口译专业速记符号大全（一）
一、缩写词：
Abbreviations in Note taking
U only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.
1．Symbols helpful in math -- the are commonly ud in texts and references.
S = sum f = frequency
Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.
cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department
U only the first syllable of a word.
pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism
U entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.
pres = prentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conrvative
Eliminate final letters. U just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.
assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration
min = minimum rep = repetition
Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.
ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background
gvt = government
U an apostrophe in place of letters.
am't = amount cont'd = continuednaughty怎么读 gov't = governmen educat'l = educational
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.
chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions
U g to reprent ing endings.
Ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting
Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.
Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too den with shorthand.
Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the.国庆节诗歌
If a term, phra, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phra, or name is ud again. For example, Center for Aerospace S
ciences becomes CAS thereafter.
U symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.
& = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against \ = therefore = = is or equal
2. U technical symbols where applicable.
zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees 载体英文 H2O = water
More reference:
U standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:
+ plus // parallel
U standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:
连杆总成eg example IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom
U only the first syllable of a word. Examples:
mar marketingmentholatum cus customer cli client
U the entire first syllable and the first letter of the cond syllable. Examples:subj subject budg budget ind individual
To distinguish among various forms of the same word, u the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:
tech'gy technology gen'ion generalisation del'y delivery
U just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associated ach achievement info information
Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:
bkgd background mvmt movement 出国行李清单prblm problem
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:
custs customers fs frequencies /s ratios
U 'g' to reprent 'ing' endings. Examples:
decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishing
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Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in but as key
Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is washeeljob com were
Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an susthe
If a term, phra, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phra, or name is ud again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB
U symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:
@ at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs against
Create your own t of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop parate ts of symbols and abbreviations for different cours or subjects.
Other Symbols and Abbreviations
as a result of / conquences of <---> resulting in ---> and / also +
equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than <
greater than >上海有哪些培训学校 especially esp.
