仅供个人学习参考
1)先后次序关系:
atthistime(这时候、此时);first;cond;atlast;next;previously(以前);
simultaneously[saim?l'teini?sli](同时);eventually(最后);lastbutnotleast(最后但并
不是最不重要的);
tobeginwith(首先、本来);tostartwith=forastart(首先);firstofall(首先,第一);toendwith
(最后);finally(最后);sincethen(从那时以来);afterwards(然后、后来);
followingthis:
followingThisTrend顺应这种趋势;ByFollowingThisStrategy通过采用这种策略;只要遵循这项
策略
followingThisPattern下面这个模式;FollowingThisOpinion由此来看
followingThisWay沿着这条思路;FollowingThisThought循此思路
followingThisCommitment根据这一承诺;FollowingThisExample下面这位比如;
precedingthis(在这之前).
2)因果关系:
becau;becauofthis;beingthat(既然、因为、由于);anotherimportantfactor/
reasonof...;since(既然、因为、由于、自…以来);as(因为、依照、当…时、随着、虽
然);for;inthat...(既然、因为、由于);owingto(由于,因
为…);dueto;forthereasonthat...;inviewof(鉴于、考虑
到);thereasonemstobeobvious;forthisreason;asaresultofthis;therefore;...andso(因此、
所以)...;conquently(所以、因此、结果);asaresult;thus;hence;so;sothat...;inconquence
(因此、结果);asaconquence(因此、结果);accordingly(因此、于是);inevitably(不可
避免地、必然地);undertheconditions(在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况
下);thereupon[,eε?r?'p?n]于是;eing...(因为;鉴于;由于);
3)转折关系:
but;evenso(虽然如此,即使如此);however;though(可是、虽然、然而、不过);eventhough
(虽然、即使);independentof(不管);despitethat(尽管、不管);inspiteofthat(尽管、不
管);regardlessof(不管);yet...(然而、但是);andyet(可是、然而);butunless(除非).
4)并列关系:
and;also;too;aswellas(也;和…一样;不但…而且);either...,or...(不是…就是…;或者…
或者…);both...and...
5)(补充)递进关系:
furthermore(此外、而且);moreover(此外、而且);further(更远地;进一步地;而且);
Inthisway(这样);still(但是;仍然;尽管如此);notonly...butalso...;notthat…butthat…
(不是(因为)…而是(因为)…);inaddition(to)(另外,此外(除…之外));additionally(此
外),muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically(更具体地说),next(其次;然后),besides(而
且;此外;除…之外);asfaras...(至于,就…而言);inotherwords(换句话说);ontheonehand...,
ontheotherhand...(一方面,另一方面);even(甚至;即使);asapopularsayinggoes...(常言
说);inordertodoit...(为了做这件事);meanwhile(同时);atthesametime;accordingly(因此,于
是);Inthefirstplace...(首先),inthecondplace...(其次、第二);equallyimportant(同样重
要);ofevengreaterappeal(更吸引).
6)比较关系:
similarly(同样地);inlikemanner(同样地);incomparisonwith(与…比较);
仅供个人学习参考
whencomparedwith(当和...相比时);comparedwith(与...相比较);wheninfact...(而实际上;
但事实上);like...(如同);likewi(也;同样地);apartfrom(doing)...(除…之外;且
不说;);
...ratherthan...(而不是;宁可…也不愿);bydoingso(通过这样来做);both…and...;
inthesameway(同样地;以同样的方式);notonly...but(also);
7)对照(不同点):
yet;still(但是;仍然;尽管如此);notwithstanding(尽管,虽然);rather(宁可);
neither...nor(既不是…也不是…);although;though;but;however;converly(相反地);
unlike(和…不同,不像);oppodto(反对);asoppodto(与…截然相反);incontrast(to)(与此相
反);
onthecontrary(正相反);differentfromthis;nevertheless(然而,不过);contraryto(与…相反);
whereas[hwε?'?z](反之;然而);while(而);butontheotherhand(但另一方面).
8)举例关系:
forexample;forinstance;inthisca(假若这样);namely(也就是;换句话说);
asyouknow(正如你知道的);asyoumaysay(如你所说);like(像;如同);suchas(比如;诸如);
acainpointis...(一个典型的例子);?inparticular(尤其,特别);putitsimply(简单地说);
foronething...首先,foranother...其次、第二;asanillustration(作为一个例证),Iwillsay...;
agoodexample(of...)wouldbe...;Itisinterestingtonotethat...;inthissituation(在这种情
况下);
take…axample(以……为例);asfor(关于,至于);asregards(关于,至于);asto(关于,至
于);???
accordingto(根据);onthisoccasion(场合).
?9)强调关系:
infact;especially;particularly;moreover;naturally(自然地);
whatismoreimportantisthat…(更重要的是);inreality(实际上;事实上);certainly(当
然);
ofcour;indeed(的确);inparticular(尤其,特别);nottomention...(更不必
说);
believeitornot(信不信由你);undeniably(不可否认地);otherthingbeingequal(另一件是同
等的);
itiscertain/surethat...;tobetrue(说实话);bydefinition(明显地);definitely(明确
地,肯定地);undoubtedly(无庸置疑地);withoutadoubt(无疑地);intruth(事实上);
inanyevent(不论怎样);
withoutrervation(毫无保留地);obviously(明显
地),notonly..but(also...),both...and...
?10)条件关系:
if;unless;lest(唯恐);providedthat(倘若;假如);ifitistheca(如果是这样的情况);
inthisn(在这一点上,从这点来说);once...(一旦);ifpossible(如果可能的话);
ifnecessary(如果必要的话);ifso(如果是这样的话);ifanything(如果有什么区别的话).
?11)归纳总结类:
inotherwords(也就是说);onthewhole(就全体而论);insum(总而言之);therefore;
hence;inshort(总之;简言之);inbrief(总之);tosumup(总之;概括地说);
inconclusion(总之,综上所述);insummary(总之;概括起来);toconclude(最后);
theconclusioncanbedrawnthat...(可以得出的结论);forthisreason(为此)
12)地点关系:
仅供个人学习参考
beyond(在...较远的一边);oppositeto(在…对面);adjacentto(接近);atthesameplace;there;
over(从头到尾、在…之上);inthemiddle;around(在附近、在…周
围);infrontof;inthedistance(在远处);farther(此外;更远地;更进一步地);hereandthere(各
处,到处);above(在……之上;在上面);
below(在下面;在…下面);attherightside(在右边);between(在…之间;在中间);onthisside(在
这边).
13)目的关系:
forthispurpo;inorderthat;inthisway;since;sothat;onthataccount(由于那个缘故);
inca万一、假使;withaviewto(鉴于、由于考虑到);forthesamereason。
14)重申关系:
inotherwords(换句话说);thatistosay(就是、即、换言之);
asIhavesaid(就像我说过的);again;onceagain(再一次).
15)结果关系:
accordingly(因此、于是、相应地);thus;conquently(所以、因此、结果);hence;therefore;
thereupon(结果、因此);inevitably(必然地、不可避免地);undertheconditions;
asaresult;asaconquence(结果、因此);becau;becauof;sothat;notonly...but(also...);
soasto(以便,为了).
16)顺序关系:
first;cond;thirdly;next;then;attheoutt(在开始时),followingthis;atthistime;now;
atthispoint;after;afterward(以后,后来);afterthis;subquently(随后、其后、后来);lastly
(最后,终于);finally;conquently(所以、因此、结果);beforethis;previously(以前);
precedingthis(precede的ing形式:在...之前);simultaneously(同时地);concurrently(同
时).
17)时间关系:
atonce(马上,立刻);immediately;atlength(最后,终于);inthemeantime;meanwhile;
atthesametime;intheend;then;soon;notlongafter(不久);later;atlast;finally;sometimeago
(不久前)atprent;allofasudden(突然地,出乎意料地);fromthistimeon(从今以后);
fromtimetotime(不时,有时);sincethen;when;whenever;nextpoint(下一点);
afewminuteslater;formerly(以前、原来);as(当…的时候);once(一旦);
since(自…以来、自…以后;);occasionally(偶而);inamoment(一会儿,不久);
shortly(不久,马上,立刻,简短地);whereupon(于是、因此);previously(以前、预先).
转折关系
but,however,yet(然
而),onthecontrary,contraryto,contrarily,by(in)contrast(to),whereas,ratherthan,instead
of,unlike,infact(effect),actually弱转,converly
让步关系
although,muchas,though,eventhough(if),even,despite,inspiteof,nevertheless,anyhow(
anyway),as,while(虽然、尽管、即使),still(尽管如此)
总分关系(举例&总结)
举例:forexample、forinstance、suchas、including
总结:insum,ingeneral,overall,tosumup,onthewhole,generally
因果关系
becau
inthat+句子表原因
dueto
thanksto
owingto+名词表原因
since
nowthat
eversince+句子表原因
仅供个人学习参考
becauof
onaccountof
inresponto+名词表原因
leadto
contributeto
resultin+名词(前因后果)
sothat
suchthat
inorderthat+句子(强调目的、结果的因果)
inviewof
inthelightof
byvirtueof+名词鉴于、由于
putdownto
ascribeto
attributeto
oweto+名词归因于
so
thus
hence
therefore
conquently(asaconquence/asaresult)+句子(因此)
for,as,asaresultof,with(由于,由于某种条件或原因的存在出现了某种结果)
递进关系
递进词:still、also、indeed、furthermore(进一步)、moreover(而且、此外)、
highlighting(突出、强调)、even(甚至、更)、besides(注意区分
except),additionally,inaddition,what’smore
条件关系
连词:
if,provided/providingthat,suppo,supposing,inca(of),intheeventof,assume,pre
sumably,solongas,unless,onlyif,when
并列关系
并列词:and(和)、aswellas(也)、likewi(同样的)、while(与此同时)、similarly
(类似地)、or(或者)、simultaneously(同时发生地)、meanwhile(同时)、inthemeantime、
neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso、more…than
常见的10大类逻辑关系及标志词
并列关系&部分常用标志词和短语
and,andalso,or,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,likewi,similarly,equally
,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,same……as;
递进关系&部分常用标志词和短语
also,then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatismore;indeed;
因果关系&部分常用标志词和短语
becau,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…..that,such…..that,inorderthat,conqu
ently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponto,onaccountof,becauof,consideringthat,ei
ngthat,inthat,nowthat,lest,asaresult,forthisreason;
转折关系&部分常用标志词和短语
but,however,yet,contrarily,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately;
让步关系&部分常用标志词和短语
although,though,eventhough,evenif,even,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof;regardlessof;
anyway,anyhow
列举(顺序)关系&部分常用标志词和短语
仅供个人学习参考
firstcondlastofall,inthefirstplaceinthecondplacefinally,tobeginwithtocontinue,f
irst……then,ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some…
…others……stillothers;
对比关系&部分常用标志词和短语
while,whereas,as,/ratherthan,insteadof,not…..but;
时间关系&部分常用标志词和短语
when,whenever,before,after,since,as,while,until,till,simultaneously,meanwhile,inthemeant
ime,atthesametime;
条件关系&部分常用标志词和短语
if,onlyif,ifonly,unless,otherwi,assoonas,aslongas,inca,suppothat,supposingthat,pro
videdthat,providingthat,when,whenever,with;
举例关系&部分常用标志词和短语
suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(the,tho,them),among(the,tho,them),toillustrate,
asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecificallyspeaking,namely;
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