stingy

欧洲四个著名吝啬鬼（ThefourfamousEuropeanmir）

,alwayscuriousasachild,

asyoungaschange,asmiddle-agedaspatient,aswiasolder

h,troubleisnotyouth,butpressure......When

womennolongerlive,nolie,nolongersubjecttochanging

moods,rgreatmirinEuropean

literature

IntheprocessofEuropeanliterature,bringstogetherawide

varietyofgoodsofthemirimages,includingShakespeare's

comedy"themerchantofVenice"intheSherlockMolierecomedy

"stingyperson"("mir")inhartagon,Balzac'snovel"Eugenie

Grandet?"inGrandet,andGogol'sdeath"soul"inPriusHeekin,

calledforEuropeanliteratureimmortalfourScroogestypical.

Thefourimagesofthemircameintobeinginthree

countries,fromthehandsoffourfamousmasters,involving

socialsurvivalforveralcenturies,andsummedupthe

processofthehistoricaldevelopmentofEuropeinthepastfour

ecreationofthetime,withslipHeekin

appearslate,Gogol's"deadsouls"m

thecharactersofclassconsciousnessthatshouldbeclassified

astheearliestsprinkleskeepsHeekin,heistheformerSoviet

ckranked

cond,hewasinsixteenthCentury,thatis,the

disintegrationoffeudalsociety,primitiveaccumulationof

capital,e

youngestasprobableAbba,venteenthCenturyFrench

bourgeoiscapitalistdevelopmentperiod,Grandetintofour,he

wasthenineteenthCenturyFrenchRevolutionofbourgeois

turmoilrichupstartspeculation.

Thefourgenerationsofmiraresimilarinage,similarin

temperament,commoninpersonalityanddistinctinpersonality.

Inshort,Sherlock'sfiercesprinkleskeepsHeekinpedantic,

harpagon,suspicious,GrandetJiaoxia,constitutetheirmost

dazzlingeye-catchingtemperamentandpersonality.

Generally,therearefourworldliteratureScrooges:oneis

writtenbyShakespeareSherlock,thetwoisMoliere'shartagon,

threeiswrittenbyBalzacGrandet,fourisunderthepenof

hehighschoolChine

textbooks,

willhelpbroadenthestudents'horizonandimprovetheir

aestheticability.

Shakespeare,agreatBritishdramaticmaster,madeasuccessful

portrayalofSherlock'sgreedy,sinisterandcruelmirinthe

ckisabourgeoisusurer,inorder

togetmoremoney,acourtinVenice,hefitthepoundofflesh

"Iaskedhim,Iwasinaveryhighpricetobuy,itbelongsto

me,lmir,greedis

sonwhySherlockrefudtwo

timesandthreetimestheloanrepayment,andadhereto

approximatelyfrombusinessmanAntoniochestcutoffonepound

offlesh,becauAntoniotolendmoneytopeoplewithout

interest,influencedSherlock'susuryindustry,sohetookthe

opportunitytorevenge,tokillAntonio,makinghisusury

ckasatypicalmirimage,hispersonality

isinsidiouscruel,whenthecourtmediationtotheborrower

Antoniotwotimesoreventhreetimesthemoneytorepayhim,

Sherlocksinistersaid:"evenifeverypieceofmoneythissix

thousanddollarscanbedividedintosixparts,eachpartcan

bechangedintoaIdon'thavemoney,they,aslongasIasabout

punishment."Saidinhisshoeonthesharpener,readytocut

apoundoffleshfromAntonio'schest,crueltokillAntonio,

butblindlystubborn,'s

whatSherlockisdifferentfromothermir'spersonalities.

Whenstudentsreadandappreciate,theymustgraspthis

personality.

TheFrenchrealistliteraturemasterBalzacinhismasterpiece

"EugenieGrandet?"alsocreatedatypicalmirimage--

ticlelectingofChinetextbookinhigh

schoolwhenthechoiceof"familysuffering"inachapter,and

givethetextnamed"mir",

"Mir",namelyguardingpropertyinslaves,peopleshouldbe

thepropertyofthemaster,isthewealthofthedominant,but

Grandethasbecomeamir,"egold,posssionofgold,is

thepersistentGrandetcrazy",moneyhasmadehimalienated.

Forthesakeofhisproperty,heforcedhisnephewtotorture

hiswifeanddeprivetheonlydaughteroftheinheritanceof

dnotallowhisdaughtertofallinloveand

horthroughGrandetlife

description,whichexposthenakedmoneyrelationsbetween

peopleincapitalistsociety.

Avariceandparsimonyaremutuallyreinforcing;themiris

greedywhenhegatherswealth,andheismeanwhenheuswealth.

Likeothermirs,Grandetisgreed,andmeanasaghost.

ButBalzacisgenerous,underhispenasatypicalGrandetmir

is"persistentcrazy",especiallya"Crazy",summarizesthe

emiddleschoolstudents

appreciatethischaracter,theyhavetograspthekeyof"Crazy"

enty-sixyearold

Chichikovoldmansawherdaughterplayingwithhis

Dingqingzhiwugolddressingca,actuallybodyalongitudinal,

pouncedonthedressingbox,likeatigerpouncedonasleeping

baby".A"vertical"anda"head"willoldGrandetgreedtocrazy

eonlyfemalevoicebox

isthelover'sdeposit,eoldmantried

totakeitback,theoldmanpushedithard,andthenhefell

downonhismother'dinlaidinthedressingbox

alienatedtheloveoffatheranddaughterandmadethemir

theemotiontowifedaughterdressingcahave

faintrealitythatGrandetjumpedfromthemadnessinthe

whirlpoolbecameverysober,"children,letusnotaboxyou

angry,takeit,"theoldcarpenterimmediatelyputtheboxonto

thebed,andtohisroomwithatheLouisalsofellonthebed,

claimingtobenttoEurope't"generous",towife

anddaughteratalossaboutwhattodo,

ssingcamadwife,half

daughteraccordingtothelaw,willinheritthefamilyproperty,

thatistantamounttogelangtailife,cunningGrandetsmall

losttoknowit,willshineuptohisdaughter,eveninfront

ofheraffectation,tremblingwithaffectionforthebait,

cheathertogiveupthedeadmother,theinheritanceof

propertyrights,andoftenuspecialfeelingsforthe

sshowsanother

aspectofthemir'spersonality-"cunning."".Butafterall,

gottothedeathbedretreatin

theeyes,vitality,hecanopenmyeyes,butafewhourswith

eyesstaringatthegoldfaceasifintotheElysianFields.

Whenthepriestputgoldcrosstogivehimakissonhislips,

iconsofChrist,dothelastritesforhim,hehadmadea

terribleposture,wanttograbthegoldencross,thelasteffort

onherdaughter'swordsarealltaken

careof,tocometomyaccount."Lifeiscrazyformoney,

posssionofmoney,moneywasfinallyastilltryingcalling

formoneytothegrave,moneyhasmadehimbecomeaghost,crazy

cunningmir.

Whenstudentsappreciatethistypicalimage,theycan

understandthetypicalmeaningdeeplyonlybygraspingtheir

personalitycharacteristics-madnessandcunning.

LikeShakespeareandBalzac,theRussianliterarymasterGogol

inhismasterpiece"deadsouls"inshapingamirimage-

dleschoolChinetextbook

named"sprinkleskeepsHeekin".

Asamir,andSherlockGrandetalthoughdifferent

personalities,butaregreedystingyincommon,are

deliberatelyplantoamassrichesonbehalfofthebourgeoisie.

GogolinPriusHeekinistheepitomeofRussia'sdeclining

landlordandtheepitomeofthedemiofRussianfeudalsociety.

Althoughthethreeasagreedymir,butdecadentissprinkles

ch,butlookslikeabeggar,

Thelandlordhasmorethanonethousanddeadsouls,tofindthe

condinhiswarehouwithwheatflourandsomany

agriculturalproducts,inthedryroomandstoreroomof

storehouisfilledwithnylonandlinen,rawandcookedsheep,

driedfishandvariousvegetablesandfruittoisnoteasy,

howeverhe'

clotheswerelikeawoman'shomeclothes,stainedwithflour,

gahat,aswomenwear,

neckisalsosurroundedbyaratherbafflingthing,istheold

socks?Orbeltcannotdeterminethebandage?.Butnotascarf.

Hisroom,ifnotonthetableashabbycapisawitness,who

alsodon'tbelievethatthishouisoccupiedbytheliving.

Hishouwithapackofredliquid,thefloatingthreeflies

onapieceofpaper,coverglass...A...Yellowtoothbrush,

beforetheFrenchstillscoredaboutMoscow,itsownerhad

brushedteeth".PriusHeekinisadeposit,butevensostingy

rs,ghtermarried,

heonlyntagift-acur;sonfromthearmyformaking

clothesalsofromarebuff,inadditiontondhimsomecur,

isnolongerassociatedwithhisson,andevenhislifedidn't

inandstrawhavebecomearealdifferenceisnot

onlyadunghillintheabovecabbagecellar;flourashardas

stone,hadtoaxewalldown...PriusHeekin...Hasnot

understandwhatsome,butheisnotenough,thedayafterhis

wealthconverge,andthroughtheroad,donotclean,oreven

'swhathedid.

Toappreciatethischaracter,firstofall,tograspthe

esntialcharacteristicsofhisdecadentanddecliningandhis

ownstingypersonality,wecanfullyunderstandthesocial

significanceoftheauthor'sshapingthisimage.

Thetotalabovethree,amirimagelectedbyniorChine

teachingmaterial,itsfeaturesaregreedyandstingywith

moneywhenthemoney,entative

SherlockandGrandetalthoughallbelongtothebourgeoisie,

buttheformerisusury,thelatteristhebourgeoisupstarts;

theformergreedwasinsidiouscruel,thegreedtobecunning

eekinisatypicalRussiandecadentlandlord

class,differentfromtheformertwothathewaxtremely

stingyontheirown,sothattheshapeofthebeggarandis

hreemenandmoneyalienatedthemintoghosts

andbecameslavesofmoney.

MolierewasaFrenchclassicalcomedymasterinventeenth

Century,andhiswritingcarriedoutahotsatireonall

tof"mir"wasbornoutof

"ajarofgold"byPulaoMatus,o

hartagonisatypicalmir,ingyskinaflea

tonlyveryharshtothervantandhis

family,andIoftengotobedhungry,eveninthemiddleofthe

nighthungrycan'tsleepsleep,thengotothestableeating

lessofhischildren,eachhashisown

favoriteobject,insistedthathissongetrichwidow,daughter

wasburiedinthegarden

deliberatelyplanmoneybeingtakenaway,hesaid,drawahardly

wishedtolive.,livingasmuchasamirimage.

Moliereisgoodatshapinggeneralandstrongartisticimages.

e's

distinctivecharacter,butalittletoothintowhatcritics

say"flatcharacters".Moliere'scomedymostlyfollowthe

classical"three"principle,conflict,strictstructure.

Moliereudthe"farce"techniquetocreateacomicatmosphere,

andtoenhancethesatiricaleffectofcomedy.

Highschoolstudentsshouldlearntoappreciatetheworld

masterpiece,appreciatelaw,putthemtogethertoread,know

thegreedincommon,andthusthecompleteresolutionofhis

personality,deeplyunderstandthemasterpiecesocial

significance,graduallyimprovetheiraestheticability.

Thefourisamir:hartagon,Sherlock,GeLang,sprinkles

keepsHeekin

Features:SherlockfiercesprinkleskeepsHeekinpedantic,

hartagon,suspicious,Grandetsly

ck(BritishdramatistShakespeare'scomedy"merchant

ofVenice")

Jewishusurer,greedy,stingy,coldandcruel;althoughwealthy,

butneverenjoy,thercontactswith

theoutsideworld,withthemoneytoelopewithlover;

ruthlesslyabuthedeductionofrvants,eventhefoodnot

toeat;veryhateVenicebusinessmanAntonio,inordertoget

moremoney,acourtinVenice,hefitthepoundofflesh"Iasked

averyhighpricetobuy,itbelongstome,Imust

lmir,greedisitsgeneral

sonwhySherlockrefudtwotimesandthree

timestheloanrepayment,andadheretoapproximatelyfrom

businessmanAntoniochestcutoffonepoundofflesh,becau

Antoniotolendmoneytopeoplewithoutinterest,influenced

Sherlock'susuryindustry,sohetooktheopportunityto

revenge,tokillAntonio,makinghisusuryindustrywhichcan

ck

asatypicalmirimage,hispersonalityisinsidiouscruel,

whenthecourtmediationtotheborrowerAntoniotwotimesor

eventhreetimesthemoneytorepayhim,Sherlocksinistersaid:

"evenifeverypieceofmoneythissixthousanddollarscanbe

dividedintosixparts,eachpartcanbechangedintoaIdon't

havemoney,they,aslongasIasaboutpunishment."Saidin

hisshoeonthesharpener,readytocutapoundoffleshfrom

Antonio'schest,crueltokillAntonio,butblindlystubborn,

'swhatSherlockis

differentfromothermir'spersonalities.

on(FrenchplaywrightMolierecomedy"stingypeople",

orthe"mir","mir")

ingyskinafleaforitshide.

Heisnotonlyveryharshtothervantandhisfamily,and

Ioftengotobedhungry,eveninthemiddleofthenighthungry

can'tsleepsleep,thengotothestableeatingbuckwheat.

Regardlessofhischildren,eachhashisownfavoriteobject,

insistedonhissonmarryrichwidow,wantdaughtertomarry

wasburiedinthegardendeliberatelyplan

moneybeingtakenaway,hesaid,drawahardlywishedtolive.,

livingasmuchasamirimage.

Moliereisgoodatshapinggeneralandstrongartisticimages.

e's

distinctivecharacter,butalittletoothintowhatcritics

say"flatcharacters".Moliere'scomedymostlyfollowthe

classical"three"principle,conflict,strictstructure.

Moliereudthe"farce"techniquetocreateacomicatmosphere,

andtoenhancethesatiricaleffectofcomedy.

t(FrenchwriterBalzac'snovel"mir",theoriginal

namefor"EugenieGrandet.")

"Mir",namelyguardingpropertyinslaves,peopleshouldbe

thepropertyofthemaster,isthewealthofthedominant,but

Grandethasbecomeamir,"egold,posssionofgold,is

thepersistentGrandetcrazy",moneyhasmadehimalienated.

Forthesakeofhisproperty,heforcedhisnephewtotorture

hiswifeanddeprivetheonlydaughteroftheinheritanceof

dnotallowhisdaughtertofallinloveand

horthroughGrandetlife

description,whichexposthenakedmoneyrelationsbetween

eandparsimonyare

mutuallyreinforcing;themirisgreedywhenhegathers

wealth,hermirs,

Grandetisgreed,andmeanasaghost.

ButBalzacisgenerous,underhispenasatypicalGrandetmir

is"persistentcrazy",especiallya"Crazy",summarizesthe

udentsappreciatethis

character,

Onlybygraspingthekeyof"Crazy"canwedeeplyunderstand

enty-sixyearoldChichikovoldmansaw

herdaughterplayingwithhisDingqingzhiwugolddressingca,

actuallybodyalongitudinal,pouncedonthedressingbox,like

atigerpouncedonasleepingbaby".A"vertical"anda"head"

willoldGrandetgreedtocrazyimageactivationtothepaper.

Whentheonlyfemalevoiceboxisthelover'sdeposit,itis

eoldmantriedtotakeitback,theoldman

pushedithard,andthenhefelldownonhismother'

goldinlaidinthedressingboxalienatedtheloveoffather

theemotionto

wifedaughterdressingcahavefaintrealitythatGrandet

jumpedfromthemadnessinthewhirlpoolbecameverysober,

"children,letusnotaboxyouangry,takeit,"theold

carpenterimmediatelyputtheboxontothebed,andtohisroom

withatheLouisalsofellonthebed,claimingtobentto

Europe't"generous",towifeanddaughterataloss

aboutwhattodo,retiscleartothe

ssingcamadwife,halfdaughteraccordingto

thelaw,willinheritthefamilyproperty,thatistantamount

togelangtailife,cunningGrandetsmalllosttoknowit,will

shineuptohisdaughter,eveninfrontofheraffectation,

tremblingwithaffectionforthebait,cheathertogiveupthe

deadmother,theinheritanceofpropertyrights,andoftenu

specialfeelingsforthedaughtertotakeadvantageof

sshowsanotheraspectofthemir's

personality-"cunning."".Butafterall,Grandetwasmoneymad.

Whenhegottothedeathbedretreatintheeyes,vitality,he

canopenmyeyes,butafewhourswitheyesstaringatthegold

epriestputgold

crosstogivehimakissonhislips,iconsofChrist,dothe

lastritesforhim,hehadmadeaterribleposture,wanttograb

thegoldencross,on

herdaughter'swordsarealltakencareof,tocometomyaccount.

"Lifeiscrazyformoney,posssionofmoney,moneywasfinally

astilltryingcallingformoneytothegrave,moneyhasmade

himbecomeaghost,crazycunningmir.

4.(RussianwriterGogolsprinkleskeepsHeekinnovel"dead

souls")

PriusHeekinwastheepitomeofthedeclininglandlordinRussia

andtheepitomeofthedemioffeudalsocietyinrussia.

AlthoughthegreedyandmirlyGrandetberoughlythesame,

butthedecadentpersonalityissprinkleskeepsheekin.

Asamir,andSherlockGrandetalthoughdifferent

personalities,butaregreedystingyincommon,are

deliberatelyplantoamassrichesonbehalfofthebourgeoisie.

GogolinPriusHeekinistheepitomeofRussia'sdeclining

landlordandtheepitomeofthedemiofRussianfeudalsociety.

Althoughthethreeasagreedymir,butdecadentissprinkles

chbutlikeabeggar,the

landlordhasmorethanonethousanddeadsouls,tofindthe

condinhiswarehouwithwheatflourandsomany

agriculturalproducts,inthedryroomandstoreroomof

storehouisfilledwithnylonandlinen,rawandcookedsheep,

isnoteasy,

buthehimlfixtremelyshabbyeverydayfoodandclothing.

Theclotheswerelikeawoman'shomeclothes,stainedwithflour,

gahat,aswomenwear,

neckisalsosurroundedbyaratherbafflingthing,istheold

socks?Orbeltcannotdeterminethebandage?.Butnotascarf.

Hisroom,ifnotonthetableashabbycapisawitness,who

alsodon'tbelievethatthishouisoccupiedbytheliving.

Hishouwithapackofredliquid,thefloatingthreeflies

onapieceofpaper,coverglass...A...Yellowtoothbrush,

beforetheFrenchstillscoredaboutMoscow,itsownerhad

brushedteeth".PriusHeekinisadeposit,butevensostingy

rs,youcanimagine.

Thedaughtermarried,heonlyntagift-acur;sonfrom

thearmyformakingclothesalsofromarebuff,inadditionto

ndhimsomecur,isnolongerassociatedwithhisson,and

evenhislifedidn'inandstrawhavebecomea

realdifferenceisnotonlyadunghillintheabovecabbage

cellar;flourashardasstone,hadtoaxewalldown...Prius

Heekin...Hasnotunderstandwhatsome,butheisnotenough,

thedayafterhiswealthconverge,andthroughtheroad,donot

clean,'swhathedid.