准备ICAO英语考试时总结了不少,在此把总结的内容上传分享一下。手打难免错漏,请见谅,
我只是一名刚毕业的飞行学员关于专业知识理解不到位之处还请帮忙纠正
考的是语言能力不需要很专业因为考官本身也不是专业的飞行员只要有一些关于飞行的普
遍认知就好有一定的专业知识就好
做最充足的准备应对考试应该是得心应手的考试的听力比较清晰而且比平时自己训练的听
力简单语速较慢并且没有BACKGROUNDWHISTLE
这个是英语学习所以多听多说才是硬道理就应试而言多听录音多听陆空通话就提高语
言能力而言多看美剧多模仿多听英文歌多开口说纠正发音语气断句等
前三部分只有自己练习第四部分可以外力帮助提高更快
只是本人一些愚见不足为据啊
祝逢考必过
下面的大多都是针对第四部分OPI(oralproficiencyinterview)
OPI包含5个部分:1warmup2levelcheck3probe4picturedescribe5wrapup
一)vocabulary(最后附有各个系统专业词汇)
对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳
三个应答机特殊编码:编码自己查不便说。从小到大分别是hijack,radiofailure,distress
conditions
PANPAN和MAYDAY的区别:
PANPAN:needassistancetimelyurgencysituation
MAYDAY:needassistanceimmediatelydistresssituation
乘务员flight/cabinattendant驾驶舱职权梯度cockpitauthoritygradient
机库hangar接通/断开自驾engage/dingageAP
地形terrain人因humanfactors
活物牲畜livestock绕飞detour
界面交界处interface修改modifyamend
试车enginerunup烂泥slush
减速妨碍retard积累accumulation
湿度humidity降雨量precipitation
气喘asthma腹泻diarrhea
调度签派dispatch信号员marshaller
开往驶往Boundfor放油fueldumpjettison
预期anticipate污染contaminate
外形configuration致命的fatal
分院branchflightcollege炸药dynamite
手榴弹grenade恢复revert
Humanerrorchain:peoplemakesmistake,takeleadstoanotherto
anothertoanotherwhichleadstoanaccident
IRS:inertialreferencesystem惯性基准系统
干预interfere配件附件accessory
气动的pneumatic有形的具体的concrete
临界的marginal连续touchandgo
起落Trafficcircuit补充replenish
全停fullstop物质物品substance
拉紧绷紧strain踝关节ankle肘部elbow
对正跑道aligntherunwayPOB:peopleonboard
改装训练transitiontraining劫机犯hijacker
陆空对话radiotelephonycommunication
前轮转弯机构nowheelsteering执行execute疏散evacuation
机长的四条杠的含义:1flyingskill2knowledge3profession4responsibility
提供饮食及服务cater(主要在地面装载时会用到)
RNP---—requirednavigationperformance所需导航性能
RDH—-—-thresholdheight跑道入口高度
二)几个主要系统组成及功用
1LANDINGGEARSYSTEM
很多图是关于重着陆,事故以及事故症候的,事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况,damaged,
unabletoextend,tiresblow-out,smokefrommaingear等情况,所以遇到这一类型的图就可以引申出对
于LANDINGGEARSYSTEM的问题来考验对系统的认知。
Tricyclegeararrangement前三点shockstrut减震支柱bumper减震器
Manualextensionhandles人工放下起落架手柄
Nowheelarrangementadvantages:
1)itallowsmoreforcefulapplicationofbrakesforhigherlandingspeedwithoutnosingover.
2)itpermitsbettervisibilityforthepilotsduringlandingandtaxing
3)ittendstopreventaircraftfromground-loopingbymovingtheC。Gforwardofthemaingear.
Landinggearsafetydevis:
1)Mechanicaldownlock———----——-topreventaccidentaloperationofthemechanical
downlocks,electricallyoperatedsafetyswitchesareinstalled。
2)Safetyswitches-—————--—-—--—--—Thetorquelinksspreadapartormovetogetherasthe
shockstrutpistonextendsorretractsinitscylinder.
3)Groundlock--———---—-——--——onecommontypeofapininstalledinalignedholesdrilledin2
ormoreunitsofthelandinggearsupportstructure.
2HYDRAULICSYSTEM
第四部分里面有一张图是关于hydraulicsystem的,建议这个系统多熟悉一下
Unitscommonlyoperatedbyhydraulicsystem:
Landinggears,wingflaps,slats,speedandwheelbrakes,nowheelsteering,
Primaryflightsurfaces
hydraulicsystemcomponents:
anenginedrivenpump,afilter,arervoir,apressureregulator,anaccumulator,
apressuregauge,areliefvalve,anemergencypump,twocheckvalves,
alectorvalve,anactuatingcylinder
operation
theenginedrivenpumpwhichisdirectlycoupledtotheenginewilloperatewhentheengineisrunning.
Thepumpdrawsfluidfromrervoirandexpelstothesystemthroughthefilterandacheckvalveandthe
pressurecanbebuiltup。thepressureregulatorunloadsorrelievestheenginedrivenpumpwhenthe
desiredpressureinthesystemachieved。thusit’softenreferredtoasanunloadingvalve。Intheevent
ofmalfunctionofpressureregulator,thereliefvalvewillreleaanypressureabovethatmaintainedby
theregulator.
3AIRCONDITIONINGANDPRESSSURIZATIONSYSTEM
Thecabinairconditioningandpressurizationsystemsuppliesconditionedairforheatingand
ralsoprovidespressurizationtomaintainasafe
theairconditioningsystemsinstalledinmodern
recalledaircycle
system.
Functionofairconditioningsystem:
icalsystemthetemperature
ismeasuredandcomparedtothedesiredttingofthetemperaturecontrols。
1supplyventilationair
2supplyheatedair
3supplycooledair
Functionofcabinpressurecontrolsystem:
Toprovidecabinpressureregulation,pressurerelief,vacuumrelief,andthemeansof
lectingthedesiredcabinaltitude.
4WINGTIPDEVICES—-————---——improvetheefficiencyof
fixed-wingaircraft,intendedeffectidalwaystoreducethedragbyalteringtheairflownearthe
wingtips。
5APU----—--AUXILIARYPOWERUNIT
Function——--—toprovidepowertostartthemainengines。Turbineenginesmustbeacceleratedtoa
highrotationalspeedinordertoprovidesufficientaircompressionforlf—sustainingoperation。Before
enginesaretobeturned,theAPUisstarted,generallybyabatteryorhydraulicaccumulator。Once
theAPUisrunning,itprovidespower(electric,pneumatic,orhydraulic,dependingonthedesign)
tostarttheaircraft'smainengines。
APUsfittedtoETOPS(Extended—rangeTwin-engineOperations)aircraftareacriticalsafetydevice,
astheysupplybackupelectricityandcompresdairinplaceofthedeadengineorfailedmainengine
generator。
三)特勤处置
先说一下CRM-————COCKPITRESOURCEMANAGEMENT
CRM包括4部分
1:establishgoodcommunicationwithcrewmembers,sothatwecanpreventandcorrectanymistakes.
2:takefulladvantageofthefacilitiesonboardandthegroundnavaids.
3:operatetheaircraftstrictlyaccordingtothemanualandSOPs。
4:complywiththeaviationregulations.
关于EMERGENCY,处置
staycalm,maintaintherightconfigurationandattitude。
thecrewmembersshouldaccomplisheachother’sownduty,findthecauanddotheright
checklist,followstandardprocedures。
reporttoATCyourlocation,situationonboard,andintention。Requestlandingpriorityif
possible.
这里只是提供一个大致框架,具体特勤具体分析,如ENGINEFAILURE,BOMBONBOARD,GEARJAM等,
具体的细节就只有自己去丰满。
关于SICKPASSENGERONBOARD的处置:
havethecabinattendanttotakefirstaid
informthepasngerstofindifthere’sdoctoronboardsothatwecanaskforhelp
informtheATC,requestlandingpriorityordiverttothenearestsuitableairport,andrequest
ambulanceanddoctorsreadyatlanding
我在考试的时候遇到关于SUFFERFROMHEARTATTACK的乘客
四)口试
OPI的前三部分只会涉及很少的专业问题,所以这三部分可以一起来看和准备。说的直白一点,这几部分
就是和考官扯淡,但是扯淡要注意尺度,不要使劲扯,扯淡变成扯蛋会有一点痛的。这里部分会过渡到一些
飞行相关的问题。分院,飞行经历,所飞机型,小时数,所遇特勤,职业特性,基本可以概括为一次完整的
飞行过程。建议考前写一篇关于自己飞行的文章,涵盖以上一些信息。到时候遇到可以触类旁通,把你准
备的说出来.同时也是做一个引导,引导考官就你的信息中挖掘问题,这样会比较占主动性。
E。G:
Thatchoosingtobeapilotasmycareermakesmeproudandmakesmyfamilyproud。Thisisanoblejob.
Comeon,eofourworks,aboycanmeethisbonnylass,afatherbackfrom
businesstripcangivehisdaughterawarmhug,businessmencansigntheircontractsintime,and
packagesaredeliveredtoyourdoorontime。Allthegivemeafeelingofsuccess,afeelingofhappiness.
Andbesides,thisisajobwithgoodsalaryandcomparativelyhighsocialstatus。Iudtoconsiderthat
it'asytobeapilot。Youknow,justliketheunprofessionalpeoplethinks:pilotngagetheAPafter
takeoff,thenplannedroute,plannedlevel,plannedeverything。Allthepilotsneedtodoisdingaging
theAPwhentheaircraftcomestotheshortfinal,andmakeaperfectlanding,taxitotherightgate。
That'sall。Itlookasyandemsthateverybodycandothat。ButI’vechangedmymindafterallthe
thingsI'vebeenthroughintheGUANGHANflightcollegewhereIactuallylearnthowtocontroland
manageanaircraftandhowtobeaprofessionalpilot。There’salongwaytogo,andthattakestime。
TheveryfirstruleIlearnistobepatient,reisa“13—hours—checkride”whichistto
checkwhetherthestudentisskillfulortalentedenoughtobeapilot。Thisisacruelcheckforthe
students,edmyshirtandtheheadphonethatdayinthecockpit。
Butluckyme,Ipasd。ThisisthemostprecioustreasureinmylifethatIwishIwouldneverexperience
again.
附加:各个系统词汇
AirConditioningSystem
PACK空调主件HOTBLEEDAIR热引气
OUTLETDUCT外流管BYPASSVALVE旁通活门RAMAIR冲压
空气
INLETSCOOP进气口TRIMAIRVALVE调节空气
EXTRACTORFAN排气风扇GUARDEDFLAP有保护盖的导片
BLOWER鼓风机EXTRCTOR排风扇OVERBOARD机外
ONBOARD机上OPEN-CIRCUIT开路CLOSED—CIRCUIT闭路
CONFIGURATION形态PASSENGERLOAD乘客载荷DOWNSTREAM下游
STANDINGWATER积水ATLN(ALTERNATE)备份CHANNEL通道
PNEUMATIC气源DUAL双的SWITCHOVER交换
PRE—COOLER预冷机COOLANT冷却剂AMBER琥珀色
VENTILATION通风CIRCUITBREAKER跳开关PRESSURIZATION(增压)
FLAPPERVALVES瓣状活门PROFILE剖面TOGGLE扳钮开关
VACUUM真空ISAOBARIC等压BAROMETRIC气压
PRESSUREDIFFERENTIALS压差ANEROIDSWITCH膜盒气压
STBY(STANDBY)备份DCDIRECTCURRENCY直流电
DITCH水上迫降SUPERCHARGER增压器INADVERTENT偶然的
LEAKAGE漏、渗APRON停机坪CEILING顶板ACCESSORY副
件
THROTTLELEVER油门杆CRUISE巡航
NEGATIVERELIEFVALVE负压释放活门POSITIVEPRESSURE正压
AIRPORTELEVATION机场标高AUTOPILOT(自动驾驶)
MOMENTUM动量MIMICKING模仿GLARE-SHIELD遮光板
Performance
ACTUATORS制动器SURVEILLANCE监视QUADRANT油门操纵杆
FLEX(FLEXIBLE)灵活的
MCT(MAXIMUMCONTINUETHRUST)最大连续推力
ELEVATORS升降舵AILERON副翼NAVAID助航
SID(STANDARDINSTRUMENTDEPARTURE)标准仪表离场
STAR(STANDARDTERMINALARRIVALROUTE)标准进场程序
MISSEDAPPROACH(GOAROUND)复飞
DYNAMIC动力的AUGMENTATION增加、增益
FLIGHTENVELOPE飞行包线
CDU(CONTOLDISPLAYUNIT)控制显示组件
FMA(FLIGHTMODEANNUNCIATOR)飞行方式显示器
ADIRS(AIRDATAANDINERTIALREFERENCESYSTEM)大气数据及惯性基准系统
MCP(MODECONTROLPANEL)方式控制面板
GPS(GLOBALPOSITIONINGSYSTEM)全球定位系统
FLARE平飘TOUCHDOWN接地点FLY-BY—WIRE电传操纵
ACELEROMETER加速器ALIGNMENT对准、校准
SERVOMOTOR伺服马达GYROSCOPE陀螺
THRUSTREDUCTIONALT减推力高度REVERSE反推
ARM预位FPA(FLIGHTPATHANGLE)飞行航径角LOCALIZER航向道
IDLE慢车DETENT卡位FPV(FLIGHTPATHVECTOR)飞行航径矢量
CRM(COCKPITRESOURCEMANAGEMENT)驾驶舱资源管理
PF(PILOT-FLIGHT)把杆飞行员
PFD(PRIMARYFLIGHTDISPLAY)主飞行显示PULLEY滑轮ROLL滑跑
SCROLL翻动、卷起SLEW上下选页VELOCITY速度
DATABASELOADER数据库装载机
ALPHA/NUMERICKEYBOARD字母/数字键盘
DYNAMICANDBACKGROUDDATA动态和背景数据
TROPOPAUSE对流层顶ALIGNMENT校准
EFOB(ESTIMATEDFUELONBOARD)预计机上燃油
ETA(ESTIMATEDTIMEOFARRIVING)预计到达时间
ADC(AIRDATACOMPUTER)大气数据计算机
CRT(CATHODERAYTUBE)阴极射线管
LSK(LINESELECTKEY)行选键TERMINALAREA终端区域
COORDINATE经纬度RNVAAREANAVIGATION区域导航EN-ROUTE在航
路上
CFDS(CENTRALIZEDFAULTDISPLAYSYSTEM)集中显示系统
VIBRATIONS振动IMPULSES脉冲CURVATURE弯曲曲度
TRANSCEIVER无线电收发机
INTERPHONE内话机EVACUATION疏散
KNOB旋钮BUZZER蜂鸣声
FLIGHTCONTROLSYSTEM
REJECTEDT/O中断起飞CONVENTIONAL通用的
WHEEL驾驶盘COLUMN驾驶杆PEDAL脚蹬
SURFACE舵面RUDDER方向舵SPEED-BRAKE减速板
FLAP襟翼STABTRIM调整片OVERRIDESWITCH超控电门
AWDAMPER偏航阻尼器CENTERINGMECHANISM定中机械SWEEP
BACK后掠
SPOILER扰流板JAM卡阻ROLL滚转(横滚)PITCH俯仰
STABILIZER安定面YAW偏航YAWDAMPERRATEGYRO偏航率陀螺仪
LONGITUDINALAXIS纵轴VERTICALAXIS垂轴LATERALAXIS横轴
ACTUATINGCYLINDER作动筒AIRFOIL翼部面
SECONDARYFLIGHTCONTROL辅助飞行操纵
HIGHLIFTDEVICE增升装置
TRAILINGEDGE(TE)后缘LEADINGEDGE(LE)前缘
POWERTRANSFERUNIT(PTU)动力传输装置STALL失速
MANEUVER机动飞行INBOARD内侧OURBOARD外侧
SLOTTED开缝的THREESLOTTEDFLAP三开缝襟翼DRAG阻力
COMPARATOR比较仪ROLLRATE滚转率MIXER混合器
DEFLECTION偏转AERODYNAMICMEANCHORD平均空气动力弦
TORQUE扭力JACK千斤顶
FIREPROTECTION
OVERHEAT超温FIREDETECTION探火FIREDETECTIONLOOP探火环
FIREALERT火警戒FAULTMONITORINGCIRCUIT失效监控电路
WARNINGBELL火警铃GROUNDPROXIMITY近地
ENGINEINDICATINGANDCREWALERTINGSYSTEM(EICAS)发动机指示和机组警戒系统
ENGINENACELLE发动机舱CARGOCOMPARTMENT货舱
MALFUNCTION失效SMOKEDETECTION烟雾探测LOCKDOWN下锁
SHUTDOWN关车UNLOCK开锁TRIP跳开关
THRUSTREVERSER反推CARBONDIOXIDE(CO2)二氧化碳TOXICITY毒性
ELECTRICALSYSTEM
GENERATE发电DISTRIBUTE配电ESSENTIALPOWER重要设备电源
VOLTAGE电压PHASE相BUS汇流条
TRANSFORMERRECTIFIERUNIT(TRU)变压整流器
LIGHTINGCIRCUIT照明电路EMERGENCYPOWER应急电源
STANDBYPOWER备用电源ONBOARD机载
STATICINVERTER静变流机BATTERY电瓶FREQUENCY电频
RAMAIR-DRIVERGENERATOR冲压空气驱动发电机
ENGINE-DRIVENGENERATOR发动机驱动的发电机
BATTERYCHARGER电瓶充电器
LOAD载荷、电荷TRIPOFF跳开CHARGE充电
SERVICEBUS勤务汇流条SPLITBUS分裂汇流条
BUSTIEBREAKER(BTB)汇流条连接断路器
GENERATORCONTROLUNIT(GCU)发动机控制组件
MONITOR监控DIVISION分配
FUEL
INNERFUELTANK内侧燃油箱INTEGRALTANK整体油箱
WING/FUSELAGESTRUCTURE机翼/机身结构WINGTIP翼尖
FUELNOZZLE燃油喷嘴VENTSURGETANK通风(防震动)油箱
SPILLAGE溢出DIVERT转向GROSSWEIGHT(GW)全重
E/WDENGINEANDWARNINGDISPLAY发动机警告指示
CROSSFEEDVALVE交输供油活门
CONDENSATIONOFMOISTURE水气凝结SURGETANK通风油箱
HYDRAULICSYSTEM
RESERVOIR液压油箱、水库FILTER滤器、滤纸
ACCUMULATOR储压器、储蓄器EXPEL排出、赶出
PISTON活塞CHARGE释放、放出WHEELBRAKE机轮刹
车装置
NOSEWHEELSTEERING前轮转向操纵
PRIMARYFLIGHTCONTROLSURFACE主飞行操纵面
PRESSUREREGULATOR调压器
EMERGENCYPUMP应急泵CHECKVALVE单向活门
SELECTORVALVE选择活门ACTUATINGVALVE卸荷活门
PREDETERMINEDVALVE预定值BALLVALVE球形活门
RETURNLINE回油管路SPRAY喷、向……喷射
PERFORATE穿孔于HERMALANTI-ICINGSYSTEM热防冰系统
WINDSHIELD风挡ENGINECOWL发动机整流罩
STATICPORT静压口BIRD-STRIKE鸟击
AOA(THEANGLEOFATTTACK)迎角
TAT(TOTALAIRTEMPERATURE)全温
SAT(STATICAIRTEMPERATURE)静温
EIS(电子仪表系统)
ATTENTIONGATTER提醒灯CHRONOGRAPH记时器
ELAPSEDTIME已飞时间PARAMETER参数CHECKLIST检查单
DISPENSEWITH省略UN-CLUTTER混乱SIDESLIP侧滑
UTC(COORDINATEDUNIVERSALTIME)协调世界时
SCHEMATIC图解形式EADI电子姿态指示器EHSI水平状态指示器
BEARINGPOINTER方位指针DECISIONHEIGHT决断高度
ADF(AUTOMATICDIRECTIONFINDER)自动定向机
INTERFACE界面、接口REFERENCELINE参考线
DFDR(DIGITALFLIGHTDATARECORDER)数字式飞行数据记录器
RAWDATA原始数据AIDS飞机集成数据系统
ECAM(ELECTRONICCENTRALIZEDAIRCRAFTMONITOR)电子飞机集中监控
LANDINGGEAR
GROUNDLOOP打地转NOSEOVER拿大顶MARGIN斜度
CHOCK轮挡BUNGEECORD弹簧索(减震支柱)
SHOCKABSORBER减震器、缓冲器RUBBERBLOCK橡皮块(减震器)
OIL—AIRSTRUT油气式减震支柱TAILWHEELGEAR后三点式起
落架
TRICYCLEGEAR前三点式起落架ANTISKID防滑装置SHOCKSTRUT减震
支柱
NAVIGATION
DEWPOINT露点NOISEABATEMENT减噪
VOR(VERY-HIGH—FREGUENCYOMINI-DIRECTIONALRANGE)甚高频全向信标
VORORIENTATIONVOR定向、定位THRESHOLD跑道入
AIRDATAINERTIALREFERENCEUNITS(ADIRU)大气数据惯性基准组件
DIGITALDISTANCEANDRADIOMAGNETICINDICATOR(DDRMI)数字距离无线电磁指示器
GPWS(GROUNDPROXIMITYWARNINGSYSTEM)近地警告系统
ADF(AUTOMATICDIRECTIONFINDER)自动定向仪
DME(DISTANCEMEASURINGEQUIPMENT)测距仪
PFV(FLIGHTPATHVECTOR)飞行航经引导
TCAS(TRAFFICANDCOLLISIONAVOIDANCESYSTEM)空中交通避撞系统
CAGINGKNOB锁定旋钮
AIRMISS危险接近APUAUXILIARYPOWERUNIT辅助动力装置)
GAUGE表INDUCTIONSYSTEM进气系统TRANSITION
过渡
FACILITY设施MSA(MINIMUMSAFEALTITUDE)最低安全高度
PLANVIEW平面图OUTBOUND背台HOLDING等待
MOCA最低超障高度MAP复飞点
LDA可用着陆距离MLS微波着陆系统SDF简易定向设施
PAR初始进近雷达MSL平均海平面TEARDROPPATTERN修正角
HAT高出接地点的高HAA高出机场的高MEA最小航路高RVR
跑道视程
ROTATE抬轮STICKSHAKER抖杆OVERSHOOT目测过高
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