特别感谢俞炳丰老师的授课及教材,本索引基本出自俞老师
的课本。
A
A lot of
口语表达,论文中应避免。若要表达“许多”的意思,可用many, much, a great deal of。
Above
可表示前面提到之意,但限于一个段落或前几个句子。对于很靠前的,可用***
introduced earlier。
Adopt and adapt
前者,采用,沿用。
后者,适应,修改。
We shall adopt vantasy’s method, but we must adapt it.
Affect
及物动词,对……起作用,影响。区别于effect, 其为动词时,是实现,达到,引起,
产生之意,为名词时,是效果,操作之意,常用作名词。
…affected the reaction rate.
…had effect on the reaction rate.
Alternate and alternative
前者,轮流,交替发生或出现。
后者,二者中择一,数种可能之一。
Alternatively 为另作选择之意。
Alternatively, we can adopt the following algorithm.
Although
不能同时出现其与but二词。
Among
常用词,毋庸赘述。
From among,从几个可能的选择中选出其中一个项目。
This algorithm lects the optimal solution from among all possible ……
Amount and number
A large amount of +不可数名词
A large number of +可数名词
Anymore
科技论文中,还是不要同他了,换成no longer 比较好。
The computer no longer works.
Apparently
最好不要用,若要表示显然,宛然,俨然之意,可用clearly, obviously。
Appendix
若只有一个附录,则用文章中应用the appendix,若有多个,则用Appendix A, Appendix
B.
Approach
作为及物动词时,不可在其后加to。
作为名词时,后加to及另一个名词或动名词,以修饰approach。
As follows
如下,也可用the following, as shown below。
当介绍新的小节时,应使用we will discuss this problem below或者in the next ction,
此时就不能用as follows了。
As mentioned
As mentioned above 几个段落或几页之前
As mentioned previously 前一二段刚叙述过的内容
As just mentioned 前几个句子提到过的内容
若想要表的更为精确(当然在科技论文中推荐精确的表达方法),可采用as mentioned in
the preceding ction.
As you know and as we know
累赘,若在科技论文中出现,会显得比较雷……
As well as
与and不尽相同,并列时强调前一项。
Aspect
累赘,该砍掉。
Assume
Assume to be,不能写成assume as。
The pressure is assumed to be 3MPa。
Assure
跳查ensure。
At
in table 2, in figure 4, in row y in the matrix.
以上短语统统不能用at。
At first
起初
At last
终于
B
Bad on
若句首出现bad on 开头的过去分词短语,则必须注意过去分词表示的被动行为对象
是句子中的主语。
因此我们可以使用on the basis of, by, from, according to来代替bad on,以更清楚的表
达基于的意思。
From Eq. (1), it is obtained that…
On the basis of the experimental results, we conclude that…
The experimental results show that…
According to the conventional method using Lagrange multipliers, the …
If we
apply the conventional method using Lagrange multipliers, we can…
若以bad on 开头的分词确实可以修饰句子的主语,则可以放于句首。
还可以用于缩短长名词。
A computer system that is bad on an 8084b microprocessor 缩短为 an 8084b‐bad
computer system.
Basically
不可滥用
Becau of the fact that
直接简写为becau
Belong
想表示某个项目属于某种类型时,应使用to fall into the category of , to be a form of, to
be the classified as。
This problem can be classified as a nonlinear programming problem.
This problem is a type of nonlinear programming problem
Besides
不要用,若想表达此外之意,可用in addition, moreover, furthermore
Better
啥是better?怎么个好法?好在哪?好多少?因此我们还是应该使用更精确的词。
The gas turbine is more efficient than the steam engine.
Our algorithm is faster than the conventional one.
Build
表示建造,用construct更为恰当。
But
在句首表示然而、但是之意,应使用however。
C
Call
Call后面不加as,但refer to 后面必须加as
They will call this installation Heat Pump Dryer.
They will refer to this … as …
Ca
作为情况、事例时,紧跟在ca后面的关系代词或关系副词,必须使用in which或when.
Change
在一段长时间内的变化,后面的介词是in,而不是of。
The changes in the liquid pressure in the …
Choo … as
We choo six inches as the fan diameter of the …
We specify the fan diameter of the … as six inches.
The fan diameter of the … is specified as six inches.
The fan diameter of … is t to be six inches.
Classical
Classical 强调所指的理论或方法是经过时间的考验证明为有价值的,被学着广为承认的。
Traditional指传统、惯例,使用已久,不过可能已有人提出了新的方法或理论。
Conventional则表示时下最流行的理论与方法。
Compare
Compare … to 是指两个根本不同的事物的相同之处。
Compare … with 是两个相同事物的相异之处。
Compensate
直接加宾语时,宾语应是受到补偿的人或事物。
表达补充、抵消的意思时,后面要加for
This mechanism compensates for the slower speed of the genetic algorithm.
Complete
是及物动词。
The students completed a circuit experiment.
Compri
包含、包括、由…组成,不能使用is comprid of 这个用法。
A refrigeration system compris four main components.
Conclusion
常用state conclusion 或 prent conclusions来搭配。
不用make conclusion和give conclusions。
Finally, we state a conclusion in ction 5.
The final ction states the conclusion of the paper.
Consider
相信,视为,其后不加as,或者采用regard as及view as.
The wall temperature may be considered a constant.
The wall temperature may be regarded as a constant.
评价,讨论,考虑,其后可加as。
Contrary
查阅on the contrary
Currently
查阅recently
Criteria
其单数形式为criterion.
D
Data
Data是datum的复数形式。
Decide
选择,判断。
表示确定,辨识,定义之意时,则应该使用determine
Defect
瑕疵,毛病。
但是即使有缺点,也未必是有毛病,因此可用shortcoming, disadvantage, drawback表
示缺点。
Defined
在to be defined 中,若其后紧跟定义的具体内容,则应该使用介词as。然而若其后紧
跟表示方式的状语介词短语应使用in或者by。
错的:The A is defined as equation (1).
正确:The A is defined in …The A is defined by …
若想说明前面已定义过的变量,则用:
The solution is 3A, where A is as defined in …
definition之后是of
The definition of … was stated on chapter2
Demonstrate
清楚示范,证明。与illustrates, depicts, prents含义不同。
Denote
代表,指,并出现在被动语态的句子中,其后加by,而不是as
而refer to 后面要加as
In table 2, the … is denoted by q.
Depict
用图画表示,不如用describe表示描述。
Desire
表示需求时,不要既用desire有用被动语态。
Detail
Describe in detail是详细描述,也可写为a detailed description
Details
The details will be described in the next ction.
这样写不好,因为没说清楚是什么的details
可用以下句子
The … will be described in detail in the next ction.
The details of … will be …
A detailed description of … will be …
Different
后面紧跟from。
Display
Display, show, exhibit作动词时,都可用来表示呈现,显示之意,但表示提出时,应用
prent。Show常用在以图表表示。
Due to
只能用于修饰名词。作为介词引出原因状语从句的因该是owing to和becau of 。
E
e.g.
exempli gratia的所写。
Ensure
确保。
Insure特指防止财务上的损失。
Assure是承诺,保证。
Equal
作为动词时,不加介词
The depth of … equals 10m
作为形容词是,加to。
The kilometer is equal to 1000 meters.
Especially
表示尤其,特别时,常用in particular或者 particularly.
不过especially可以用来修饰形容词。
etc.
不能用在such as, including, for example, e.g.开头的一系列句子的结尾。
Exist
不太自然,建议使用其他词表示有,在内,包含。
F
Famous
使用well‐known比famous恰当
A well‐known approach to …
Farther and further
前者指距离上更远,后者指时间或数量上更多跟进一步。
Form and formulate
前者既是及物动词,也是不及物动词,意指形成,制作,作成,组成。
后者是及物动词,是用公式表示,明确表达,规划,正式提出之意。
The prent study attempts to formulate a geometry ….
G
Get
不够正式,应该使用obtain, have, derive, achieve,
Give
不够正式,应使用state, prent, propo
H
Happen
用occur更切当
They did not obrve what occurred as the experiment proceeded.
Her
用its
However
可是,然而,必须用逗号。
However, today’s petroleum prices have been the lowest in …
无论如何, 不用加逗号。
However hard he tries, he will never succeed.
I
Idea
The idea of不宜使用,若要表示背后的基本概念时,应使用the idea behind, the idea
underlying
The main idea behind the propod method is …
The main idea underlying the propod method is ….
Illustrate
其宾语应该是一个论点或方法。
In this ca
或者in that ca,若是这样的话。
Indicate
指出,表示,不要与denote, reprent, stand for(代表)混淆
In other words
换言之
In order to
省略为to
It should be noted that
从图表中可看出
否则的话,就省略为note that
Introduce
尽量用explain, describe, state代替。
We will describe the advantage of …
We will state the disadvantage of …
K
O(∩_∩)O
O(╯□╰)o
( ⊙ o ⊙ )
L
Latter and former
前者,前面曾经提到的两个项目中的第二个项目
后者,指称两个项目中的第一个项目。
Less
见fewer
Less than
正确写法是with a … of less than sth, 这才是完整的写法
They obtained a result with an error of less than the size of the cell.
With a diameter of
With the increa in
Let
不要用let’s
且不能用逗号。
Let k=2; …
Let k=2. …
M
Make
别用
Match
不用,若要表示一致之意,应用agree
The computed lift coefficients agree with the experiment data.
… are in good agreement with the ….
… are consistent with the …
The experiment data confirm the accuracy of the computed lift coefficients.
Method for
We lected the method for solving this problem.
We lected the method of solving this problem.
Modern
表示现代技术,则用contemporary
More than one
后接单数名词
N
Notation
符号,标志。
表示一整组符号式,不可数名词。
表示一个特定的符号式,可数名词,并写写为复数形式。不过此时使用types of notation
或者symbols更为恰当。
O
Obvious and obviously
前者,清楚,显而易见,同clear
后者,不自然,应改为clearly, significantly
On the contrary
On the contrary用于否定或反驳前一个分句所提出的论点。
He argues that this strategy has incread sales. On the contrary, sales revenue has dropped
20% since the strategy was adopted.
In contrast (by contrast) 用于介绍一个与前一句所陈述的观点前列对照的新观点。
Approach A provides high speed at the cost of incread memory requirement. In contrast,
approach B is slower
but requires much less memory.
On the other hand 和 in comparison 是用来提出新的信息并与前一句提到的信息作比
较。类似于in contrast.
Otherwi
除非所指的事物非常清楚,否则不应该用otherwi。
P
Performance
除非读者对性能的含义早就了解或者文中对其已有定义,否则不应该使用。
When this technique is adopted, the accuracy of the system increa greatly.
Phenomena
复数,其单数为phenomenon
类似于performance,应该用更具体的词汇描述。
Preci
精确,精密。
Accurate指准确,正确。
Prent and propo
均有提出之意
但前者还有提出来给他人参考之意
后者还有建议,推荐之意。
论文中推荐的方法或技术,the propod method, the propod technique
Principal and principle
前者,主要的,首要的。
The principal algorithm applied is GA.
后者,原理,原则。
Later papers discusd the u of the principle for engines.
Prove
除非是法律,数学,否则不用,太强烈了
可用confirm, verify
R
Reason is that
不如使用this is becau
Recently
还有currently都不要放在句首,比价别扭
Many rearchers have investigated … recently.
… is currently attracting a great deal of attention.
Refer
主动态的祈使句。
………, refer to (Vantasy, 2009)
称为refer to … as或者…is refer to as …
Rearch
使用rearch on,不用rearch of。不可数名词。
Respectively
各个
Restated
重新陈述
但使用in other words, that is ,thus, in summary 更自然。
Results of
紧跟在the results of 后面的名词应该指产生这些结果的过程。
若该名词指结果的题目,则应使用the results on或the results concerning
Reveal
揭示,但使用show或者indicate更为自然
S
Same
A is the same as B.
Search
注意区别arch和arch for.
Show
不要用它表示提出的意思。
介绍数字方程式时,不要用其表示表示和写出的意思。
Significant
重要的,重大的,有特殊意义的
An obvious decrea 可明显观察到的下降
A significant decrea 相当重要的下降。
Similar
Similar to,与……相似,与……类似。不用as
且不能把名词放在其间。
The cond nsor has reliability similar to that of the first.
So‐called
必须有连字符。
Solution
The solution to the problem (or equation),某个问题或方程的解。用to
The solution for x in equation E. E中的变量x的解。
Solve
解
Solve the problem或solve the equation
Solve for y.
Some
避免使用
一些,使用veral, a number of, many.
某一组,使用specific, certain.
Suffer
其后一定要跟from,才是说某物的缺点。
This method suffers from veral problems.
There are veral problems with this method.
This method has veral problems.
This method is subject to veral problems.
Suppo
Suppo that …. 是一个完整的句子,区别与if
T
Then
前面要有and, but,或者句号。
Thus
只有第二个分句或子句所表达的意思是第一个分句或字句所表达的论点所蕴含的结果
时,才可以用thus或者therefore。
Totally
与entirely, wholly, completely同义,完全,统统,一概。
若要表示总共,则用a total of 或者altogether
Type of
比kind of恰当
U
Unlike
放在句首以表达某与某不同。
先弄这么多,有机会再补充扩展。
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