starfarming

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三模前任务型阅读专题练07

题组一

Thistimeofyear,thousandsofcollegeapplicantswaitfore-noticesandauspiciously(

吉利地

)sizedenvelopes

fromschools,underterriblepressurefromtheirparents,friends,teachers,is,Ioffersome

advice,whichcomesnotonlyfromabitofexperience,butalsoabitofrearch:justcooloutandcontinue,okay?

ManyparentsandstudentsthinkthereisaworldofdifferencebetweenthelifelongoutcomesofanA-minus

studentwhogetsinto,ton,andanA-minusstudentwhoappliestoPrincetonbut“only”getsintosome

lesslectiveschool,sumethatadecisionmadebyfaceless

IvyLeagueadmissionsofficers,tosomeextent,willmarkthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureinlife.

,toputtheanxietyintocontext,thekidsapplying

ypercentof29­year­oldsdon’thaveabachelor’sdegree,and

themajorityofBAsareethe

applicantshavealreadywonlife’slottery.

Butifthatdoesn’teathenervesofthe40,000peoplewaitingonStanfordorPenn,hereisamore

tapplicants,itdoesn’tmatteriftheydon’tgetintotheirtop

choice,accordingtoapaperbyStacyDale,amathematicianatMathematicaPolicyRearch,andAlanKrueger,an

ackedtwogroupsofstudents—onethatattendedcollegeinthe1970sand

ntedtoknow

：

Didstudentsattendingthemostelitecollegearnmoreintheir

50sthanstudentswithsimilarSATscores,whowererejectedbyelitecolleges?Theshortanswerwas

,intheauthor’slanguage,thedifferencebetweenthestudentswhowenttosuper-lectiveschoolsandthe

studentswithsimilarSATscoresrejectedbythoschoolsandwenttolesslectiveinstitutionswas

“indistinguishablefromzero.”

Whatdoesthatmean?Itmeansthat,formanystudents,“whoyouare”ismoreimportantthanwhereyougo.

It’shardtoshowthathighlylectivecollegesaddmuchearningpower,evenwiththeirdistinguishedprofessors

tion,thedecisionofadmissionsofficersisn’tasimportantasthesumofthe

decisions,habits,andrelationshipsstudentshavebuiltuptothispointintheiryounglife.

Fortheelitecollegesthemlves,theDale-Kruegerpaperhadadditional,’sfoundthat

themostlectiveschoolsdomakeanextraordinarydifferenceinlifeearningforminoritystudentsfrom

less-educatedfamilieswhoaremorelikelytorelyoncollegestoprovidethetrainingandjobnetworkswithgreat

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gintoPrincetonifyourparentswenttoPrinceton?Fine,ting

intoPrincetonifyourparentsbothleftcommunitycollegeafterayear?er

theresults,it’smoreimportanttochooauniversitythatissuitedtothecollegeapplicants.

Whatisanelitecollegereallyworthfor?

Introduction

Collegeapplicantstendtofeel(71)▲whileawaitingadmission

decisions.

Author’sadviceCollegeapplicantsshouldcooldownandcarry(72)▲.

General(73)▲

Successandfailureinlifeispartly(74)▲bywhichschoolyouwill

goto.

Twoimportantthings

Tho(75)▲tothetopuniversitieshavealreadywonhalfthebattle

intheiryounglife.

Studentsgraduatingfromtopuniversitiesdon’tnecessarilyearnmoremoney

thanthowhoareturned(76)▲bytopuniversities.

Implicationoftherearch

(77)▲qualitiesmattermorethanwhereastudentgetsdegree.

(78)▲canbemoreimportantthanthesocialandproblem-solving

skillsstudentshaveacquired.

Additionalfindings

oftherearch

Minoritystudentsfromless-educatedfamiliescangainaccesstothe

(79)▲networksthroughhighlylectivecolleges.

ConclusionItmakesntofindagood(80)▲.

题组二

PositivePsychology

Positivepsychologycanbethoughtofasabranchofpsychology,whichputmphasisonthestrengthsand

positiveaspectsofanindividual’sonmaking

pointofpositivepsychologyisthatanindividualshould

trytobecontentwithhispastexperiences,titudecan

helpanindivvepsychology

epositiveemotions,positivepersonalitiesandpositive

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institutions.

Positivepsychologistsbelievethatpositiveemotionshelpbroadenone’svisionandcreateanof

veemotionscanhelpinachievingbetterresults,bothinpersonalandprofessional

veemotionsincludebeinghappywithyourlf,ve

emotionsalsoprepareyoutofaceanychallengeinlifewithoptimism.

Studiesshowthatindividualswithpositivepersonalitieshavegreaterchancesofstandingoutinvariousfields.

Rearchshowsthatthowithvirtueslikeconfidence,erance,nsibility,rechances

ofsucceedingthanthowhoholdapessimistic(

悲观的

)veindividualpersonalitiespreparean

individualtofacethedifficultiesinlifewithconfidence.

esandothersocialorganizationscanensurethatthestrengthsofanindividual

mple,praisingachildforhisgoodqualitiesandhelpinghimdealwithchallengescangoa

dofcondemningorpressurizingemployees,appreciatingthem

fortheireffortsandrewardingthemfortheirachievementsaremoreeffectivewaysofdevelopingconfidencein

themandgettingthemtoachievemoreproductivity.

Positivepsychologyshouldn’vethinkingisamind-sctwhicha

personbelievesthatallrightthingswillhappentohimandhe’llberewardedforhisactions,whilepositive

psychologydoesn’,itfocusmore

onhispositiveave

psychologistsbelievethatbeinghappyisn’

moreaboutconfronting(

处理

)negativeaspectsandappreciatingpositiveaspectsinordertouthemtodevelop

’snecessaryandimportantforusalltolearnhowtogetthebenefitsofthisnewbranchof

psychology.

PositivePsychology

Introduction

●

Positivepsychologyreferstoabranchofpsychologywhichisaimedatmaking

peoplefeelcontentandsatisfiedby(71)▲theirstrengthsandpositive

aspects.

●

Withpositivepsychology,peoplecanmakethemostoftheirstrengthsfortheir

best(72)▲.

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Threeimportantfactors

●

Positiveemotionscanhaveone’svision(73)▲andbringanof

nhelponeachievebetterresultspersonallyand

(74)▲.Theycangetone(75)▲forchallengesinlifewithan

optimisticattitude.

●

Thowithpositivepersonalitiesaremore(76)▲tosucceedinvarious

fieldsthanthowithpessimisticpersonalities.

●

Positiveinstitutionsarebeneficialtothe(77)▲ofone’sstrengths.

(78)▲between

positivepsychologyand

positivethinking

●

Positivethinkingjustfocusonrightthingswhilepositivepsychologytakes

into(79)▲bothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofasituation.

●

Positivepsychologyfocusondevelopingone’spersonalitybythe

(80)▲offacingthenegativeandappreciatingthepositive.

题组三

Skyscrapers(Highbuildings)opleareudtoeingtallofficebuildings,

multistoryfivestarhotels,,ontheotherhand,are

rthereareexpertswhothinkthatsomeskyscrapersshouldbecomefarmsinorder

tomeettheincreasingfoodneedsofourplanet.

By2050,somesocialscientistssuggest,almost80percentoftheearth’

addition,thehumanpopulationcouldincreato9.1billionpeopleduringthattimeyettheamountofland

entfarmingpracticesdon’tchangebythemiddleofthiscentury,one

prominentexpertclaims,wewillneedanareaofnewlandlargerthanBraziltoproduceenoughfoodfortheplanet.

Verticalfarms(

垂直农场

),whereurbanfarmerscouldgrowcropslikewheatinenvironmentallyfriendly

skyscrapers,eofconcernsoverhighcosts,environmentalhealthexpertswanttomake

lievethatwecanincreafood

productionbychangingourthinkingfromouttoup.

Supporterssaythatverticallygrownfoodwouldbecultivatedwithminimaleffectsontheenvironment.

Unliketraditionalfarming,verticalfarmingwouldnotforceanimalsoutoftheirhabitatsbytakingoverlargeareas

ofland,er,verticalindoorfarming

couldproducecropsconstantlyandcropswouldnotsufferfromweather-relatedproblemslikedroughtorflooding.

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Also,theuofchemicalpesticidesforcontrollinginctswouldbeminimal.

Criticsofverticalfarmingpointoutthatalthoughcropsgrowinginatallglassbuildingwouldgetnatural

sunlightduringtheday,itwouldn’ntsclosttothewindowswouldgrowmuchmorequickly

ntsgrowingawayfromthewindowsmaynotproduceasmanyorashigh

reasons,verticalfarmswouldneedadditionallightsources.

Rearchershavefoundthateveninsingle-storygreenhous,artificiallightisoftenneededforrear-round

mple,ThanetEarthisalargeindoorfarmingcomplexintheUnitedKingdomthatproduces15

thewinter,thecomplexusartificiallight(

人造光

)for15hoursaday.

Expertshaveconcludedthatgeneratingenoughsolarenergytosupportgrowthrequiresanareaabout20times

ore,naturallightcannotbeapracticalsolutionforverticalfarms.

Verticalfarmingixpensive,andunlesspeoplewanttopaymoreforfresh,localfood,thetechniquemaynot

sagreethatcreativefarmingpracticesareneededtosupporttheplanet’sneedfor

moreandmorefoodataffordablecosts,alfarmsmaybeasmall-scale

answer,butthebestideascouldbeyettocome.

Farmsofthefuture

(71)▲toanew

kindoffarmingpractice

●

Theproblemwithurbanfoodshortagewillbecaudbytheincreasingpopulation

inthecitywithno(72)▲ofthequantityofthefarmingland.

●

Skyscrapersarerecommendedtobeudasfarmstosolvetheproblemoffood

shortage.

(73)▲ofvertical

farming

●

Theenvironmentisinfluencedinaminimalway.

●

Animalswill(74)▲theirhabitatswithoutbeingforcedout.

●

Thereisnoair(75)▲fromusingheavyfarmingequipment.

●

Weather-relatedproblemswillnot(76)▲crops.

●

Minimalchemicalpesticideswillbeudtocontrolinctsandyear-roundcrops

willbeproduced.

Shortcomingsofvertical

farming

●

Naturallightduringthedayisnotenough.

●

Theplantscannotproducevegetableswiththesamehighqualityduetotheir

(77)▲fromthewindows.

三年真题·研读专练

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●

Additionalartificiallightisneededdespitebeingbetterforverticalfarmsthan

naturallightfroma(78)▲perspective.

Conclusion

●

People’s(79)▲topaymoreforthefreshlocalfooddeterminesthesuccess

oftechnologyinthemarketplace.

●

Thebestideasarestillonthewayalthoughverticalfarmsmaymakesmall

(80)▲tothesolution.

题组四

Thetechnologyofartificialintelligence(Al)sonekindofjob,though,

thatisdifficulttobeautomatic

；

thekindthatrequiremotionalskills,includingalltheabilitiesthatletus

recognciallyintelligentsoftwareis

beingbuiltthatcanrecognizeemotionsinpeople’sfacesandvoices,butitisalongwayfromproducingreal

empathy.

Asrobotscomeforourroutinejobs,theabilitytoworkwellwithothersisbecomingakeytosuccessatwork.

A2016WorldBankreviewof27studiesofemployersfoundthat79%ofthemrankedemotionalskillssuchas

honestyortheabilitytoworkwithinateamasthemostimportantqualificationforworkers.

lationsinmanycountriesageand

non-communicablediasgrow,theWorldHealthOrganizationsaysthattheworldwillneed40millionnew

gureincludeshighlyeducated

doctorsandtechnicians,forwhomagoodbedsidemanneriscomplementary(

辅助的

)

includesawiderangeofworkerswhomainqualificationisbeingabletosupportandcommunicatewithpatients.

Effectivehealthcarerequiresmenandwomenwithemotionalskills,butnotnecessarilyadvancedtechnicalskills.

Educationisanotherinng

youngchildrenmustinvolvehumans,inordertomotivatestudents,spotpotentialdevelopmentalproblemsand

rnsout,thatalsoappearstobetrueofadulteducation.

MOOCswereonceenasawayintohighereducation,lettinganyonelearnforfreeiftheywantedto,but

they’rast,for-profitcollegesgetfirst-generationcollegestudents

toenroll(

注册

)andstayenthusiasticbyhiringanarmyofwarm,engagingstafftoofferpersonalsupportand

guidance.

uscanputeffortinto

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ghtmeanreadinganattractivebookwith

charactersyoucareabout,takinganoutdoorbreaktoincreaemotionalresilience(

恢复力

),orjuststoppingto

considerhowyourcommentsaregettingacrosstoyourco-workers.

Emotionalskills

Introduction

●

TheAItechnologyhas(71)▲influenceonthekindofjobwithemotional

skills.

●

TheAItechnologycandistinguishbetweendifferentemotions,butcannotmakeproper

(72)▲.

●

Accordingtothepreviousstudies,mostpeopleagreethataIworkerwithoutemotional

skillsisnot(73)▲forhisjob.

The(74)▲of

emotionalskillsin

twoindustries

Healthcare

●

Theagingpopulationandthegrowing

non-communicablediaswillresultina(75)▲

ofmedicalworkers.

●

Fordoctorsandtechnicians,when(76)▲with

emotionalskills,technicalskillscanmakehealthcare

moreeffective.

●

Forothermedicalworkers,emotionalskillscomefirst,

(77)▲ofhowadvancedtheirtechnicalskills

are.

Education

●

Eitherinchildrenoradulteducation,human

involvementisa(78)▲inbuildingcmotional

connection.

●

MOOCs(79)▲manystudentsinthattheir

emotionsandpersonalneedsareignored.

Advice

Youcansharpenyouremotionalskillsbycaringaboutcharactersinabook,takingan

outdoorbreaktorefreshyouremotionsorstoppingtoconsiderhowtomakeyour

comments(80)▲byyourco-workers.

题组五

三年真题·研读专练

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Pretendingyou’resomeoneelcanmakeyoucreative

Onegreatirony(

讽刺

)aboutourcollectivefascinationwithcreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreative

tosay,mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptoflf:Weareeither“creative”peopleorwe

aren’t,withoutmuchofamiddleground.

Pillay,atechbusinessmanandHarvardprofessorhasspentagoodpartofhiscareerdestroyingtheideas.

Pillaybelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistodismisstheconventionaladvicethaturgesyou

to“believeinyourlf”.Infact,youshoulddotheexactopposite:believeyouaresomeoneel.

InarecentcolumnforHarvardBusinessReview,Pillaypointedtoa2016studyshowingtheimpactof

stereotypes(

刻板印象

)onone’hors,educationpsychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar,

dividedtheircollegestudentsubjectsintothreecategories,instructingthemembersofonegrouptothinkof

themlvesas“eccentric(

古怪的

)poets”andthemembersofanothertoimaginetheywere“rigidlibrarians”(people

inthethirdcategory,thecontrolgroup,wereleftaloneforthispart).Therearchersthenprentedparticipants

with10ordinaryobjects,includingafork,acarrot,andapairofpants,andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmany

howereaskedtoimaginethemlvesas“eccentricpoets”cameup

withthewidestrangeofideasfortheobjects,whilethointhe“rigidlibrarian”ile,

therearchersfoundonlysmalldifferencesinstudents’creativitylevelsacrossacademicmajors—infact,the

physicsmajorsinhabiting(

寄生

)thepersonas(

伪装的外表

)of“eccentricpoets”cameupwithmoreideasthanthe

artmajorsdid.

Theresults,writeDumasandDunbar,suggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualquality,buta“malleable(

可

塑的

)productofcontextandperspective.”Everyonecanbecreative,aslongastheyfeellikecreativepeople.

Pillay’sworktakesthisastepfurther:Hearguesthatidentifyingyourlfwithcreativityislesspowerfulthan

thecreativeactofimaginingyou’erci,whichhecalls“psychological

halloweenism”,referstotheconsciousactionofinhabitinganotherpersona—aninnercostumingofthelf.

Itworksbecauitisanactof“consciousunfocus”,awayofpositivelystimulatingthedefaultmode(

默认模

式

)network,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou’renotfocudonaspecifictaskor

thought.

Mostofusspendtoomuchtimeworryingabouttwothings:Howsuccessful/unsuccessfulweare,andhow

littlewe’merfeedsthelatter—anunfocudpersonisanunsuccessfulone,

,weforceourlvesintoquietareas,buynoicancelingheadphones,andhateourlvesfor

takingbreaks.

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WhatmakesPillay’sargumentstandoutisitshealthy,forgivingrealism:Accordingtohim,mostpeoplespend

nearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof“unfocus”.Thisdoesn’tmakeuslazypeople—a

behindpsychologicalhalloweenismis:Whatifwestoppedjudgingourlvesforourmentaldowntime,andinstead

startedusingit?Puttingthisnewideaondaydreamingmeansaddressingtwoproblemsatonce:You’remaking

yourlfmorecreative,andyou’regivingyourlfpermissiontodosomethingyou’dotherwifeelguiltyabout.

Imaginingyourlfinanewsituation,oranentirelynewidentity,neverfeltsoproductive.

Title:Pretendingyou’resomeoneelcanmakeyoucreative

Somemisleading

ideasaboutcreativity

●

Mostofusare(71)▲withtheideathatweareeithercreativeorwearenot:there

doesn’texistamiddlegroundinbetween.

●

(72)▲topopularbelief,Pillay’ssuggestionisthatyoushouldbelieveyouare

someoneel.

DumasandDunbar’s

study

●

Onegroupwereaskedtothinkofthemlvesas“eccentricpoets”,another“rigid

librarians”andathird(73)▲asthecontrolgroup.

●

Theformertwogroupswererequiredtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusaspossible

foreach(74)▲object.

●

Thelevelofstudents’(75)▲isnotalwaysindirectproportiontothetypeof

academicmajors.

●

Therefore,creativityisprobablyaproductofcontextandperspectiveratherthan

something(76)▲.

Pillay’sfurtherstudy

●

Theexerciof“psychologicalhalloweenism”referstotheconsciousactionofbeing

othersby(77)▲stimulatingthedefaultmodenetwork.

●

Pillay(78)▲firmlytotheideaofimagingyou’resomeoneelandadvisus

nottoworryabouthowsuccessful/unsuccessfulweare.

The(79)▲

significanceofthe

exerci

●

Weshouldstartusingitinsteadofstoppingjudgingourlvesforourmentaldowntime.

●

Wehaveeveryrightto(80)▲ourlvesforbeingunfocudbecauitisnot

onlyhumanbutalsomakesusmorecreativeandproductive.