night changes

1

Describingchangesandtrends/tendencies

statistics

figures/numbers,percentage

index

diagram/graph

*barchart

*piechart

*linegraphorline/curvechart

Trendwords/phras

*Describinganupwardtrend↑

Verbs/Verbphras:

up,increa,ri,grow,improve,goup,etc.

Nouns:

increa,ri,growth,etc.

*Describingandownwardtrend↓

Verbs/verbphras:

down,decrea,fall,drop,dip,decline,godown,etc.

Nouns:

decrea,fall,drop,dip,decline,etc.

*Describinganunchangedstate→

leveloff/levelout,remainsteady/stable/static/stationary/unchanged/thesame,etc.

*UpsandDowns

fluctuatev.

fluctuationn.

2

Somemoretrendwords

Thepriceofsugarhasbeenup.

Lastyearthecompany'sturnoverwas$240billion,

up3%on(=comparedwith)thepreviousyear.

Thedollarhasbeenclimbing(up)steadilyallweek.

Thecompany'sresultsshowahugejumpinprofits.

Pricesjumped(by)60%lastyear.

Thepricesofnewcarshavesoared.新车价格暴涨。

Houpriceshadsoaredafurthertwentypercent.

Rentsinthatcityhaveshotupinthelastfewmonths．

Salesshotupby9%lastmonth.

*ashoot-upn.

rocketv.

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ascendv.

ascentn.

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*Unemploymentpeakedat8.1%inJune.

(reachthe/apeak)

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Thelevelofunemploymentisdown.

Houvaluesmaybegintoslide.

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Sharepricesplungedasaresultofthegloomyeconomicforecast.

Shareshaveplungedfrom£17to£7.55.

Houpriceshaveplummetedinthisarea.

Profitsplummetedfrom£49millionto£11million.

Thisbroughtaboutaheavyslumpinprices.

Carsaleshaveslumpeddramaticallyoverthepastyear.

*crash

Thepriceofrubbercollapdwithinayear.

Sharepricescollapd(=becamelowersuddenly)afternewsofpoortrading.

3

.

Thestorehalveditspricesduringthebigsale.

*bottomv./reachbottom

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YesterdaymorningsharesemedtorecoverfromMonday'scollap.

recovery

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Thepriceofvegetablesfluctuatesaccordingtotheweather.

Thepricefluctuatesbetween$5and$6.

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Priceswerevolatile,fluctuatingbetween$20and$40.

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*Adverbs(withverbs)thathelptodescribechanges

slightly,steadily,

sharply,dramatically,greatly,strongly,considerably,

significantly,obviously,noticeably,

verely,surprisingly,etc.

slowly,rapidly,gradually,continuously,etc.

*Adjectives(withnouns)thathelptodescribechanges

slight,steady,gradual,sharp,considerable,dramatic,significant,

great,slow,rapid,vere,obvious,noticeable,etc.

*SentencePatterns

t+verb(+adv.)

Thecostoftheprojecthasincreaddramatically/significantlysinceitbegan.

Thepopulationincreaddramaticallyinthefirsthalfofthecentury.

Theeconomyhasgrownsteadilyoverthelasttenyears.

ThenumberofpeopleekingasylumintheUnitedKingdomhasrinsharply.

4

Thedivorceratehasrinsteadilysincethe1950s.

Priceshaverinsteadilyduringthepastdecade.

Priceshavegoneupagain.

Priceshaverinsteadily.

Unemploymenthasgoneupagain.

Thepriceofcigarettesisgoingup.

Carsalesaredecreasing.

Ourshareofthemarkethasdecreadsharplythisyear.

Thepriceoffoodhasfallen.

Thenumberofchildrenintheschoolhasdecreadthisyear.

Demandfornewcarshasfallenduetotherecession.

Thestandardofhisworkhasfallenduringtheyear.

Thetemperaturehasdroppeddrastically.

Sharepricesfellsharplythisweek.

Therateofinflationwasfalling.

Thepriceofeggshasgonedown.

Hisbloodpressurehaddroppedverely

Incomefromsalestaxwentdown...

Thepriceofpetrolisgoingdown/Petrolisgoingdown(inprice).

Thenumberofdeathsontheroadshasdroppedsharply.

Temperaturesdropquitedramaticallyatnight,sobringsomewarmclothing.

e(+adjective)+noun+in+subject

Therehasbeenamarkedincreaintheuoffirearms.

Therewasasteadyincreainpopulation.

Therewillbeariinunemploymentnextyear.

There'sbeenariinthenumberofarrestsfordrugoffences.

Therewasadecreainthenumberofchildreninschool.

Therehasbeenasteadydecreaoftemperature.

Therehasbeenadecreainourimports.

Therehasbeenasteadydecreainthenumberofvisitors.

Therehasbeenadecreainourimports.

Therehasbeenasteadydecreainpopulationinthiscity.

Therehasbeenafallinthepriceoffood.

TherewasafallinsupportfortheRepublicanpartyatthelastelection.

5

Thereisadeclineinrealwages.

Therehasbeenadeclineinthesizeoffamilies.

We'veenanenormousgrowthinthenumberofbusinessusingtheWeb.

Theareahasenarapidpopulationgrowth.

Lastyearsawasharpincreainproductivity.

Augusthasenalargeriinthenumberofunemployed.

Themarkethasshownannualgrowthof20percentforveralyears.

Theresultsshowedasharpdropinprofits.

th.

Weareexpectingafallinstockprices.

Manufacturersreportabigdropinneworders.

Thedropinpriceswasquiteunexpected.

gures

Subject+verb(+adverb)+by+figure(by+变化的幅度)

Therateofinflationhasincreadby2%.

Japan'sindustrialoutputincreadby2%.

Foodpricesincreadby10%inlessthanayear.

Thelaborforceixpectedtogrowby2%nextyear.

Salesofnewcarsgrewby10%lastyear.

Inflationisrisingat/by2.1%amonth.

Salesroby20%overtheChristmasperiod.

Priceshavegoneup61percentsincederegulation.

Studentnumbershavedecreadby500.

Averagehoupricesdecreadby13%lastyear.

Populationgrowthisdecreasingby1.4%eachyear...

Productioncostsfellby30%.

Salariesinthepublicctorareexpectedtofallby15%thisyear.

Averagetemperaturesfellbytendegrees.

Outputwillfallby6%...

BetweenJulyandAugust,oilproductpricesfell0.2percent...

Carsaleshavedeclinedbyaquarter.

Employmentisholdingsteadyat96%.

6

Crimehasgonedown70percent.

gures

Therebe(+adjective)+noun+in+subject+of+figure

(of+变化幅度)

Therewasanincreaofnearly50%over/onlastyear

Hewillgetapayriofnearly£4,000.

TheirindustrialoutputwentdownagaininDecember,

whichmeantafallof2.2%overtheyear.

V.

Subject+verb(+adverb)+to/atfigure(to+变化的结果/终点)

/Subject+verb(+adverb)+fromfiguretofigure

(from+变化的起点)

/Therebe(+adjective)+noun+insubject,fromfiguretofigure

tolevelout/offat+figure

topeakat+figure

tofluctuatebetween….and….

Thepopulationofthecityhasrintofivemillion.

Theaveragecostofanewhouhasgoneupby5%to$76500.

ExportsinJunero1.5%toarecord$30.91billion...

Thecosthasgoneupto$1.95aminute...

By1881,thepopulationofIrelandhaddecreadto5.2million.

Thenumberofsubscribershadfallento1000.

Thetemperaturewentdowntominustenlastnight.

Unemploymentdeclinedto4percentlastmonth.

Thecompany'sshareswentdown7pto53p.

Thetemperaturecouldfallbelowzeroovernight.

Thepoundhasfallentoitslowest-everlevelagainstthedollar.

7

Herweightfelltoundervenstones.

Thepopulationhasincreadfrom1.2million10yearsagoto1.8millionnow.

Thenumberofstudentsatthecollegehasgrownfrom200toover500.

Therearchbudgetrofrom£175,000in1999to£22.5millionin2001.

Pre-taxprofitsrofrom£842,000to£1.82m...

TheNorth'sshareoftheworld'nergyconsumptionixpectedtodecreafrom70%to60%.

Thenumberofindependentfirmsdecreadfrom198to96.

Bankbarateshavefallenfrom10percentto6percent-adecreaof40percent.

Advertisingrevenuefellfrom$98.5millionto$93.3million.

Thepriceof14inchesTVtdeclinedfrom$400to$320each.

Thenumberofstaffhasdeclinedfrom217,000to114,000...

Averagelifeexpectancywentdownfromabout70to67.

Theirshareofthemarketdroppedto50percentthisyear.

Profitswentupto£24million,ariof16%.

Thecompanyispreparingforzerogrowth(=nogrowth)thisyear.

therapidgrowthofworldpopulation

angedstate

*remain(steady,stable,stationary,etc.)

Mostcommentatorxpectthebasicrateoftaxtoremainat25%.

Thefactremainsthatinflationisunacceptablyhigh.

Pricesremainsteadyallthetime.物价一直保持着稳定。

Sharevalueshaveleveledoffafteryesterday'ssteepri.

股票价格经昨天急剧上扬后已趋平稳.

Houpricesnowemtobelevelingoffafterthesteeprisofthelastfewyears.

Unemploymentroto10%andthenleveledoff.

Inflationisfinallylevelingoutataround11%amonth.

Aftergoingupforhalfayear，thecostoflivingleveledoffinSeptember．

物价上涨了半年之后，在9月份稳定了。

Productionhasleveledoffnowandwedon'texpecttoincreait．

8

现在生产已经稳定，我们并不期望增加生产。

*steady稳定的,不变的

Thepriceoffruitsremainssteady.水果的价格保持稳定。

Pricesarerisingsteadily.物价正持续上涨.

*steadily稳定地;不断地

Unemploymenthasrinsteadily.

失业者不断增加。

Theproductionoftheirfactorygoessteadilyupward.

他们工厂的生产稳步上升。

Thenumberofpeoplegoingtothecinemaemstodwindlesteadily.

看电影的人数似乎在逐渐下降。

*sharp

sharply突然地，急剧地，强烈地

asharpdropinprices价格的暴跌

asharpriincrime犯罪率的急剧上升.

*slight

slightly轻微的/轻微地

*dramatic

dramatically剧烈的/剧烈地

Computershavebroughtdramaticchangestotheworkplace.

Universitieshavesufferedadramaticdropinstudentnumbers.

Inflationhasrin/fallensharply.

Yourlifechangesdramatically(=verysuddenlyandnoticeably)whenyouhaveababy.

Outputhasincreaddramatically.

*significant

significantly重要地;重大地;可观地:

Sharepricesshowedsignificantadvancestoday.

今日股票价格大幅上涨.

9

Profitshaverinsignificantly.

利润已大大提高了.

ThenumberofMPsnowsupportinghimhadincreadsignificantly.

*about,around,approximately,nearly,

morethan,lessthan,over,

(yuan:renminbiyuan)

*gasprice58yuanlastmonth68yuanthismonth

Thegaspricehasrin/incread/grown/goneupsharply.

Thegaspricehasrinsharplyby10yuan/nearly20%.

Thegaspricehasrinto68yuanthismonth.

Thegaspricehasrinby10yuan,

from58yuanlastmonthto68yuanthismonth.

Therehasbeenari/anincrea/agrowthingasprice.

Therehasbeenasharpri/growthingasprice.

Therehasbeenasharpriof10yuaningasprice.

Therehasbeenasharpriof10yuaningasprice,

from58yuanlastmonthto68yuanthismonth.

Thismonthsawasharpriingaspriceof10yuan.

*temperature20degreesCelsiustomorrow25degreesCelsiustonight

Thetemperaturewilldropsignificantlyto20degreesCelsiustomorrow.

Thetemperaturewilldropby5degreesto20degreesCelsiustomorrow.

Thetemperaturewilldropfrom25tonightto20tomorrow.

Therewillbeasignificantdropintemperatureof5degrees.

Therewillbeasignificantdropintemperature,from…..to…..

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Themostsuccessfulproductwasadventuregames.

Salesincreadsteadilyfrom30%to45%intheperiodfrom1995to1998.

Therewasstronggrowthinactiongamesforthefirstthreeyearsofthesameperiod.

Theypeakedat25%in1997butdroppedsharplyin1998.

Salesofsportsgamesfellfrom25%to15%in1996thenlevelledoffin1997

10

androto20%in1998.

Salesofothercomputergamesremainedsteadyat10%in1995and1996,

fellslightlyin1997andthenrecoveredin1998.