Greek alphabet
ΑαAlpha ΝνNu ΒβBeta ΞξXi ΓγGamma ΟοOmicron ΔδDelta ΠπPi ΕεEpsilon ΡρRho ΖζZeta ΣσςSigma ΗηEta ΤτTau ΘθTheta ΥυUpsilon ΙιIota ΦφPhi ΚκKappa ΧχChi ΛλLambda ΨψPsi Μµ
Mu
Ωω
Omega
History
Archaic local variants · ·
·
·
· Ligatures (ϛ, ȣ, ϗ) · Diacritics Numerals: (6) · (90) ·
(900)
In other languages Bactrian · Coptic · Albanian
Scientific symbols
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Greek letters ud in mathematics, science, and engineering
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Greek letters are ud in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is ud as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables reprenting certain quantities. In the contexts, the capital letters and the small letters reprent distinct and unrelated entities. Tho
Greek letters which have the same form as Latin letters are usually not ud: capital A,B, E, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, T, X, Y, Z. Small ι (iota), ο (omicron) and υ (upsilon) are also rarely ud, since they cloly remble the Latin letters i, o and u. Sometimes font variants of Greek letters are ud as distinct symbols in mathematics, in particular for φ (phi) and π (pi).
In mathematical finance, the Greeks are the variables denoted by Greek letters ud to describe the risk of certain investments.
English-speaking mathematicians u neither the modern nor the historical Greek pronunciations of the names of the letters, but the traditional English /ˈθeɪtə/ for θ, cf. ancient [tʰɛ̂ːta] and modern [ˈθita].
Contents
1 Typography
2 Concepts reprented by a Greek letter
2.1 Αα (alpha)2.2 Ββ (beta)2.3 Γγ (gamma)2.4 Δδ (delta)2.5 Εε (epsilon)2.6 Ϝϝ (digamma)2.7 Ζζ (zeta)2.8 Ηη (eta)2.9 Θθ (theta)2.10 Ιι (iota)2.11 Κκ (kappa)2.12 Λλ (lambda)2.13 Μµ (mu)2.14 Νν (nu)2.15 Ξξ (xi)
2.16 Οο (omicron)2.17 Ππ (pi)2.18 Ρρ (rho)2.19 Σσ (sigma)2.20 Ττ (tau)2.21 Υυ (upsilon)2.22 Φφ (phi)2.23 Χχ (chi)2.24 Ψψ (psi)2.25 Ωω (omega)3 See also 4 References
Typography
The Greek letter forms ud in maths are often different from tho ud in Greek-language text: they are designed to be ud
The Greek letter forms ud in maths are often different from tho ud in Greek-language text: they are designed to be ud in isolation, not connected to other letters, and some u variant forms which are not normally ud in current Greek typography.
The OpenType font format has the feature tag 'mgrk' "Mathematical Greek" to identify a glyph as reprenting a Greek letter to be ud in mathematical (as oppod to Greek language) contexts.
The table below shows a comparison of Greek letters rendered in TeX and HTML. The font ud in the TeX rendering is an italic style. This is in line with the convention that variables should be italicized. As Greek letters are more often than not ud as variables in mathematical formulas, a Greek letter appearing similar to the TeX rendering is more likely to be encountered in works involving mathematics.
Greek letters
Name TeX HTML Name TeX HTML Name TeX HTML Name TeX HTML Name TeX HTML AlphaΑαDigammaϜϝKappaΚκOmicronΟοUpsilonΥυ
BetaΒβZetaΖζLambdaΛλPiΠπϖPhiΦϕφ
GammaΓγEtaΗηMuΜµRhoΡρϱChiΧχ
mdn
DeltaΔδThetaΘθϑNuΝνSigmaΣσςPsiΨψ
EpsilonΕϵεIotaΙιXiΞξTauΤτOmegaΩω
Concepts reprented by a Greek letter
Αα (alpha)
α reprents:
the first angle in a triangle, opposite the side A
one root of a quadratic equation, where β reprents the other
the ratio of collector current to emitter current in a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in electronics
the statistical significance of a result
the fal positive rate in statistics
the reciprocal of the sacrifice ratio
the fine structure constant in physics
the angle of attack of an airplane
an alpha particle (He2+)
htfangular acceleration in physics
the linear thermal expansion coefficient
the thermal diffusivity
the alpha carbon is the first carbon after the carbon that attaches to a functional group in organic chemistry
the α-carbon is the backbone carbon next to the carbonyl carbon in amino acids
right ascension in astrometry
Ββ (beta)
Β reprents the beta function
β reprents:
the cond angle in a triangle, opposite the side B
one root of a quadratic equation, where α reprents the other
the ratio of collector current to ba current in a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in electronics (current gain)
the fal negative rate in statistics
the beta coefficient, the non-diversifiable risk, of an ast in mathematical finance
the sideslip angle of an airplane
the first-order effects of variations in Coriolis force with latitude in planetary dynamics
a beta particle (e-)
sound intensity
velocity divided by the speed of light in special relativity
the beta brain wave in brain or cognitive sciences
ecliptic latitude in astrometry
ecliptic latitude in astrometry
Γγ (gamma)
Γ reprents:
the reflection coefficient of a transmission or telecommunication line.
the confinement factor of an optical mode in a waveguide
the gamma function, a generalization of the factorial
the upper incomplete gamma function
the modular group, the group of fractional linear transformations
the gamma distribution, a continuous probability distribution defined using the gamma function
cond-order nsitivity to price in mathematical finance
gre分类词汇
the Christoffel symbols of the cond kind
γ reprents:
the partial safety factors applied to loads and materials in structural engineering
the specific weight of substances
the lower incomplete gamma function
the third angle in a triangle, opposite the side C
the Euler-Mascheroni constant in mathematics关于教师节的演讲稿
gamma rays and the photon
the heat capacity ratio in thermodynamics
the Lorentz factor in special relativity
the damping constant (kg/s)
Δδ (delta)
Δ reprents:
a finite difference
a difference operator
英文演讲稿a symmetric difference
the Laplace operator
the angle that subtends the arc of a circular curve in surveying
the determinant of an inver matrix[1]
the maximum degree of any vertex in a given graph
the difference or change in a given variable, e.g. ∆v means a difference or change in velocity
nsitivity to price in mathematical finance
distance to Earth, measured in astronomical units
heat in a chemical formula
the discriminant in the quadratic formula which determines the nature of the roots
the degrees of freedom in a non-pooled statistical hypothesis test of two population means δ reprents:
a variation in the calculus of variations
the Kronecker delta function
the force of interest in mathematical finance
the Dirac delta function
the Skorokhod integral in Malliavin calculus, a subfield of stochastic analysis
the minimum degree of any vertex in a given graph
a partial charge. δ- reprents a negative partial charge, and δ+ reprents a positive partial charge
chemistry (See also: Solvation)
declination in astrometry
ruff
the Turner Function in computational material science
noncentrality measure in statistics[2]
Εε (epsilon)
ε reprents:
a small positive quantity; e limit
a small positive quantity; e limit
a random error in regression analysis
in t theory, the limit ordinal of the quence
in computer science, the empty string
the Levi-Civita symbol
in electromagnetics, dielectric permittivity
emissivity
strain in continuum mechanics
permittivity
the Earth's axial tilt in astrometry
elasticity in economics
expected value in probability theory and statistics
electromotive force
t membership symbol ∈ is bad on ε
Ϝϝ (digamma)
Ϝ is sometimes ud to reprent the digamma function, though the Latin letter F (which is nearly identical) is usually substituted.
Ζζ (zeta)
ζ reprents:
the Riemann zeta function and other zeta functions in mathematics
the coefficient of viscous friction in polymer dynamics
the damping ratio
relative vertical vorticity in fluid dynamics
Ηη (eta)
η reprents:
the intrinsic impedance of medium (usually free space)
the partial regression coefficient in statistics
elasticities in economics
the absolute vertical vorticity (relative vertical vorticity + Coriolis effect) in fluid dynamics
an index of refraction
a type of meson
viscosity
efficiency
the Minkowski metric tensor in relativity
noi in communication system models
Θθ (theta)
Θ reprents:
an asymptotically tight bound related to big O notation.
nsitivity to the passage of time in mathematical finance
Θ (t theory), a certain ordinal number
θ reprents:
a plane angle in geometry
the angle to the x axis in the xy-plane in spherical or cylindrical coordinates
potential temperature in thermodynamics
the mean time between failure in reliability engineering
soil water contents in soil science
Debye temperature
theta functions
sometimes also ϑ ("script theta"), cursive form of theta, often ud in handwriting
sometimes also ϑ ("script theta"), cursive form of theta, often ud in handwriting
the first Chebyshev function in number theory
Ιι (iota)
ι reprents:
the index generator function in APL (in the form ⍳)
Κκ (kappa)
κ reprents:
the Von Kármán constant
the kappa curve
the condition number of a matrix in numerical analysis
the connectivity of a graph in graph theory
curvature
dielectric constant (ε / ε0)
thermal conductivity (usually a lowerca Latin k)
thermal diffusivity
a spring constant (usually a lowerca Latin k)
the heat capacity ratio in thermodynamics (usually γ)
Λλ (lambda)
Λ reprents:
the von Mangoldt function in number theory
the t of logical axioms in the axiomatic method of logical deduction in first-order logic
the cosmological constant
a type of baryon
a diagonal matrix of eigenvalues in linear algebra
认识自己the permeance of a material in electromagnetism
λ reprents:
one wavelength of electromagnetic radiation
cma是什么证书the decay constant in radioactivity
function expressions in the lambda calculus
a general eigenvalue in linear algebra
the expected number of occurrences in a Poisson distribution in probability沈阳英语口语
the arrival rate in queueing theory
the average lifetime or rate parameter in an exponential distribution (commonly ud across statistics,
physics, and engineering)
the failure rate in reliability engineering
the mean or average value (probability and statistics)
the latent heat of fusion
the lagrange multiplier in the mathematical optimization method, known as the shadow price in economics
the Lebesgue measure denotes the volume or measure of a Lebesgue measurable t
longitude in geodesy
linear density
ecliptic longitude in astrometry
the Liouville function in number theory
the Carmichael function in number theory
a unit of measure of volume equal to one microlitre (1 µL) or one cubic millimetre (1 mm³)
the empty string in formal grammar
recommendationsΜµ (mu)
µ reprents:
the Möbius function in number theory
the ring reprentation of a reprentation module
