英语专八真题之阅读备考练习：
Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all culturesaround the world, but how can we tell when other people arehappy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of manyemotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal signof friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, asnoted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be auniver sign of anger.
Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diver cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic rearch Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate whatemotions were being depicted in them.
Psychological rearchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. Infact, various emotional states give ri to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial musclesand in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, and so a person'
s facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. ConsiderDarwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it.
Psychological rearch has given ri to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedbackhypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report morepositive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being morehumorous. When they are caud to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.
What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is thelevel of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Inten contraction of facial muscles, such as tho ud in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal thenleads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature andthe relea of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impuls.)
Ekman's obrvation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as
arecommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppress emotional respon-aslong as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffeningthe lip is more inten, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotionalrespon.
1. The word despondent in the passage is clost in meaning to
A curious
B unhappy
C thoughtful
D uncertain
2. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to
B upport Darwin's theory of evolution
3. The word concur in the passage is clost in meaning to
A estimate
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B agree
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C expect
D understand
4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of
New Guinea?
非主流英文 A They did not want to be shown photographs.
祈祷英文>赖世雄美语从头学 B They were famous for their story-telling skills.
C They knew very little about Western culture.
D They did not encourage the expression of emotions.
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5. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that werenot expresd?florence and the machine
A They would become less inten.
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B They would last longer than usual.
C They would cau problems later.
D They would become more negative.
参考答案：
B C B C A
ASCI Purple will be ud to simulate nuclear explosions in 3-D
headcount budget "ASCI紫色计算机"将被用于三维模拟核爆炸
Scientists will soon be able to obrve the first instants after a nuclear warhead detonate
s. Fortunately, it will be a three-dimensional simulation, made possible by the world's fastest computer. IBM and the U.S. Department of Energy announced Tuesday the sale of a $290 million supercomputer, capable of performing 100 trillion calculations per cond. Armed with that much computing firepower, a 3-D simulation of the first one-millionth of a cond in a nuclear explosion will take eight weeks to calculate.
科学家不久将能观察到核弹头爆炸的第一瞬间。幸运的是，世界上运算最快的计算机使三维模拟核爆炸成为可能。周二，IBM和美国能源部宣布，一台售价为2.9亿美元的超级计算机每秒钟可执行100兆次运算。一个关于百万分之一秒核弹爆炸的情况只需8周就可以通过这台计算机运算并做出它的三维模拟。而这是史无前例的模拟。
