myth

古希腊神话文学（AncientGreekmythologyandLiterature）

Theimportantsourceofmodernwesternculturalspirit--

ancientGreekmythology

Abstract:WesternculturecomesfromthetwoGreek

Civilizations,namelyancientGreeceandHebrewcivilization.

AncientGreekmythologyasoneofthesourcesofwesternculture,

asMarxsaid,t

Greekdrama,architecture,painting,sculptureandother

nbesaidthat

ancientGreekmythologyisanimportantsourceofWestern

ientGreekmythofwesterncultureis100and

thisisnottomindtakingthetroubleofthematerial,evident

ticlefocusontryingtoexplorethetwo

importantspiritualblooddrawnfromtheancientGreek

mythology,namely,wospiritsare

thetwomainspiritsofthewholemodernwesternculture.

Keywords:Westernmodernculture,spiritualsource,ancient

Greekmythology

MythandancientGreekmythology

Marxin"<>"theintroductionofpoliticaleconomicsthatmyth

is"bypeople'sfantasy,aconsciouswayofartprocesd

naturalandsocialform"is"withimaginationandwith

imaginationtoconquerthenaturalforceandcontroltheforces

ofnature,tovisualizetheforcesofnature".Therefore,

mythologyistheexplorationoftherelationshipbetweennature

andlf,ouldbetheclan,tribal,

national,andevenagroupofpeople,theoriginalnaturalview,

worldview,hreflects

people'sthoughtsandideas,and"mythasanationalfootprint

oftheearliestrecord,becaulessundertheinfluenceof

traditionalculture,moderncivilizationoroppression,it

directlyshowstheclosttothebottomorthenatureofthings

inhumannature."AncientGreekmythologyasarichsystemof

mythology,ofcour,alsoreprentsthemostesntialspirit

ofancientGreekhumannature.

WenowknowalltheancientGreekmythstoryfrom"Homaepic"

and"Theogony"and"Hesiod'sworksanddays".TheHomaepic

ellsthestoryof

theancientGreeksfightingTroyagainsttheiliad."Od"

describestheproblemsinGreeceinthereturnvoyage,after

Homawrote"theoriginofHesiodTheogony"and"work"withthe

timeoftheGreekgods,xthCentury

BCtothirdCenturyBC,theGreektragedyforthreemasterAskew

Ross,Sophocles,Oulipidesiclassicsalsogreatlyenrichedthe

tGreekmythologymainly

mer

includesstoriesaboutthecreationofheavenandearth,the

birthofGod,thegenealogyofGod,theoriginofhumanbeings

retwelvemainGreekgodsin

ancientGreekmythology,theylivedinnorthernGreece,on

ethegodZeus,afterthelightningtube

emptyGodHera,Poidon,Godofthesun,themoongodApollo

Artemis,Athena,Aphrodite,goddessofbeautyandloveofAres,

andGod'sfire,KratoscraftsmanfootedmesngerHermes,Herr

SaturnaliaDemeter,tiontothesmallgods

ofEros,knowledgeandartofthegoddessMousika,hercules.

InadditiontothegodsandtheancientGreekmythologyand

legends,mainlyreflectsthedistantancientsociallifeand

humanmind,materialdevelopmentandthenatureofthestruggle,

andmanypeoplereflectthestruggleforproductionof

ythologyhasitsownsystem,integrity,plot

richandtortuous,andithasgreatcharm.

anisticspiritinancientGreekmythologyandits

influence

MostofthegodsinChinemythologybelongtotheshapeof

animals,halfhuman,halfanimalorveralkindsofanimals.

arealsotracesofhumanbeingsintheancientGreekmythology.

r,themaincharacters

ofancientGreekmythology,Greektwelvemaingods,aresimilar

sand

heroesinancientGreekmythologyhavestrongcularity.

(1)oneofthemanifestationsofHumanisticSpirit--God

reflectsman

IntheworksofancientGreekmythology,thecontentofthe

portraitofGodandthesculptureofGodinancientGreece,we

ient

GreeksworshipedGod,buttheydidnotgiveGodtoomuch

sublimity,nordidtheyregardGodasthestandardofmoral

measurement,buttheyregardedGodasman'

additiontotheGreekgodsimmortalmagic,notmuchdifference

theancientGreekmythsaregodndowedwith

ientGreekgodslived

onMountOlympus,theyorganizedatoffamilyandsociallife

ofthenetwork,theythinklikeaperson,likeapersontolove,

marriage,jealousy,doftheGreekgod

isordinarypeople'sshowsthatGreek

mythologyisconcernedaboutitlf."GodinancientGreecein

theheartsoftheheartthatisneitherthenakedlegal

relationshipandrealisticstate,norintheheartthat

terriblemajestyandChristianHighandcannot,norChine

thatdryrigidmoralidolmyth,butshowingasweetmoreperfect

humanimage,showingathebeautyoftheideal".Greekmythology

isthestoryofman'the

completeembodimentofahumanisticspirit.

ThenobleQueenHera,likethewomenoftheworld,facedwith

herhusbandJowhowasnotdevotedtoherlife,shewasjealous

andrentful,andwenttoJo'sloveragainandagain,and

tookherhusband'thecardinto

bearLister,gh

God,Dionysuswasthedaythesong,heisnotriousaboutbooze,

refudtopursuetheirownpursuitofthe

sungodApollohadturnedintoalaureltree,thatapersondoes

notlovetheirlovetroubles.

(two)twoofthemanifestationofhumanisticspiritrevealthe

variousdesiresofaffirmation

AncientGreekmythologynotonlyshowsthewisdomandbravery

ofthegods,butalsoexpressthepraiandpursuitofwisdom

fullyrevealsandaffirmsthegods'pursuit

oflust,tationnetlwfree

TheancientGreeksadvocatedwisdomandcouragefromtheir

thefaceoftheharshmountainjungleandthevagariesofthe

a,inthefaceofthestrongnaturalandhumaninsignificance,

theancientGreekscansurviveonlybywisdomandbravery.

AncientGreekmythologyembodiesthepursuitofwisdomand

en

theLORDGod,relyontheirownwisdom,courageandstrength;

PloMichelJinviolationofGodforhumantosteallightfire,

relyonthewisdomandcourage;Herculesforhumanhavedone

12thingsandbecomeGod,relyonthewisdomandcourage;a

WallaceTheusHo,JasonfindgoldthewoolRoad,thesiege

intheTrojanOdysydisplayofwisdomandcourage,andthe

pursuitoftheirgods.

AncientGreekmythologydidnotavoidthelust,statusand

heheadofthegodsZeus,

despitethebeautifulqueenHera,butalsocontinuouslyand

mortalwomanaffair;AphroditewasforcedtomarryHeffesToth

becauofdissatisfactionwiththemarriage,thekitchengod,

soshebravetopursuetheirownlove,fallinlovewithares.

Networklearningrubbisheverywherecopypaperfor

teleprence,whichshowstheindividualwilldominate,

indulgeinthepursuitofpersonalcharacteristicsoflove.

Achillesleftthebattlefield,butbecauadoortookherlove

coffeefarmwomanprisoner,moreimportantisacoffeememnon

ignoredhimasthestatusandroleoftheGreeksupreme

commander,thisishethepursuitofpowerandvalue.

TheancientGreekZeuspraiwithwisdomandstrengthtodefeat

theSouthcarat,becometheruleroftheuniver,mercilessly

saidhehasbeensoinlovewitheveryflowerhemetabeautiful

womanandtheworld,andtheirloveaffair;VestaHeffesfor

hiswifeAfloAresandAphroditeAres,

Aflo,Aphroditeandaresinbedandinvitedthegods,to

humiliatethem,butthegodsdidnotdespithem,saidHermans

alsoquiteenvyevenusingthreenetshecaughtwithAfloas

ientGreek

mythofthegodsrevealallkindsofdesire,wisdom,brave

pursuitofpassionandstatus,thepursuitofpower,theancient

Greekmythologyisametaphorandsymbolformreflectsthereal

awakeningconsciousnessoftheancientGreeks,understanding

andaffirmationoftheirown,thisistheancientGreeksrespect

humanspirit.

(three)theinfluenceofhumanisticspiritonmodernwestern

countries

AsVico,athinkerinItaly,said,"notGodcreatesman,but

mancreatesGodinhisownimage."Godistheobjectification

ofman'tGreeceissuchahumanist,heworship

oflimitedandnatural,ratherthanotherworldly1168

Greekmythologyandwesterntraditionalethicalspirit

Whatisthetruemeaningofmyth?Differentscholarshave

exaggerationtosaythat

therearemanyscholarsofmythologyishowmanyanswers,this

isduetothevariousdisciplinesareeninthemythofthe

mirrorinjusttheirownfaces,althougheveryone'sviewsare

different,butinmanyexpositionswecanstillethetrue

urface,themythnamedafterthetheme

ofthestoryistheGod'sbehaviorbeyondthehumancapacity,

buttheesnceofthemythis"humantalk""."Itisnotnature,

butsocietyistheprototypeofmyth,andallthebasicpurport

ofmythistheprojectionofhumansociallife"[1](P245).

BritishanthropologistEdwardTaylorhasdiscusd,hesaid:

"themythrecordednotSupermanhero'slife,butthe

imaginativelifeofthenation,istheprimitivemantoGodin

hisownlifestoryofexcellenceinallkingdoms,inheaven

repeatsitlfhappenedontragedyandcomedy."[2](P123)is

themythofprimitivehumanaccordingtotheirpsychological

experienceandlifeexperiencetotheidea,theideaof"human

factors"excludedmore,hebecameincreasinglyscarce--

becauitisonlyamyth"".Sincemythisareflectionof

nationallife,ghthe

developmentof"humanchildhood"myth,butfordifferentgroups

ofpeople(suchathnic,tribalclan,etc.),thereisno

commonchildhoodexperiences,"savagechildren,precocious

children,normalchildren."[3](P549)iftheChineare

"precociouschildren",thentheGreeksare"normalchildren"".

Bothconstituteasplendidanddiverworldcivilization.

Greekmythologyisasystemofitlf,clotothereallife,

lsostudy

thepolitical,economicandculturalconditionsoftheancient

greatinfluenceontheculturaldevelopment

perattemptstoelaborateonthe

humanspirit,thefateofthewholeGreekmythologyordercenter,

theideaofraisingmenandwomen,anditspluralistic

evaluation.

First,humanisticspirit

ThefamousSwissclassicalculturescholarAnnBonnerwrote:

"thestartingpointofallGreekcivilizationandtheobject

is,itstartsfrompeople'sneedtopayattentiontothe

interestsofthepeopleandprogress,inordertoobtainthe

people'sinterestsandprogress,itisalsoexploringtheworld

ofexploration,throughaexplorationoftheotherparty,in

theGreekcivilizationtheconceptofmanandtheworldisone

ofthereflectionoftheotherparty,whichareplacedinthe

oppositeofeachother,thereflectionmirror."[4](P64)Plo

Taraalsohasafamoussaying:"manistheyardstickofall

things,isthescaleofexistence.".Itisalsothescalethat

doesnotexist."[5](P86),whichisthemanifestationofthe

entiontothe

realizationofindividual'svalue,emphasizethesubjective

ientGreekmythologyproducedin

thiskindofGodcultureshowsthecharacteristicsof

publicizingindividuality,indulgingtheoriginaldesire,

affirmationofthecularlifeandthevalueofindividual

life,

mple,Hera

Claes,heistheonlyheroasademigodafterdeathuptoOlympus

andmarriedHebethegoddessofyouth,inthecolumnofgod.

ThelegendofOlympusGodsandthesub,Uranusborngiantshave

hadabattlewithaOraclesaid:ifthereisamaninthewar,

esappeared

atthistime,tosaveOlympusintoanembarrassingsituation.

ThisstoryisasmallepisodebeyondtwelveHerculesfeat,but

whichcontainscontentmeans:InvincibleGodwillultimately

cometotherescueofamortal,theancientGreeksdesirefor

lfvaluevisibleingeneral,thestoryalsoreflectedin

lled

thewar"Olympus",inordertocommendtheGodofmeritorious

rvice,ofmythology

hereexplainswhythegodsinahierarchicalsystem,canallow

1.5people,becauthemythofthetransformationtosucha

change,whenthehumanwillhaveitsheadhigh.

(1)ythologyadvocates

personalhonor,affirmspersonalvalueanddignity,andhas

ghheknewhistwofate:

orlivedinobscurity,ordiedgloriouslyonthebattlefield,

ifefor

him,andwhenAGamenontookhisbelovedslaveafterherefud

toplay,despitehiscompatriotTroywaschadpeopleflee,

Troydiedundertheknifeinthearrow,evenAGamenonto

apologize,,astrategy

ofAchilles'sangerfromhimtodefendthedignityof

individuals,noonecantarnishhisdignity,eventheGreekarmy

commanderAGamenon,ifAGamenonwantstosnatchhisbootyto

trampleonthedignity,sohewouldhaveanexcutoanger,

couldetheirtroopskilledbyHector,

inoughtoshowthatthepersonaldignityoftheGreeksis

higherthanthatofthestate,orthattheindividualdignity

andindividualvalueoftheGreeksarehigherthanthatofthe

otuntillaterthathisclofriendwaskilled

thatprovokedhisangeranddecidedtorevengeforhisclo

,heisconcernedwithhisownlfishinterests,

whichembodiesthespiritoftheGreekculturewhichis

characterizedbyindividualism,andemphasizestheideaofthe

ntheparationbetween

natureandconcept,havestrongindividualconsciousnessinthe

parationofmanandnature,asthemainbodyofthepeople

inthenaturalandsocialposition,advocatepeopletoconquer

natureandsocietyandthetransformation,thesubjectand

objectindiscretesituation.

(two)ekspayattentiontothe

realityoflife,advocatingindividualfreedom,advocatingthe

spiritofindependence,intheirview,thopersonalgains,

oneforthepublic,althoughtheasceticspiritworthy,butthey

arenotholy,inlife,andtherealityofmisfitslikeJesus,

finally,mple,inHomer's

"Odysus",theOdysusTroyexpeditionreturnedviathehell,

metthedeadAchillesinhellandastrategytoZhongweiWu

commanderinchiefoftheghosts,sotheyadmirehim,anda

strategyofAchillesreplied:"Ihavealreadydied,whydoyou

comfortme?I'dratherliveonearththanthatofallthedead

soulsofthecommander."[6](P238)whichreflectstheGreek

Godandcularheroeshaveverystrong,canalsobeenin

theWestthereisagreatemotionandattitudetolovethe

emotionalrealityworld,theythinkthisistheothersideof

lifeextensionoflife,ink

thattheemotionalrealitylifethantheothersideofthesoul

intheworldsoiftheysuffereddeath,firsttrytoimagine

theworldasreality,theancientGreekphilosopherSibyAas

said:"nomatterwhatagewhatplace,

Thebestistoenjoylifeinthehealth,wealth,fame,until

theold."ItisnowonderthatastrategyofAchillestosay

"thebrilliantOdysus,pleadon'r

toworkinthefieldsofothers,washiredbythework,even

ifhehasnopatrimony,withmeagerlifedifficult,alsodon't

wanttoruleallthesoulsofthedeparted."[6](P238-239)the

Greekslovedthereallifeandshowsbetweenthelines.

(three)reekgodsandordinary

mortalsareputtogether,thepeopleofGodbecauoftheir

absoluteones,likepeoplehavepassion,goodandevil,cunning,

needtoeat,drink,somake

commonmistakes,mixwithhumans,engageinworldwars,engage

apassionate

God,oftencarryinghiswifeHeraandthebeautyofthehuman

relationship,

Aresandloveaffairherhusbandwasfoundandtheywere

craftsmenofGod,enclodinanet,tothegodshastthe

osfellinlovewith

AdonisAdonis,theloverofEros,Ares'ed

reekarmyexpeditionto

thelegendofTroy,theGreekGeneraldeRhodesinkpikethorn

lovevoiceshouting,nfledtoOlympusVin

hermother'rereflectedintheGreek

mythologyisfromthesociallifeofarealperson,loveand

hateofthedesiretoimagineshow,soithasstrongflavorof

life,morepleasing,sofromtheesnceofGodcanbeenin

thecharacteristicsofpeoplecanehumanityalienationand

humannature.

Two,fate

TheancientGreekmythadvocatesisSuperman,cannotcurbthe

werisnatural,innate,

lievethat"fate",everythingisarranged,all

man-made,acquiredeffortsareuless,willnotchangethe

esaidthatthewholeGreekmythologyis

theunfoldingof"destiny"andtherealizationof"Oracle".The

bestdeductionof"fate"inGreekmythologyisthebestfootnote

dipuswasbornwasthe

goddessoffatedecidedtokillhisfatherandmarryhis

mother'sfate,althoughhisfatherIOScautiously,while

Oedipusthekingabdicatedhisthrone,willneverleavethe

adoptiveparentsandwife,wanderingaround,butstillcannot

escapethefate,stillcannotgetridofthefateofhis

punishmentandfulfilledthe"oracle"thearrangement,inthe

"fate"infrontofpeopleatalosswhattodo!Inthe"fate"

oftheintimidationoftheGreekgod,peoplehavetobe

designatedinanorbit,parately,time,

peoplefeelasnaturalandalienforcesasincomprehensibleand

inexplicable"fatalism"".Therefore,inOedipus,thoughthere

ismorethanonerationalforceofaction,thereisalsothe

"spiritualdestiny"thatcannotbemeasuredandthemental

ongconsciousnessofactionof

Oedipusshowsthatthesubjectatthistimeristoaheight

endingalsoshowsusthatthe

e

heistogetridofthefateofthenet,themoretothenet,

themoreheissincerelyforthepeople,themoreimminentlf

cessoffightingagainstfateisthe

processofgettingintothetrapoffate,andtheresultof

enomenametaphor

inevitabilityandobjectificationofoppositesandpeople

cannotovercomethetragicfateofalienforce.

IfOedipus'sactionistoexplorethetruthoffate,theaction

Kunderasaid,"justoncehappenedlikenothinghappenedatall.

Iflifebelongstousonlyonce,wecancertainlysaythatthere

isnolifeatall."[7](P6)theexistenceoflifeisinthe

heavyburdenofrepeatedrepetition.

ThisburdenwasbornebySisyphusinancientGreekmythology.

Becauhetoldhisdaughter'swhereaboutsandEssoPersian

condemnedtopushbouldersinhell,theproblemisnotin

multipleStonehenge,butinallFuchsSisyphusheartwill

accomplishnothing,becauheputthestoneonthetopofthe

hill,thestonewouldrollbackdownthemountaintotheground.

Sisyphusbecameanabsurdherohere,andheprovedtheeternal

enon,helivedinauniverwithouthuman

beings,andperhapsitwasnotsuchanactthatmadehimfeel

,theGreeksemtohavemore

understandingofthemeaningofaction,andmorerationally

graspthefate,itcanbesaidthattheGreeksareesntially

rationalexplorers.

Three,theideaofraisingmenandwomen

ThemoststrikingfiguresinancientGreekmythologyarealarge

numberoffemaleimages,afemaleworldcompodofgoddess,

halfmanandhalfgods,dora,the

firstwomaninancientGreekmythology,waspiecedtogetherby

ughtdisaster

totheworld:poverty,hunger,pestilence,diaanddeath.

Suchtreatmentclearlyreflectstheideaofraisingmenand

said:"theoverthrowofthematriarchyiswomen's

bandhasauthorityinthehou,and

thewifeisdebad,enslaved,turnedintotheslaveofthe

husband'slust,andbecomesasimpletoolforgivingbirthto

thechild."Thisdemeaningpositionofwomenin[3](P113)is

rtobeatbackthe

siegeofthecityofAthenstotheenemy,macariaOracle

offerings;inordertosuccessfullytsouttoTroy,the

tured

PrincessTroy,BoLucSena,

ofthebloodlegendstoallsortsofbeautifulcoatdecorate:

someistodefendthetribe,asthedaughterofAgamemnon,some

areloyaltolove,suchasAlChetis......Agamemnon'sdaughter

IfigneAsadpleading,reflectshowmanyinnocentvictimsare

women'svoice:"don'tletmediesoyoung,thegloryislovely,

don'tpushmeintothedarknessofhelltogo......Plea

softenyourheartandtakepityonme!Nothingismorelovely

tolifethantohumanbeings......"[6](P571)butstillfell

inIphigeniasharpandbrightblade.

Bebroughttothealtarofwomensad,livingwomanis

unfortunate,Penelopealllifecontentistoguidewomentowork

andintheroomalone,MissLongPartingofherhusband,when

sheoccasionallycomplainedabouthispain,hersonisgoing

tocomeupwiththemasterfacetodisciplineher:"youstill

wentbacktohisroomdosomething......Speechisamatterof

men,firstofall,becauIamtheownerofthisfamily."[8]

(P280),soshewasdeprivedofherrighttospeak,andwentback

petochastityfortwenty

years,butherhusbandwhodidnottrust,becauheremembered

AGamenonondon'tbelieveawoman'xhortations,the

exhortationstoreprentthesociallaw,morality,public

isladyPenelopearesopoor,

'sIliad

beginswiththescrambleforslavewomenandendswiththe

icreasonfortheevolution

ofwomen'sstatusistherelativedecreaofwomen'srolein

derthematriarchydazzling"goddess",

thetransitiontocontendwiththepatriarchyis"woman",until

inslaveryundertheoppressionof"slave",isavivid

manifestationofeconomicstatusdeterminessocialstatus.

Four,multivariateevaluation

InancientGreekmythology,theheroofthestoryisoneofthe

mainthemesofGreekmythology,heroworship,heroofloveand

praioftheheatingtimes,butnotinwhetherthereisanoble

moralbehaviorevaluationstandard,alsodoesnotrequireits

arebrave,mostofthemhave

thecharacteristicsofhalfgodsandhalfmen.

Theyloveadventure,conquest,prowessasproud,althoughthe

llpraidby

lievethattheheroisabraveandadmirable

person,shouldnotbecauofpersonaldefectsorotherrewards

andheroesofoneparty,theotherpartytodenounce,isamulti

valueevaluationstandardisanaestheticpursuitofbeauty,

Greekmythology,ontheonehand,Westernerslovelife,

suitofindividuality,theheroic

temperamentofthenationalspiritandnationalpsychology,on

theotherhand,withitspermanentartisticcharmgavebirth

totheprosperityanddevelopmentofwesterncultureandart.

aid:"thepotentialbecauofgeneralmythitlf

has,hasbecomethemodernhumanities,aswellastheorigin

ofsomenaturalscience,literatureandartisthemotherof.

Themoredevelopedcultureofthecountryandthenation,for

humanchildhoodactivitiesandmentalactivities,moreshow

stronginterest,thisdiscussionisnotwhatadventures,but

anattempttofindbetweenmodernandancientcivilization,as

wellasapotentialclanpowerandinertia,andfindoutthe

locationofthenationalcultureinthewholehumantheorigin

ofcultureinordertoenhancenationallf-confidenceandthe

reflectionofpsychological,toamoresoberattitudeof

scientificplanningforthefuture."[