Nov.20
10
时事经纬·要闻
It 's like something out of a bad Cher song.French President Nicolas Sarkozy 's conrvative government continued its planned deportation of 700Roma —otherwi known as Gypsies —on Aug.26by nding two additional airplanes full of them back to Romania.Police have been dismantling Roma camps and offering 300euros ($382)to anyone willing to leave voluntarily.French polls show that the nation is divided by the expulsion tactics,while both human rights groups and religious leaders,including Pope Benedict XVI,have *spoken out 1against the move.But who are the Gypsies?And why does everyone em to hate them?
The term Gypsy is *short for 2Egyptian,although ethnically,Gypsies actually originally came from India.They left their homeland sometime during the 11th century,probably as a result of Muslim invasions,and have never returned.By the 14th century,they 'd entered Eastern Europe,who resident
s somehow got the impression that they came from Egypt (hence the nickname).Although they rarely show up on official census,today 's Gypsy population is estimated to be between 2million and 5million.Most of them live in Slavic -speaking countries such as the Czech Republic,Bulgaria and Romania.Yet despite centuries of Gypsy prence,Europe has never accepted this oft 3nomadic 4ethnic group and has enacted systematic purges 5of varying verity since they first arrived on the continent.Evidence of discrimination can be found just by looking at our language:when we cheat someone out of money,we “gyp ”them.Gypsy moths 6are parasitic 7,and gypsy cabs 荩就像雪儿某首糟糕的歌里唱的。8月26日，法国总统尼古拉·萨科奇领导的保守派政府继续按计划驱逐700名罗姆人———亦称吉卜赛人，又派出两架飞机满载着罗姆人返回罗马尼亚。警方在继续拆除罗姆人的营地，并发给每个自愿离开的人300欧元（382美元）。法国民意调查显示，这个国家对驱逐罗姆人的作法存在分歧。人权组织和包括教皇本笃十六世在内的宗教领袖都直言不讳地反对这一举动。但这些吉卜赛人是什么人？为什么大家似乎都恨他们？
吉卜赛人是埃及人的简称，尽管从种族上说吉卜赛人最初其实来自印度。11世纪的某个时候，他们或许因为穆斯林入侵离开家乡，就再没有回去。
到14世纪，他们进入东欧，那里的居民不知为什么得到一种印象，以为他们来自埃及（所以有了吉卜赛人这个绰号）。虽然吉卜赛人极少出现在官方人口普查中，但估计他们如今有200万至500万人。他
们大多生活在讲斯拉夫语的国家，比如捷克共和国、保加利亚和罗马尼亚。尽管吉卜赛人存在了数百年，欧洲却从未接受过这个常常游荡的民族，而且自吉卜赛人最初到达欧洲大陆开始就对他们实施严厉程度不等的系统性清除。只需要看看我们的语言就可以发现歧视吉卜赛人的证据：骗别人的钱就是“吉卜”他们。“吉卜赛蛾”（即舞毒蛾）是寄生虫，“吉卜赛出租车”指无照经营的出租车。尽管很多罗姆人仍然使用这个俚语———英国的吉卜赛委员会是所谓的旅行荩
sylvia
Who Are Gypsies,and Why Is France Deporting Them?
吉卜赛人是什么人？法国为什么要驱逐他们？
By Claire Suddath
导读：雨果巨著《巴黎圣母院》中的卖艺女郎艾斯梅拉达曾是我们心中法国吉卜赛女郎的定格形象。八九月份，当法国驱逐吉卜赛人成为新闻热点时，我们不禁发出了如本文标题的疑问。源于1789年法国大革命的“自由、平等、博爱”的口号，亦为法国立国之本，大规模遣返吉卜赛人，无疑是有违其价值观的广受诟病之举。如果法国所为有为2012年法国总统大选盘算的政治动机，那么下文中“吉卜赛人与欧盟”所反映的欧洲其他国家存在的相应问题又作何解？世上永无绝对的平等，要在世界民族之林中高昂起头颅，无论哪个族群都当自强
。
8
2010．
11
operate illegally.And though many Roma still u the slang term—Britain's Gypsy Council is a lf-organized association of so-called travelers—others regard gypsy as an insult despite its wide u and prefer Roma,or sometimes Romani.
Becau Gypsies bounced around from country to country, they found it difficult to build permanent ttlements or find jobs. So they traveled in caravans8and made livings as entertainers and asonal workers and by lling merchandi9from faraway lands. Some of them told fortunes.Gypsies are also very good dancers; they developed the flamenco10.Over the years,the itinerant11 lifestyle came to be part of the Gypsy culture,and though it is easy to romanticize(camaraderie12!freedom!hoop earrings!),the true Gypsy experience is one of poverty,distrust and the ever nagging13 feeling of not belonging.Their continued percution fostered a strong us.-vs.-them men-
tality,and they have strict
laws against marrying
“gadje”(nongypsies).
机械设备管理制度
European laws against
Gypsies can be traced back
to the early1400s,when
cities such as Lucerne in
Switzerland and Freiburg in
Germany began system-
atically removing them.Gy-
psies have endured almost
every form of discrimi-
nation.During World War
II,Nazis murdered roughly
400,000Gypsies alongside Jews,homoxuals and other minorities. Some were*rounded up14and shot in their own villages,while others were shipped off to concentration camps.
While relations between France and its Roma population have always been ten—last year,10,000Roma were shipped“home”to Romania and Bulgaria,according to the French government—this recent crackdown comes*on the heels of15a July16scuffle16in which22-year-old Luigi Duquenet,a Gypsy,was shot by police荩者自己组织的机构——
—其他人却认为，即使吉卜赛人一词被广为使用，可仍是一种侮辱性的称呼，而更愿使用罗姆人，有时也称罗姆尼人。
因为吉卜赛人从一个国家游荡到另一个国家，他们发现很难建起永久居住地或找到工作。所以他们乘大篷车旅行，靠当艺人、打短工、销售偏远异域的商品为生。有些人算命。吉卜赛人很会跳舞，弗拉曼柯舞就是他们发明的。多年来，这种游荡的生活方式成为吉卜赛文化的一部分，尽管很容易被浪漫化（情谊！自由！环形大耳环！）吉卜赛人遭受的其实是贫穷、不
信任和无所归属的无尽烦
恼。持续被迫害使他们形成
dildo
一种强烈的“我们对他们”
的思维方式，他们有严格的
法律，禁止与“加杰人”（外
族）通婚。
欧洲迫害吉卜赛人的
法律可以追溯到15世纪
初。当时，像瑞士卢塞恩和
德国弗赖堡等城市都开始
有计划、有步骤地清除他
们。吉卜赛人忍受了几乎各
however
种形式的歧视。二战时，纳
粹在杀戮犹太人、同性恋和
其他少数族裔的同时还杀害了大约40万吉卜赛人。他们有些在自己的村子里被集中射杀，有些则被送到集中营。
法国和本国罗姆人的关系一直紧张。法国政府称，去年，有1万罗姆人被送回罗马尼亚和保加利亚“老家”。最近对罗姆人的镇压是紧跟在7月16日那场混战后开始的。当时，22岁的荩
时事经纬·要闻
1.speak out大胆地说；充分而坦率地发表意见
2.short for简略的；缩写的
3.oft［鬑ft］ad.〈古〉〈诗〉=often经常地（现多用以构成复合词）
5.purge［p廾蘼d廾］n.清洗；清除；肃清；涤清
7.parasitic［摭p覸r藜蘖s覦t覦k］a.寄生的；寄生生物（似）的
8.caravan［蘖k覸r藜v覸n］n.（供居住用的）有篷马车，大篷车
爱着你永远不会改变
nity arrive with their
luggages at the Roissymyb
Charles de Gaulle airport,
outside Paris,on August
26,2010,prior to taking
a flight to the Romanian
capital,Bucharest,as
French government said
283Roma would be de-
ported today to Romania
from Paris and Lyon
airports.
10.flamenco［fl藜蘖me耷k藜尬］n.弗拉曼柯舞（西班牙吉卜赛
人的一种民族舞蹈，其动作特点是快速旋转和拍手顿足）11.itinerant［覦蘖t覦n藜r藿nt］a.巡回的；流动的；（尤指为找工作）
四处奔波的
12.camaraderie［摭k覸m藜蘖r藁蘼d藜r覦］n.情谊；友情
13.nagging［蘖n覸g覦耷］a.纠缠不休的；难以摆脱的
< the heels of紧跟在…后面
16.scuffle［蘖sk蘧fl］n.扭打，
混战
9
Nov.20
10
Don 't lie to Viviane Reding.That 's the lesson of this
2014年湖北高考分数线
week 's revelation 1that,contrary to French government
assurances that “specific ethnic groups had not been targeted in
France,”an Interior Ministry circular 2had in fact ordered
evacuation of camps of “Roma,as a matter of priority.”
Visibly enraged,the European Union 's commissioner for
justice,fundamental rights and citizenship pronounced herlf
“personally convinced that the commission will have no choice
but to initiate infringement 3action against France.”
The commission 's *wake -up call 4to racism in France is
welcome.But will outrage lead to *legal action 5?And what
英语听力练习about the wave of anti -Roma measures in other E.U.states 荩
By James A.Goldston
Roma and the E.U.
不要对维维亚娜·雷丁说谎话。这就是本周被曝光的秘闻给人们的教训：与法国政府所保证的“法国没有针对具体的种群”截然相反，事实上内政部的一份通知却下令“当务之急”是清除“罗姆人”营地。这位负责司法、人权和公民事务的欧盟委员显然很愤怒，宣布“本人确信，欧盟委员会别无选择，只能启动针对法国的侵权诉讼”。欧盟委员会对法国种族主义的警告来得正好。但是，愤慨会导致法律诉讼吗？其他欧盟国家反罗姆人举措的态势又当如何？到荩吉卜赛人与欧盟
时事经纬·要闻
荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩荩
after he drove through a roadblock and allegedly hit an
officer.Duquenet 's death sparked a small riot in the town of
Saint -Aignan,which in turn prompted a government
spokesman to call Gypsies “sources of illegal trafficking,of
profoundly shocking living standards,of exploitation of
children for begging,of prostitution and crime.”On July 28,
Sarkozy announced that Roma encampments would beship
dismantled and their inhabitants “systematically evacuated.”Aside from drawing allegations of racism and bigotry 17
,
Sarkozy 's actions *border on 18the illegal:most of France 's
Gypsies arrived by way of Romania or Bulgaria,both of
妥为which are now members of the European Union.E.U.citizens
are allowed to move freely through other untries,
although French law limits their stay to three months unless
they find employment.And while it 's true that most Gypsies
are in the country unlawfully,France can 't prove that it 's
expelling the right people unless it checks the paperwork of
every single person it deports.The Aug.26exodus 19brings
the number of Roma *kicked out of 20France this year to 8,300(80%of whom took the 300euros and left voluntarily).Of
cour,many of them will probably come right back.■
吉卜赛人路易吉·迪克内因为开车越过路障、据称还撞到一名警察后被警察开枪打死。迪克内之死在小城圣艾尼昂引发小规模骚乱，继而又导致政府发言人把吉卜赛人称作“种种罪恶的源头，包括非法买卖，极为令人咋舌的生活标准，剥削儿童、让他们乞讨，卖淫，犯罪”。7月28日，萨科奇宣布将拆除
罗姆人营地，“有计划、有步骤地疏散”其居民。除了被指责种族主义和偏执外，萨科奇的行动近乎非法：法国的吉卜赛人大多通过罗马尼亚或保加利亚来到这里，这两个国家现在都是欧盟成员。欧盟成员国公民可以在其他成员国内自动流动，尽管法国法律规定他们最多只能待3个月，除非找到工作。虽然多数吉卜赛人在法国非法居留是事实，但法国证明不了自己驱逐的就是非法居留者，除非审核每个被驱逐者的有关文件。8月26日的大批迁离使法国今年赶走的吉卜赛人达到8300人（80％接受那300欧元并主动离开）。
当然，很多人可能很快又会回来。（赵菲菲译自Time Aug.26,2010）17.bigotry ［蘖b覦g 藜tr覦］n.偏见；
偏执的行为（或态度）18.border on 近似，接近19.exodus ［蘖eks 藜d 藜s ］n.（大批的或成群的）
出去，外出，离开20.kick sb out of 使某人离开；
开除；
逐出10
