2011年考研英语

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionⅠUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]

or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras"abodilyexerciprecioustohealth."

But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.

Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvesls,3heart

auhardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughis

unlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,axercidoes,laughterapparently

sdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8muscles,

decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

Suchbod,

theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedback,thatimprovean

individual'motionalstate.11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted

rguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13

theyaresadbutthattheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscular

perimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityof

WürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth—therebycreating

anartificialsmile—orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)orcedto

exercitheirsmilingmuscles18moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthowho

mouthswerecontractedinafrown,19thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjust

theotherwayaround.20,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.[289words]

1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]obrve

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]becau

14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppress

15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Conquently[C]Similarly[D]Converly

SectionⅠReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or

[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1．(40points)

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhas

beenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointment

n2009．Forthemostpart,theresponhasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast."Hooray!Atlast!"wrote

AnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurpri,however,isthatGilbertis

mmasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,

callshim"anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim."Asa

descriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslike

GustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersas

faintprai.

Formypart,re,

heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisit

AveryFisherHall,oranywhereel,vetodoistogo

tomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformanceare

time,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classical

instrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahous,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,and

muums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20th

ecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartistic

qualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe"consumed"atatimeandplaceofthe

listener'espreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisis

intheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnot

t'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,a

classical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto

"amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization."Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra'ertandthePhilharmonicare

tosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenew

audienceithopestoattract.

nfromParagraph1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas.

[A]incurredcriticism[B]raidsuspicion

[C]receivedacclaim[D]aroudcuriosity

iniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois.

[A]influential[B]modest

[C]respectable[D]talented

horbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers.

[A]ignoretheexpensofliveperformances

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances

ingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

ingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels.

[A]doubtful[B]enthusiastic

[C]confident[D]puzzled

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hixplanationwas

thancloakinghixitintheusualvagueexcus,hecamerightout

andsaidhewasleaving"topursuemygoalofrunningacompany."Broadcastinghisambitionwas

"verymuchmydecision,"twoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththe

boardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember

29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindof

ntaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.

AndMcGeeisn'ntweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquit

dsscrutinizesuccessionplans

inrespontoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.A

turbulentbusinesnvironmentalsohasniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncements

cloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomake

hirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervous

boardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,conomypicksup,

opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedrs

executivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesarethe

rn/FerryniorpartnerDennisCarey:"Ican'tthinkofasingle

archI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst."

Thowhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'arram

quitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeago,yearbeforeshe

WillumstadleftCitigroupin

llytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthree

yearslater.

ancialcrisishasmade

itmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone."Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssaferto

staywhereyouare,butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,"saysoneheadhunter."Thepeople

who'vebeenhurttheworstarethowho'vestayedtoolong."

Geeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing.

[A]arrogant[B]frank[C]lf-centered[D]impulsive

ingtoParagraph2,niorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby.

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals

d"poached"(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans.

[A]approvedof[B]attendedto[C]huntedfor[D]guarded

against

einferredfromthelastparagraphthat.

[A]topperformersudtoclingtotheirposts

[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations

[D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules

fthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?

[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet

[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

Text3

er.

Whiletraditional"paid"media—suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertiments—still

playamajorrole,ers

passionateaboutaproductmaycreate"earned"mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,anda

companymayleverage"owned"mediabyndinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalesto

consumersnowapproachtheprocessofmaking

purchadecisionsmeansthatmarketing'simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyond

conventionalpaidmedia.

Pained

media,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforurs’omecas,onemarketer's

ownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia—forinstance,whenane-commerceretailer

nesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhotrafficissostrong

thatotherorganiz

trend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviders

n&Johnson,forexample,hascreated

BabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitive

sgeneratingincome,theprenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteemobjective,

givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’

marketing,andmayhelpexpandurtrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmore

diver)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreadtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoice

theiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,jackedmediaare

theoppositeofearnedmedia:anastorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,other

stakeholders,sof

socialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthe

businessthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,putting

aca,thecompany'sresponmaynotbe

sufficientlyquickorthoughtful,Motor,forexample,

alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisiarlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-

orchestratedsocial-mediaresponcampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumers

directlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.[443words]

ersmaycreate"earned"mediawhentheyare.

[A]obsdwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailsnttothem

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts

[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts

ingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature.

[A]asafebusinesnvironment[B]randomcompetition

[C]strongurtraffic[D]flexibilityinorganization

horindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia.

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers

[B]canbeudtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing

[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition

[D]derveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem

Motor’xperienceiscitedasanexampleof.

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia

fthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

Text4

It'snosurprithatJenniferSenior'sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,"IloveMy

Children,IHateMyLife,"isarousingmuchchatter—nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestion

thatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfilling,than

concludingthatchildrenmakeparentitherhappyormirable,Seniorsuggestsweneedto

redefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-

momentjoy,oughtheday-to-day

experienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat"theverythingsthatinthe

momentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintengratificationanddelight."

Themagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonly

realsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive—

andnewlysingle—momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual"JenniferAnistonispregnant"news.

Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthe

newsstands.

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyou

regrethavingchildreniquivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn'temquite

fair,then,yparentsrarely

areprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn'thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebothered

withthemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheir

mirymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.

Ofcour,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeopleprent

ishugelyunrealistic,ingto

veralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsarethe

kthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiakidwithoutapartner

toleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir"own"(read:withround-

the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.

It'shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauRee

andAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:

it'sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancing

parenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththe

actualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting"theRachel"mightmake

uslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.[450words]

erSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring.

[A]temporarydelight[B]enjoymentinprogress

[C]happinessinretrospect[D]lastingreward

nfromParagraph2that.

[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip

[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdervegreaterattention

[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesintertaining

[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic

ggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks.

[A]areconstantlyexpodtocriticism.

[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.

[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.

[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.

ingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis.

[A]soothing[B]ambiguous.

[C]compensatory[D]misleading.

fthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.

[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.

[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.

[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.

PartB

Directions:

stions41—45,youarerequiredto

reorganizethoparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA—Gtofillingtheminto

uranswerson

ANSWERSHEET1．(10points)

[A]Nodisciplineshaveizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.

Youcan,pointsout,

prisingly,uptohalf

ofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.

[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.

Thearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorin

businesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%r,manyleadingAmerican

universitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthatevery

tfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata"generaleducation"

ard,notes,"thegreatbooksarereadbecautheyhavebeen

read"—theyformasortofsocialglue.

[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyentered

partlybecauuniversitiescontinueto

erstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:English

departmentsawardedmorebachelor'

,attheendofadecadeofthesis-writing,manyhumanities

studentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.

[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursisthattheycutacrossthe

insistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artducationsandprofessionaleducation

shouldbekeptparate,udentxperiencebothvarieties.

AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,future

doctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingona

professionalqualification.

[E]Besidesprofessionalisingtheprofessionsbythisparation,topAmericanuniversitieshave

wthinpublicmoneyforacademicrearchhasspeededthe

process:federalrearchgrantsrofourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghours

sionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegree

intoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessors

keyideabehindprofessionalisation,,isthat"the

knowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.

"Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsooverthe

productionoftheproducersofknowledge.

[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,,istoalterthewayinwhich

"theproducersofknowledgeareproduced."Otherwi,academicswillcontinuetothink

dangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateand

critici."Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedtobecomelesxclusionaryandmore

holistic."Yetquitehowthathappens,doesnotsay.

[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistancein

theAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoral

ethingcurioushasbeenhappeningin

AmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captures

itskillfully.

G→41．→42．→E→43．→44．→45．

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowi

translationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2．(10points)

Withitsthemethat"Mindisthemasterweaver,"creatingourinnercharacterandouter

circumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentral

ideaoflf-helpwriting.

(46)Allen'scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare—thatbecauwearenot

robotswethereforecontrolourthoughts—emostofus

believethatmindisparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;

r,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmind

generatesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusion

ofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:

"WhycannotImakemylfdothisorachievethat?"

Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbytheprenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,

Allenconcluded:"Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare."Achievementhappensbecau

youasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t"get"s

nogapbetweenmindandmatter.

PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat"Circumstancesdonotmakeaperson,

theyrevealhim."(48)Thisemsajustificationforneglectofthoinneed,andarationalizationof

exploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoatthebottom.

This,however,tofcircumstances,

howeverbad,umstancesalwaysdeterminedthelife

andprospectsofpeople,,(49)circumstances

emtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen"wronged"thenwe

heless,asanybiographer

knows,aperson’arlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.

ThesoberingaspectofAllen'sbookisthatwehavenooneeltoblameforourprent

conditionexceptourlves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverything

isuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwebecomeauthoritiesof

whatispossible.

SectionⅠWriting

PartA

ions:

Writealettertoafriendofyoursto

1)recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand

2)givereasonsforyourrecommendation

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2．

"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

ions:

essay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2．(20points)

2011年全真试题答案

SectionⅠUofEnglish

1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A

45．B12.C13.D14.C15.B16.D17.A18.D19.A20.C

SectionⅠReadingComprehension

PartA

Text121.C22.B23.D24.B25.A

Text226.B27.D28.C29.A30.C

Text331.D32.C33.B34.A35.A

Text436.C37.D38.A39.D40.B

PartB

41.B42.D43.A44.C45.F

PartC

46．艾伦的贡献在于，他拿出“我们并非机器人，因此能掌控自己的思想”这一公认的假

设，并揭示了其谬误所在。

47．尽管我们或许可以仅凭意识来维系“控制”这种错觉，现实中我们还是不断要面对一

个问题：“我为什么不能让自己做这件事情或实现那个目标呢？”

48．这种说法似乎为忽视那些需要帮助的人找到了一个正当的理由，使剥削合理，使上

层人优越，使底层人卑微。

49．环境仿佛就是为了激发我们的最大潜能而设，如果我们总感觉自己遭受了“不公”，

就不太可能有意识地去努力摆脱自己的处境。

50．好的一面是，既然命运掌握在自己手中，那么就有无限的可能性。以前，我们能够

熟练应对各种限制，现在我们完全把握着可能发生的一切。

SectionⅠWriting

27.略。

28.略。