2009年Part C
There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former ca the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to cure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and cure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, becau of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. weatherforecast
英语四级分数计算
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itlf as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave the conquences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will cure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. The groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.李世默ted演讲
46．尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其在增长和丰富经验方面所产生的影响，但是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。
47. 这个制度的副产品仅仅是为人们所逐步注意到，而在实施这种制度时，认为这种影响是一个制约因素则仍然更为缓慢。
48. 尽管我们在与年轻人交往时，很容易忽视我们的行为对他们性格的影响，但是与成年人接触或交往却并不那么容易。
49. 既然我们对他们的主要职责（任务）就是使年轻人能够参与到一个共同的生活中去，因此我们不禁思考我们是否正具备这种力量，而这种力量将有助于我们获得这种能力。
50. 因此，我们到目前为止一直在思考这种广泛的教育过程，从而促使我们去区别一个更为正规的教育，也就是说，那种直接教导或学校教育。
2010年Part C
One basic weakness in a comrvation system bad wholly one economic motives is that most members of unity have no economic value.Yet the ereatures are members of the biotic community and ,if its stability depends on its inteyrity,they are entitled to continuance.
When one of the noneconomic categories is threatened and,if we happen to love it .We invert excus to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbiras were suppod to be disappearing.(46) Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that incts would eat us up if birds failed to control them,the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid.
It is pamful to read the round about accounts today .We have no land ethic yet ,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the prence or abnce of economic advantage to us.
A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds .(48) 日文翻译日本鬼屋医院Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that the creatures prerve t
he health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species”.
Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters becau they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe ,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the Non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community ,to be prerved as such ,within reason.
To sum up:a system of conrvation bad solely on economic lf-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are esntial to its healthy functioning.Without the uneconomic pats.
46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。
47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
48.郑人买履翻译曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或"没有价值的物种"。
49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。
50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
2011年Part C
With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver，” creating our inner character and outer circumstances， the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of
the central idea of lf-help writing. （46）亲爱的英文怎么说 Allen‘s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that becau we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Becau most of us believe that mind is parate from matter， we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless； this allows us to think one way and act another. However， Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind， and （47） while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone， in reality we are continually faced with a question： “Why cannot I make mylf do this or achieve that？ ”
Since desire and will are damaged by the prence of thoughts that do not accord with desire， Allen concluded ： “ We do not attract what we want， but what we are.” Achievement happens becau you as a person embody the external achievement； you don‘t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.
Part of the fame of Allen‘s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a pers
on， they reveal him.” experiment是什么意思（48） This ems a justification for neglect of tho in need， and a rationalization of exploitation， of the superiority of tho at the top and the inferiority of tho at the bottom. This ，however， would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each t of circumstances， however bad， offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people面积单位之间的进率， then humanity would never have progresd. In fat， （49）circumstances em to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless， as any biographer knows，chinamobile a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.
