Planet Earth II 地球脉动第2季第6集：城市_BBC
这是地球上最新兴的栖息地
硫芴This is the newest habitat on Earth.
在这里动物们不得不
It's here that animals have to contend
与地球表面
with the greatest change
最剧烈的变革相抗衡
that is happening to the face of our planet.
未来十年内城市面积预计将
In this decade, the urban environment
扩张约百分之三十
is predicted to grow by nearly 30%.
这也许会对动物的生命造成威胁
It may appear hostile to animal life,
但对于勇者来说
but for the bold,
这是一个充满奇妙机遇的世界
this is a world of surprising opportunity.
印度焦特布尔市
Jodhpur, India.
一群单身的雄性长尾叶猴
A gang of bachelor male langurs
前来挑战这块领地的雄性首领
has come to challenge the resident alpha male.
他统治着这片珍贵的城市领土
This alpha rules over a valuable urban territory.
但维护权威是一场长期的斗争
But maintaining dominance here is a constant struggle.
单身雄猴们联合起来试图推翻猴王
The bachelors have united to try and overthrow him.
如果他们胜利了其中一位挑战者
If they win, one of the challengers
将继承猴王的后宫
will take over the alpha's troop of females,
并杀死他的幼崽
and may kill his infants. 这个单身猴群里有十五只公猴
There are 15 males in this bachelor group.
猴王必须把他们全部逐出自己的领地
The alpha must evict every single one of them from his territory.
他已经赶走了半数挑战者
He has chad half the bachelors away,
但有一支小分队折了回来
but a splinter group has looped back
正在骚扰他的母猴们
and is harassing his females.
他不得不再次加入战斗
Once again, he has to battle.
终于赶走了所有来犯者
Finally, he manages to expel them all.
他凯旋而归
He returns home victorious,
但右腿受了重伤
but with a rious wound on his right leg.
对他而言城市生活布满荆棘
It's a hard life for him in the city.
每天都上演着入侵驱逐战
Keeping the intruders away is a daily challenge.
wishes
但一切都值得
But it's worth it.
对长尾叶猴来说
For the urban territories
这边城区也许是世上最优良的栖息地
are probably the best langur territories in the world.
因为遍地都是觅食场
They're filled with rich feeding grounds.
在这些寺院花园中
Here in the temple gardens,
几百年来长尾叶猴与人类
the langurs have, over centuries,
juke建立了一种奇妙的关系
developed a surprising relationship.
这层关系为猴群提供了
One that guarantee's them
源源不断的食物
a constantly replenished source of food.
当地人将长尾叶猴视为
The people here associate langurs引入
印度教中猴神哈奴曼的化身
with the Hindu God, Lord Hanuman,
对他们毕恭毕敬
and revere them.
珍馐佳肴应有尽有
aspectratio
They're given all the food they can eat.
优质饮食带来了生育高峰
And this high-energy diet has led to a baby boom.
城市里雌性长尾叶猴的生育率
Female langurs in this city
是森林中同类的两倍
give birth to twice as many young as their forest counterparts.
这只母猴伙食很好奶水充足到
This mother is so well fed that her rich milk
能养育起野外极其罕见的小生命
can support something rarely en in the wild.
双胞胎
Twins.
这些幼崽聚集成群
And all the babies can create troops
队伍比周边森林里的要大得多
that are far larger than tho found in the forests nearby.
觅食时间缩短使得他们
With less time spent looking for food,
有更多时间可以玩耍
there is more time for play.
生活在城市中好处良多
The rewards of living in a city can be huge.
难的是如何寻找自己的一席之地
The challenge is to find your niche.
纽约
New York City.
这座高楼林立的城市style是什么意思啊
This denly built-up landscape
与地球上许多地方一样远离自然
is as unnatural as anywhere on Earth.
而这只游隼正站在高处
And yet, this wild peregrine falcon
俯瞰这座城市looks out onto an ideal habitat.
奇怪的是这片变化巨大的土地
Strange as it may em, this vastly-altered landscape
竟然重现了游隼进化的生境
replicates the conditions in which peregrines evolved.
高耸的建筑上面有许多平台
The towering buildings have a multitude of ledges
可供游隼筑巢
on which falcons can nest,
鸟巢高度也足够他们乘风飞翔
and the high perches that they need to catch the wind.
纽约市的游隼密度
New York City has the highest density
居世界之最
of nesting peregrines anywhere on the planet. 风被摩天大楼阻挡后会向上偏转
Winds striking the sides of the skyscrapers
有利于游隼飞得更高
are deflected upwards and can help the birds gain height.
烈日下大面积的混凝土散发的热量
And the great areas of concrete
形成上升热气流
roasting in the sun create thermals,
游隼不费吹灰之力
so that, with very little effort,
便可以在城市上空翱翔
the birds can soar over the city.
不计其数的游隼定居于此
And so many peregrines can live here,
是因为城市近地面
becau down at street level,
生活着许多猎物
there is a lot of potential prey.
游隼俯冲时的飞行时速
Diving from height, the falcons can reach speeds
超过时速322公里
of over 200 miles an hour.
但猎物躲在低处离建筑物很近
But their prey stay down low and clo to the buildings.
风险太大了
Too risky.
它停止了俯冲
The peregrine pulls out of his stoop.
但辛苦不会白费
But the effort is not wasted.
游隼需要将猎物驱赶到开阔地带
The falcons need to flush their prey into the open.
曼哈顿四面环水
And Manhattan is surrounded by water.
出城以后可谓胜券在握
Out here the odds change.
正中游隼下怀
And in the peregrine's favour.
一年到头都有着丰富的食物
With abundant prey here all year round,
游隼在此建立栖息地
it has taken only 40 years
仅用了四十年
for the falcons to establish themlves here. 穿梭在摩登大厦中
And now, among skyscrapers, they're more successful
与旷野中的同类相比它们更胜一筹
than their cousins living in the wilderness.
印度孟买人口超过两千万
Mumbai, in India, is home to over 20 million people.
也生存着许多猎食者
And there are predators here
尽管难得一见也着实令人胆战心惊that, though rarely en, are rightly feared.
食肉动物们
Carnivores,
正向着毫无戒心的猎物
lured by the prospect of plentiful unsuspecting prey
一步步靠近
are on the prowl.
一只金钱豹
A leopard. 在夜色的掩护下他们每晚都会出来猎食Every night, under the cover of darkness they come out to hunt.
大型食肉动物需要
The are big animals,
iface
寻找大型猎物才能充饥
and they're looking for large prey to satisfy their hunger.
为了多捕捉一些画面
To catch more than a glimp of them
揭示他们的猎食行为
and reveal their hunting behaviour,
我们需要夜视摄像机
you need night-vision cameras.
在过去的二十五年里
Leopards have attacked almost 200 people here
金钱豹袭击过约两百个人
in the last 25 years.
但人类并不是他们日常的捕食对象
But humans are not their usual prey.
这些金钱豹在寻找其他猎物
The leopards are on the hunt for something el.
猪
Pigs.
他们更喜欢人类圈养在城市里
The leopards prefer to hunt the domestic animals
数量可观的家畜
that people have brought to the city in considerable numbers.
猪喜欢群居
The pigs keep their family clo.
城市里无休止的嘈杂为金钱豹提供了便利The cealess noi of the city plays to their advantage.
掩盖了他们的脚步
It conceals their approach.
金钱豹利用掩护
And the leopards are using this cover
能在全城各地捕猎
to hunt all over the city.
这个种群日益繁荣
This is a thriving population.
事实上世界上金钱豹数量最多的地方
In fact, the highest concentration of leopards in the world
就是这里
is right here.
充足的食物
It's not only the abundance of food
并不是吸引野生动物迁入城市的唯一要素that attracts wild animals to cities.
城市的气温通常比郊外略高几度
They're usually veral degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside.
十二月的罗马
And here in Rome, in December,
有一种动物充分利用着这丝温暖
one animal is taking full advantage of this extra heat.
在城市中留下自己的印记
And it's leaving it's mark.
冬季的每一天
In a single winter's day,
都有十吨粪便雨降临这座城市
ten tonnes of its droppings rain down on the city.
欧椋鸟
Starlings.
夜晚它们在郊外摄食后
In the evening, they come back to the warmth of the city
返回温暖的城市
after feeding in the neighbouring countryside.它们必须返回栖息地
They must return to their roosting trees.
但第一个回来的最有可能
But the first to do so are at the highest risk
被猛禽袭击
of being caught by birds of prey.
所以它们等候大部队一同抵达
So, they wait for others to arrive.
数量越多就越安全
There's safety in numbers.
天光渐暗
As daylight fades, 城市上空被数百万只欧椋鸟占据
the sky fills with a staggering one million starlings.
上演一场蔚然壮观的自然演出
And then follows one of nature's great spectaculars.
它们是如何又是为何成群起舞
How, or indeed why, they perform the marvellous aerobatics,
至今我们还无法完全理解
we still do not fully understand.
最终它们会成群结队地降落Eventually, en mas, they brave the descent 挑选最喜欢的树枝落脚
and fill the branches of their favourite trees. 在这样寒冷的冬夜里
On the cold winter nights, the city's extra warmth
高考听力城市的温暖可能事关生死存亡
can mean the difference between life and death.
城市不仅能提供大量食物与庇护所
A city, of cour, can provide
还有许多宝藏
not only shelter and abundant food, but glamour.
这些精心挑选的小物件
The varied objects have been carefully chon
颜色鲜艳溢彩流光
by a bird for their brightness and their colour. 这只园丁鸟花了十余年时间
This great bowerbird has spent over a decade 收集了这些物品其中大部分是人造装饰building this collection of mostly man-made objects.
澳大利亚汤斯维尔市的高尔夫球场上
Out on a golf cour in Townsville, Australia, 他正在为这座巨型凉亭做最后的修饰
he's putting the final touches to his enormous bower,
争取能够博得来访雌鸟的青睐
that he hopes will impress a visiting female.
他每天都会花两小时来调整装饰物的布局
grin什么意思
He spends two hours each day rearranging his prized objects.
"放在那边可能更好看一点"
"Perhaps that would look a little better over there."
可似乎还是差了点什么
But it ems that something is missing.
他没有进城去找新装饰
Instead of going into town to collect new objects,
而是决定抢劫邻居
he's decided to raid his neighbour's bower. "晾衣夹太棒了"
"A clothes peg! Excellent!"
"还有一辆闪亮的玩具车"
"And a shiny toy car."
如果被发现就不好玩了
It's a risky game if you get caught.
主人回来了
The owner is back.
有一座凉亭值得去冒险
There is one bower where the risk is worth it. 一件特别的物品吸引了他的目光
A particular object has caught his eye.
however的用法
他需要等主人离开
He'll have to wait for the owner to leave.
机会来了
This is his chance.
这是真正的宝贝
A real treasure.
深红色的心
A scarlet heart.
"拿到了"
"Got it."
供雌鸟参观的舞台已经准备就绪
The stage is now t for female visitors.
他似乎很走运
His luck may be in.
可以开始尽情了
The duction can now begin.
他开始炫耀自己的收藏
He's showing off his best goods.
"这个塑料管怎么样"
"Perhaps a little plastic piping? "我还有鲜艳的红丝线"
"Or maybe a bit of coloured string?"
但这位访客似乎兴趣缺缺
But his guest doesn't em to be paying much attention.
"这把叉子呢"
"A fork?
"女士"
"Madame?"
对方依旧无动于衷
Nothing ems to be working.
事情有些不对劲
Something is just not quite right here.
但他还有一招
But he still has one trick up his sleeve.
那颗红心
The scarlet heart.
作为压轴节目
As a final thrill,
他张开了头部后侧的粉色羽冠
he expands the pink crest on the back of his head.
证明他已经成年
The sign of his adulthood.
但他弄错了
But he's made a mistake.
这只不是雌鸟
This is not a female
而是一只还没有长出羽冠的雄鸟
but a young male who hasn't yet developed that head crest.
他衔起红心飞走了
And he's making off with the scarlet heart.
在城里求偶着实不易
It's not easy finding x in the city.
在城市里养活子女也不轻松
Raising a family in the city is not easy either. 多伦多已经到了春季
It's spring time in Toronto,
这只浣熊妈妈的家
and this mother raccoon has
从树顶换成了屋顶
exchanged her native treetops for rooftops.
两个月前她产下的幼崽
