introduce是什么意思

更新时间:2022-11-24 02:07:11 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月24日发(作者:代替品)

特别感谢俞炳丰老师的授课及教材,本索引基本出自俞老师

的课本。

A

A lot of

口语表达,论文中应避免。若要表达“许多”的意思,可用many, much, a great deal of。

Above

可表示前面提到之意,但限于一个段落或前几个句子。对于很靠前的,可用***

introduced earlier。

Adopt and adapt

前者,采用,沿用。

后者,适应,修改。

We shall adopt vantasy’s method, but we must adapt it.

Affect

及物动词,对……起作用,影响。区别于effect, 其为动词时,是实现,达到,引起,

产生之意,为名词时,是效果,操作之意,常用作名词。

…affected the reaction rate.

…had effect on the reaction rate.

Alternate and alternative

前者,轮流,交替发生或出现。

后者,二者中择一,数种可能之一。

Alternatively 为另作选择之意。

Alternatively, we can adopt the following algorithm.

Although

不能同时出现其与but二词。

Among

常用词,毋庸赘述。

From among,从几个可能的选择中选出其中一个项目。

This algorithm lects the optimal solution from among all possible ……

Amount and number

A large amount of +不可数名词

A large number of +可数名词

Anymore

科技论文中,还是不要同他了,换成no longer 比较好。

The computer no longer works.

Apparently

最好不要用,若要表示显然,宛然,俨然之意,可用clearly, obviously。

Appendix

若只有一个附录,则用文章中应用the appendix,若有多个,则用Appendix A, Appendix

B.

Approach

作为及物动词时,不可在其后加to。

作为名词时,后加to及另一个名词或动名词,以修饰approach。

As follows

如下,也可用the following, as shown below。

当介绍新的小节时,应使用we will discuss this problem below或者in the next ction,

此时就不能用as follows了。

As mentioned

As mentioned above 几个段落或几页之前

As mentioned previously 前一二段刚叙述过的内容

As just mentioned 前几个句子提到过的内容

若想要表的更为精确(当然在科技论文中推荐精确的表达方法),可采用as mentioned in

the preceding ction.

As you know and as we know

累赘,若在科技论文中出现,会显得比较雷……

As well as

与and不尽相同,并列时强调前一项。

Aspect

累赘,该砍掉。

Assume

Assume to be,不能写成assume as。

The pressure is assumed to be 3MPa。

Assure

跳查ensure。

At

in table 2, in figure 4, in row y in the matrix.

以上短语统统不能用at。

At first

起初

At last

终于

B

Bad on

若句首出现bad on 开头的过去分词短语,则必须注意过去分词表示的被动行为对象

是句子中的主语。

因此我们可以使用on the basis of, by, from, according to来代替bad on,以更清楚的表

达基于的意思。

From Eq. (1), it is obtained that…

On the basis of the experimental results, we conclude that…

The experimental results show that…

According to the conventional method using Lagrange multipliers, the …

If we

apply the conventional method using Lagrange multipliers, we can…

若以bad on 开头的分词确实可以修饰句子的主语,则可以放于句首。

还可以用于缩短长名词。

A computer system that is bad on an 8084b microprocessor 缩短为 an 8084b‐bad

computer system.

Basically

不可滥用

Becau of the fact that

直接简写为becau

Belong

想表示某个项目属于某种类型时,应使用to fall into the category of , to be a form of, to

be the classified as。

This problem can be classified as a nonlinear programming problem.

This problem is a type of nonlinear programming problem

Besides

不要用,若想表达此外之意,可用in addition, moreover, furthermore

Better

啥是better?怎么个好法?好在哪?好多少?因此我们还是应该使用更精确的词。

The gas turbine is more efficient than the steam engine.

Our algorithm is faster than the conventional one.

Build

表示建造,用construct更为恰当。

But

在句首表示然而、但是之意,应使用however。

C

Call

Call后面不加as,但refer to 后面必须加as

They will call this installation Heat Pump Dryer.

They will refer to this … as …

Ca

作为情况、事例时,紧跟在ca后面的关系代词或关系副词,必须使用in which或when.

Change

在一段长时间内的变化,后面的介词是in,而不是of。

The changes in the liquid pressure in the …

Choo … as

We choo six inches as the fan diameter of the …

We specify the fan diameter of the … as six inches.

The fan diameter of the … is specified as six inches.

The fan diameter of … is t to be six inches.

Classical

Classical 强调所指的理论或方法是经过时间的考验证明为有价值的,被学着广为承认的。

Traditional指传统、惯例,使用已久,不过可能已有人提出了新的方法或理论。

Conventional则表示时下最流行的理论与方法。

Compare

Compare … to 是指两个根本不同的事物的相同之处。

Compare … with 是两个相同事物的相异之处。

Compensate

直接加宾语时,宾语应是受到补偿的人或事物。

表达补充、抵消的意思时,后面要加for

This mechanism compensates for the slower speed of the genetic algorithm.

Complete

是及物动词。

The students completed a circuit experiment.

Compri

包含、包括、由…组成,不能使用is comprid of 这个用法。

A refrigeration system compris four main components.

Conclusion

常用state conclusion 或 prent conclusions来搭配。

不用make conclusion和give conclusions。

Finally, we state a conclusion in ction 5.

The final ction states the conclusion of the paper.

Consider

相信,视为,其后不加as,或者采用regard as及view as.

The wall temperature may be considered a constant.

The wall temperature may be regarded as a constant.

评价,讨论,考虑,其后可加as。

Contrary

查阅on the contrary

Currently

查阅recently

Criteria

其单数形式为criterion.

D

Data

Data是datum的复数形式。

Decide

选择,判断。

表示确定,辨识,定义之意时,则应该使用determine

Defect

瑕疵,毛病。

但是即使有缺点,也未必是有毛病,因此可用shortcoming, disadvantage, drawback表

示缺点。

Defined

在to be defined 中,若其后紧跟定义的具体内容,则应该使用介词as。然而若其后紧

跟表示方式的状语介词短语应使用in或者by。

错的:The A is defined as equation (1).

正确:The A is defined in …The A is defined by …

若想说明前面已定义过的变量,则用:

The solution is 3A, where A is as defined in …

definition之后是of

The definition of … was stated on chapter2

Demonstrate

清楚示范,证明。与illustrates, depicts, prents含义不同。

Denote

代表,指,并出现在被动语态的句子中,其后加by,而不是as

而refer to 后面要加as

In table 2, the … is denoted by q.

Depict

用图画表示,不如用describe表示描述。

Desire

表示需求时,不要既用desire有用被动语态。

Detail

Describe in detail是详细描述,也可写为a detailed description

Details

The details will be described in the next ction.

这样写不好,因为没说清楚是什么的details

可用以下句子

The … will be described in detail in the next ction.

The details of … will be …

A detailed description of … will be …

Different

后面紧跟from。

Display

Display, show, exhibit作动词时,都可用来表示呈现,显示之意,但表示提出时,应用

prent。Show常用在以图表表示。

Due to

只能用于修饰名词。作为介词引出原因状语从句的因该是owing to和becau of 。

E

e.g.

exempli gratia的所写。

Ensure

确保。

Insure特指防止财务上的损失。

Assure是承诺,保证。

Equal

作为动词时,不加介词

The depth of … equals 10m

作为形容词是,加to。

The kilometer is equal to 1000 meters.

Especially

表示尤其,特别时,常用in particular或者 particularly.

不过especially可以用来修饰形容词。

etc.

不能用在such as, including, for example, e.g.开头的一系列句子的结尾。

Exist

不太自然,建议使用其他词表示有,在内,包含。

F

Famous

使用well‐known比famous恰当

A well‐known approach to …

Farther and further

前者指距离上更远,后者指时间或数量上更多跟进一步。

Form and formulate

前者既是及物动词,也是不及物动词,意指形成,制作,作成,组成。

后者是及物动词,是用公式表示,明确表达,规划,正式提出之意。

The prent study attempts to formulate a geometry ….

G

Get

不够正式,应该使用obtain, have, derive, achieve,

Give

不够正式,应使用state, prent, propo

H

Happen

用occur更切当

They did not obrve what occurred as the experiment proceeded.

Her

用its

However

可是,然而,必须用逗号。

However, today’s petroleum prices have been the lowest in …

无论如何, 不用加逗号。

However hard he tries, he will never succeed.

I

Idea

The idea of不宜使用,若要表示背后的基本概念时,应使用the idea behind, the idea

underlying

The main idea behind the propod method is …

The main idea underlying the propod method is ….

Illustrate

其宾语应该是一个论点或方法。

In this ca

或者in that ca,若是这样的话。

Indicate

指出,表示,不要与denote, reprent, stand for(代表)混淆

In other words

换言之

In order to

省略为to

It should be noted that

从图表中可看出

否则的话,就省略为note that

Introduce

尽量用explain, describe, state代替。

We will describe the advantage of …

We will state the disadvantage of …

K

O(∩_∩)O

O(╯□╰)o

( ⊙ o ⊙ )

L

Latter and former

前者,前面曾经提到的两个项目中的第二个项目

后者,指称两个项目中的第一个项目。

Less

见fewer

Less than

正确写法是with a … of less than sth, 这才是完整的写法

They obtained a result with an error of less than the size of the cell.

With a diameter of

With the increa in

Let

不要用let’s

且不能用逗号。

Let k=2; …

Let k=2. …

M

Make

别用

Match

不用,若要表示一致之意,应用agree

The computed lift coefficients agree with the experiment data.

… are in good agreement with the ….

… are consistent with the …

The experiment data confirm the accuracy of the computed lift coefficients.

Method for

We lected the method for solving this problem.

We lected the method of solving this problem.

Modern

表示现代技术,则用contemporary

More than one

后接单数名词

N

Notation

符号,标志。

表示一整组符号式,不可数名词。

表示一个特定的符号式,可数名词,并写写为复数形式。不过此时使用types of notation

或者symbols更为恰当。

O

Obvious and obviously

前者,清楚,显而易见,同clear

后者,不自然,应改为clearly, significantly

On the contrary

On the contrary用于否定或反驳前一个分句所提出的论点。

He argues that this strategy has incread sales. On the contrary, sales revenue has dropped

20% since the strategy was adopted.

In contrast (by contrast) 用于介绍一个与前一句所陈述的观点前列对照的新观点。

Approach A provides high speed at the cost of incread memory requirement. In contrast,

approach B is slower

but requires much less memory.

On the other hand 和 in comparison 是用来提出新的信息并与前一句提到的信息作比

较。类似于in contrast.

Otherwi

除非所指的事物非常清楚,否则不应该用otherwi。

P

Performance

除非读者对性能的含义早就了解或者文中对其已有定义,否则不应该使用。

When this technique is adopted, the accuracy of the system increa greatly.

Phenomena

复数,其单数为phenomenon

类似于performance,应该用更具体的词汇描述。

Preci

精确,精密。

Accurate指准确,正确。

Prent and propo

均有提出之意

但前者还有提出来给他人参考之意

后者还有建议,推荐之意。

论文中推荐的方法或技术,the propod method, the propod technique

Principal and principle

前者,主要的,首要的。

The principal algorithm applied is GA.

后者,原理,原则。

Later papers discusd the u of the principle for engines.

Prove

除非是法律,数学,否则不用,太强烈了

可用confirm, verify

R

Reason is that

不如使用this is becau

Recently

还有currently都不要放在句首,比价别扭

Many rearchers have investigated … recently.

… is currently attracting a great deal of attention.

Refer

主动态的祈使句。

………, refer to (Vantasy, 2009)

称为refer to … as或者…is refer to as …

Rearch

使用rearch on,不用rearch of。不可数名词。

Respectively

各个

Restated

重新陈述

但使用in other words, that is ,thus, in summary 更自然。

Results of

紧跟在the results of 后面的名词应该指产生这些结果的过程。

若该名词指结果的题目,则应使用the results on或the results concerning

Reveal

揭示,但使用show或者indicate更为自然

S

Same

A is the same as B.

Search

注意区别arch和arch for.

Show

不要用它表示提出的意思。

介绍数字方程式时,不要用其表示表示和写出的意思。

Significant

重要的,重大的,有特殊意义的

An obvious decrea 可明显观察到的下降

A significant decrea 相当重要的下降。

Similar

Similar to,与……相似,与……类似。不用as

且不能把名词放在其间。

The cond nsor has reliability similar to that of the first.

So‐called

必须有连字符。

Solution

The solution to the problem (or equation),某个问题或方程的解。用to

The solution for x in equation E. E中的变量x的解。

Solve

Solve the problem或solve the equation

Solve for y.

Some

避免使用

一些,使用veral, a number of, many.

某一组,使用specific, certain.

Suffer

其后一定要跟from,才是说某物的缺点。

This method suffers from veral problems.

There are veral problems with this method.

This method has veral problems.

This method is subject to veral problems.

Suppo

Suppo that …. 是一个完整的句子,区别与if

T

Then

前面要有and, but,或者句号。

Thus

只有第二个分句或子句所表达的意思是第一个分句或字句所表达的论点所蕴含的结果

时,才可以用thus或者therefore。

Totally

与entirely, wholly, completely同义,完全,统统,一概。

若要表示总共,则用a total of 或者altogether

Type of

比kind of恰当

U

Unlike

放在句首以表达某与某不同。

先弄这么多,有机会再补充扩展。

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