thedays

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现在完成时

现在完成时是强调目前，即强调过去的动作对目前造成的影响和后果，或强调动作本

身或状态持续到现在，因此属于现在范畴。

一、形式

（一）肯定式I(we,you,they)have+动作过去分词

she(he,it)has+动词过去分词

（二）否定式havenot+动词过去分词

hasnot+动词过去分词

（三）疑问式Have主语+动词过去分词

Has主语+动词过去分词

将下列句子改成否定句，一般疑问句：

ehasworkedinthesupermarketforquiteafewyears.

justboughtsomecoffee.

eentheshortplaybefore.

ricanengineerhaslearnedRussianbefore.

lreadyhadhisbreakfast.

ldrenhavealreadystartedlearningEnglish.

二、用法

（一）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果与影响。它常与already,just,yet,ever,never

等副词连用。例如：

Theyhavealreadyboughtalotthings.

HehasneverbeentotheSouthPole.

将下列句子改成一般疑问句和特殊疑问句：

tainhasalreadyshownusaroundtheship.

2

vealreadyoffereduspeanutsandfruit.

entistshavetupabaattheSouthPole.

hasgonetotheGreatWallstation.

sneverbeentoBritain.

（二）表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还有可能延续下去。它往往和

since或for构成的时间状语连用。例如：

IhavestudiedEnglishforayear.

IhavestudiedEnglishsincelastyear.

用since或for填空：

manteacherhasworkedinChina________quiteafewyears.

sworkedasataxidriver________abouttenyears.

asworkedasshopassistant________1992.

studiedEnglish________aboutfiveyears.

vestudiedEnglish________aboutfiveyearsago.

smadealotoffriends________hecametoChina.

7.________lastJanuary,thecityhasdevelopeditstelephonervicesquickly.

eenaYouthLeaguemember________twoyears.

用所给动词的现在完成时填空：

______________(rain)foraweek.

’tknowthiswoman.I_______________(never,meet)her.

3.–Let’sgotothecinema.

--No,I_____________(already,e)thefilm.

_____________(notfinish)uwaitaminute?

______________(notcome)bebackinaminute.

,he_____________(be)theretentimes.

_______________(alreadyturn)offthelights.

______________(justleave)forLondon.

9.__________youever__________(visit)theSummerPalace?

____________(notclean)theclassroomyet.

11.I____________________(be)inBeijingforhalfayear.

___________________(know)eachothersince1970.

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astfiftyyears,scientists____________________(be)ableto“e”fartherand

fartherinthesky.

____________________(have)thispairofshoesforthreeyears.

g__________he__________(be)aLeaguemember?

改变句型：

Model:,learnChinepainting,lastyear

-slearnedChinepaintingsincelastyear.

-HehaslearnedChinepaintingforayear.

,teachEnglish,1980

,workasanengineer,2000

,studyGerman,1979

man,workinthelibrary,January

ang,beintheYouthLeague,lastweek

[补充说明]

1．有些动词如be，know，e，have等都是状态动词和持续性动词，因此可以与表示从

过去某时延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间状语连用。例如forfiveyears,since

1960,thelasttwoyears,inthepasttenyears,thedays等。这类动词还有work,live,teach,

learn,stay,rain等。

2．一些表示短暂性动作的词，即瞬间性动词，它们所表示的动作不能延续。用于完成时，

不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如join,become,leave,go,come,buy,borrow,die,

arrive,begin等。如一定要表示动作的持续，要与一段时间状语连用，则必须改成由连

系动词加表语的结构来代替。例如：

become–bea…join–bea

leave–beawaybegin–beon

3．have(has)gone与have(has)beento的区别

have(has)gone表示已到某地去了。强调主语已离开，不在讲话的地方了。

have(has)beento表示曾到过某地。强调主语的经验，或主语可能在讲话处。

用havegone,havebeen填空：

1.A:Ihaven’__________you__________?

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B:Oh,I____________________toBeijing.

A:___________________theremanytimes.

B:Yes.

2.A:Isyourbrotherin?

B:No.

A:Where__________he__________?

B:He____________________totheCapitalStadium.

students_______________tothecinema.

4．have(has)beenin与have(has)beento的区别

have(has)beenin表示在某地呆了多久了。可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。

Have(has)beento表示曾到过某地，不能与一段时间的状语连用。

两者表示的意义不同，所跟的时间状语也不同。例如：

HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoGuangzhou?Threetimes.

HowlonghaveyoubeeninGuangzhou?Fortwoyears.

用havebeen(to),havebeen(in),havegone填空：

’sJohn?

He__________just__________totheteachers’office.

outellmehowtogettothestation?

I’’t.I__________never__________tothestation.

3.__________youraunt__________toAustralia?

____________thecapitalofAustraliafortwomonths.

on’tknowBostonverywellbecauthey__________thereonlyonce.

5.___________you___________thePalaceMuum?

Yes,I__________thePalaceMuummanytimes.

e__________bebackthisyear.

woman’__________illforamonth.

uenmyaunt?__________backforoveraweek.

__________you__________?Ihavelookedforyouforhalfaday.

选择填空：

()’stelephonedthepolice,____she?

’’’’t

()2.A:Areyoustilllookingforyourwatch?B:No,I____it.

und

’nd

()eywrittentoeachother____?

ksago

()4.A:Haveyougotanewcar?B:Yes,I’ve____boughtone.

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()Igiveittohimnow?He____tothecountryfortheholidays.

e

()ousscientists____Beijingfortwodays.

enawayfrom

()ever____’llgoforavisitnextsummer.

d

()8.____havetheyvisitedthemuum?Twice.

ytimes

()ghaveyouknownJack?-____.

1998

1998

5．现在完成时与一般过去时比较

1）意义上的区别

一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作和状态，和现在不发生任何联系，着眼于过去；通

常伴有表示过去的时间。

而现在完成时尽管也表示动作发生在过去，但重点强调是与现在的联系或表示到现在

为止动作已经结束，影响和结果依然存在；或表示带现在为止动作仍然在继续。着眼与现

在，属于现在时范畴。

2）时间状语的区别

一般过去时，只能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday,lastweek,threemonthsago,

justnow,in1960等。

而现在完成时属于现在范畴。因此只能与表示到现在为止的时间状语连用。如thedays,

uptonow(迄今为止),recently(近来),since1960等。

3）用法比较

（1）Whohasopenedthedoor?谁把门打开的？（门现在开着）

Whoopenedthedoor?是谁开的门？（与现在无任何联系）

（2）Hehaslivedheresince1970.

Helivedherein1970.

Haveyoueverenthefilm?–Yes,Ihave.

Whendidyouethefilm?–Isawityesterday.

用所给动词的一般过去时或现在完成时填空：

__________(study)____________(study)Englishwhen

shewasten.

ng___________(go)__________(go)thereanhourago.

___________(nevere)snowinherlife.

sthe14thofJuly.I___________(buy)thisbiketwoweeksago.I__________(have)

thisbikesincethebeginningofthismonth.I___________(have)itfortwoweeks.

5.－___________you__________(do)muchtraveling?

－otravel.

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－Whatcountries__________you__________(visit)?

－Well,I__________(be)toIndia,Americaandothercountries.

－I__________(neverbe)__________(be)youinIndia?

－Twoyearsago.I__________(alsovisit)Australia.I__________(take)atriptoAustralia

aboutsixyearsago.

n’__________(notfinish)theworkyet.

__________(live)inShanghaifrom1968to1980.

8.__________thenewprogrammes__________(start)yet?No.

’tgetinbecauhe__________(lo)thekey.

ytimes__________you__________(phone)methedays?__________you

__________(phone)methismorning?

hanges__________(takeplace)inthovillagesinthelasttwoyears.

12.A:_________you_________(read)astorybyMarkTwain?

B:Yes,I__________(read)onelastterm.

__________(make)overtwentymodelssincelast

September.