icao

更新时间:2023-01-04 06:24:20 阅读: 评论:0


2023年1月4日发(作者:daughter)

准备ICAO英语考试时总结了不少,在此把总结的内容上传分享一下。手打难免错漏,请见谅,

我只是一名刚毕业的飞行学员关于专业知识理解不到位之处还请帮忙纠正

考的是语言能力不需要很专业因为考官本身也不是专业的飞行员只要有一些关于飞行的普

遍认知就好有一定的专业知识就好

做最充足的准备应对考试应该是得心应手的考试的听力比较清晰而且比平时自己训练的听

力简单语速较慢并且没有BACKGROUNDWHISTLE

这个是英语学习所以多听多说才是硬道理就应试而言多听录音多听陆空通话就提高语

言能力而言多看美剧多模仿多听英文歌多开口说纠正发音语气断句等

前三部分只有自己练习第四部分可以外力帮助提高更快

只是本人一些愚见不足为据啊

祝逢考必过

下面的大多都是针对第四部分OPI(oralproficiencyinterview)

OPI包含5个部分:1warmup2levelcheck3probe4picturedescribe5wrapup

一)vocabulary(最后附有各个系统专业词汇)

对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳

三个应答机特殊编码:编码自己查不便说。从小到大分别是hijack,radiofailure,distress

conditions

PANPAN和MAYDAY的区别:

PANPAN:needassistancetimelyurgencysituation

MAYDAY:needassistanceimmediatelydistresssituation

乘务员flight/cabinattendant驾驶舱职权梯度cockpitauthoritygradient

机库hangar接通/断开自驾engage/dingageAP

地形terrain人因humanfactors

活物牲畜livestock绕飞detour

界面交界处interface修改modifyamend

试车enginerunup烂泥slush

减速妨碍retard积累accumulation

湿度humidity降雨量precipitation

气喘asthma腹泻diarrhea

调度签派dispatch信号员marshaller

开往驶往Boundfor放油fueldumpjettison

预期anticipate污染contaminate

外形configuration致命的fatal

分院branchflightcollege炸药dynamite

手榴弹grenade恢复revert

Humanerrorchain:peoplemakesmistake,takeleadstoanotherto

anothertoanotherwhichleadstoanaccident

IRS:inertialreferencesystem惯性基准系统

干预interfere配件附件accessory

气动的pneumatic有形的具体的concrete

临界的marginal连续touchandgo

起落Trafficcircuit补充replenish

全停fullstop物质物品substance

拉紧绷紧strain踝关节ankle肘部elbow

对正跑道aligntherunwayPOB:peopleonboard

改装训练transitiontraining劫机犯hijacker

陆空对话radiotelephonycommunication

前轮转弯机构nowheelsteering执行execute疏散evacuation

机长的四条杠的含义:1flyingskill2knowledge3profession4responsibility

提供饮食及服务cater(主要在地面装载时会用到)

RNP---—requirednavigationperformance所需导航性能

RDH—-—-thresholdheight跑道入口高度

二)几个主要系统组成及功用

1LANDINGGEARSYSTEM

很多图是关于重着陆,事故以及事故症候的,事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况,damaged,

unabletoextend,tiresblow-out,smokefrommaingear等情况,所以遇到这一类型的图就可以引申出对

于LANDINGGEARSYSTEM的问题来考验对系统的认知。

Tricyclegeararrangement前三点shockstrut减震支柱bumper减震器

Manualextensionhandles人工放下起落架手柄

Nowheelarrangementadvantages:

1)itallowsmoreforcefulapplicationofbrakesforhigherlandingspeedwithoutnosingover.

2)itpermitsbettervisibilityforthepilotsduringlandingandtaxing

3)ittendstopreventaircraftfromground-loopingbymovingtheC。Gforwardofthemaingear.

Landinggearsafetydevis:

1)Mechanicaldownlock———----——-topreventaccidentaloperationofthemechanical

downlocks,electricallyoperatedsafetyswitchesareinstalled。

2)Safetyswitches-—————--—-—--—--—Thetorquelinksspreadapartormovetogetherasthe

shockstrutpistonextendsorretractsinitscylinder.

3)Groundlock--———---—-——--——onecommontypeofapininstalledinalignedholesdrilledin2

ormoreunitsofthelandinggearsupportstructure.

2HYDRAULICSYSTEM

第四部分里面有一张图是关于hydraulicsystem的,建议这个系统多熟悉一下

Unitscommonlyoperatedbyhydraulicsystem:

Landinggears,wingflaps,slats,speedandwheelbrakes,nowheelsteering,

Primaryflightsurfaces

hydraulicsystemcomponents:

anenginedrivenpump,afilter,arervoir,apressureregulator,anaccumulator,

apressuregauge,areliefvalve,anemergencypump,twocheckvalves,

alectorvalve,anactuatingcylinder

operation

theenginedrivenpumpwhichisdirectlycoupledtotheenginewilloperatewhentheengineisrunning.

Thepumpdrawsfluidfromrervoirandexpelstothesystemthroughthefilterandacheckvalveandthe

pressurecanbebuiltup。thepressureregulatorunloadsorrelievestheenginedrivenpumpwhenthe

desiredpressureinthesystemachieved。thusit’softenreferredtoasanunloadingvalve。Intheevent

ofmalfunctionofpressureregulator,thereliefvalvewillreleaanypressureabovethatmaintainedby

theregulator.

3AIRCONDITIONINGANDPRESSSURIZATIONSYSTEM

Thecabinairconditioningandpressurizationsystemsuppliesconditionedairforheatingand

ralsoprovidespressurizationtomaintainasafe

theairconditioningsystemsinstalledinmodern

recalledaircycle

system.

Functionofairconditioningsystem:

icalsystemthetemperature

ismeasuredandcomparedtothedesiredttingofthetemperaturecontrols。

1supplyventilationair

2supplyheatedair

3supplycooledair

Functionofcabinpressurecontrolsystem:

Toprovidecabinpressureregulation,pressurerelief,vacuumrelief,andthemeansof

lectingthedesiredcabinaltitude.

4WINGTIPDEVICES—-————---——improvetheefficiencyof

fixed-wingaircraft,intendedeffectidalwaystoreducethedragbyalteringtheairflownearthe

wingtips。

5APU----—--AUXILIARYPOWERUNIT

Function——--—toprovidepowertostartthemainengines。Turbineenginesmustbeacceleratedtoa

highrotationalspeedinordertoprovidesufficientaircompressionforlf—sustainingoperation。Before

enginesaretobeturned,theAPUisstarted,generallybyabatteryorhydraulicaccumulator。Once

theAPUisrunning,itprovidespower(electric,pneumatic,orhydraulic,dependingonthedesign)

tostarttheaircraft'smainengines。

APUsfittedtoETOPS(Extended—rangeTwin-engineOperations)aircraftareacriticalsafetydevice,

astheysupplybackupelectricityandcompresdairinplaceofthedeadengineorfailedmainengine

generator。

三)特勤处置

先说一下CRM-————COCKPITRESOURCEMANAGEMENT

CRM包括4部分

1:establishgoodcommunicationwithcrewmembers,sothatwecanpreventandcorrectanymistakes.

2:takefulladvantageofthefacilitiesonboardandthegroundnavaids.

3:operatetheaircraftstrictlyaccordingtothemanualandSOPs。

4:complywiththeaviationregulations.

关于EMERGENCY,处置

staycalm,maintaintherightconfigurationandattitude。

thecrewmembersshouldaccomplisheachother’sownduty,findthecauanddotheright

checklist,followstandardprocedures。

reporttoATCyourlocation,situationonboard,andintention。Requestlandingpriorityif

possible.

这里只是提供一个大致框架,具体特勤具体分析,如ENGINEFAILURE,BOMBONBOARD,GEARJAM等,

具体的细节就只有自己去丰满。

关于SICKPASSENGERONBOARD的处置:

havethecabinattendanttotakefirstaid

informthepasngerstofindifthere’sdoctoronboardsothatwecanaskforhelp

informtheATC,requestlandingpriorityordiverttothenearestsuitableairport,andrequest

ambulanceanddoctorsreadyatlanding

我在考试的时候遇到关于SUFFERFROMHEARTATTACK的乘客

四)口试

OPI的前三部分只会涉及很少的专业问题,所以这三部分可以一起来看和准备。说的直白一点,这几部分

就是和考官扯淡,但是扯淡要注意尺度,不要使劲扯,扯淡变成扯蛋会有一点痛的。这里部分会过渡到一些

飞行相关的问题。分院,飞行经历,所飞机型,小时数,所遇特勤,职业特性,基本可以概括为一次完整的

飞行过程。建议考前写一篇关于自己飞行的文章,涵盖以上一些信息。到时候遇到可以触类旁通,把你准

备的说出来.同时也是做一个引导,引导考官就你的信息中挖掘问题,这样会比较占主动性。

E。G:

Thatchoosingtobeapilotasmycareermakesmeproudandmakesmyfamilyproud。Thisisanoblejob.

Comeon,eofourworks,aboycanmeethisbonnylass,afatherbackfrom

businesstripcangivehisdaughterawarmhug,businessmencansigntheircontractsintime,and

packagesaredeliveredtoyourdoorontime。Allthegivemeafeelingofsuccess,afeelingofhappiness.

Andbesides,thisisajobwithgoodsalaryandcomparativelyhighsocialstatus。Iudtoconsiderthat

it'asytobeapilot。Youknow,justliketheunprofessionalpeoplethinks:pilotngagetheAPafter

takeoff,thenplannedroute,plannedlevel,plannedeverything。Allthepilotsneedtodoisdingaging

theAPwhentheaircraftcomestotheshortfinal,andmakeaperfectlanding,taxitotherightgate。

That'sall。Itlookasyandemsthateverybodycandothat。ButI’vechangedmymindafterallthe

thingsI'vebeenthroughintheGUANGHANflightcollegewhereIactuallylearnthowtocontroland

manageanaircraftandhowtobeaprofessionalpilot。There’salongwaytogo,andthattakestime。

TheveryfirstruleIlearnistobepatient,reisa“13—hours—checkride”whichistto

checkwhetherthestudentisskillfulortalentedenoughtobeapilot。Thisisacruelcheckforthe

students,edmyshirtandtheheadphonethatdayinthecockpit。

Butluckyme,Ipasd。ThisisthemostprecioustreasureinmylifethatIwishIwouldneverexperience

again.

附加:各个系统词汇

AirConditioningSystem

PACK空调主件HOTBLEEDAIR热引气

OUTLETDUCT外流管BYPASSVALVE旁通活门RAMAIR冲压

空气

INLETSCOOP进气口TRIMAIRVALVE调节空气

EXTRACTORFAN排气风扇GUARDEDFLAP有保护盖的导片

BLOWER鼓风机EXTRCTOR排风扇OVERBOARD机外

ONBOARD机上OPEN-CIRCUIT开路CLOSED—CIRCUIT闭路

CONFIGURATION形态PASSENGERLOAD乘客载荷DOWNSTREAM下游

STANDINGWATER积水ATLN(ALTERNATE)备份CHANNEL通道

PNEUMATIC气源DUAL双的SWITCHOVER交换

PRE—COOLER预冷机COOLANT冷却剂AMBER琥珀色

VENTILATION通风CIRCUITBREAKER跳开关PRESSURIZATION(增压)

FLAPPERVALVES瓣状活门PROFILE剖面TOGGLE扳钮开关

VACUUM真空ISAOBARIC等压BAROMETRIC气压

PRESSUREDIFFERENTIALS压差ANEROIDSWITCH膜盒气压

STBY(STANDBY)备份DCDIRECTCURRENCY直流电

DITCH水上迫降SUPERCHARGER增压器INADVERTENT偶然的

LEAKAGE漏、渗APRON停机坪CEILING顶板ACCESSORY副

THROTTLELEVER油门杆CRUISE巡航

NEGATIVERELIEFVALVE负压释放活门POSITIVEPRESSURE正压

AIRPORTELEVATION机场标高AUTOPILOT(自动驾驶)

MOMENTUM动量MIMICKING模仿GLARE-SHIELD遮光板

Performance

ACTUATORS制动器SURVEILLANCE监视QUADRANT油门操纵杆

FLEX(FLEXIBLE)灵活的

MCT(MAXIMUMCONTINUETHRUST)最大连续推力

ELEVATORS升降舵AILERON副翼NAVAID助航

SID(STANDARDINSTRUMENTDEPARTURE)标准仪表离场

STAR(STANDARDTERMINALARRIVALROUTE)标准进场程序

MISSEDAPPROACH(GOAROUND)复飞

DYNAMIC动力的AUGMENTATION增加、增益

FLIGHTENVELOPE飞行包线

CDU(CONTOLDISPLAYUNIT)控制显示组件

FMA(FLIGHTMODEANNUNCIATOR)飞行方式显示器

ADIRS(AIRDATAANDINERTIALREFERENCESYSTEM)大气数据及惯性基准系统

MCP(MODECONTROLPANEL)方式控制面板

GPS(GLOBALPOSITIONINGSYSTEM)全球定位系统

FLARE平飘TOUCHDOWN接地点FLY-BY—WIRE电传操纵

ACELEROMETER加速器ALIGNMENT对准、校准

SERVOMOTOR伺服马达GYROSCOPE陀螺

THRUSTREDUCTIONALT减推力高度REVERSE反推

ARM预位FPA(FLIGHTPATHANGLE)飞行航径角LOCALIZER航向道

IDLE慢车DETENT卡位FPV(FLIGHTPATHVECTOR)飞行航径矢量

CRM(COCKPITRESOURCEMANAGEMENT)驾驶舱资源管理

PF(PILOT-FLIGHT)把杆飞行员

PFD(PRIMARYFLIGHTDISPLAY)主飞行显示PULLEY滑轮ROLL滑跑

SCROLL翻动、卷起SLEW上下选页VELOCITY速度

DATABASELOADER数据库装载机

ALPHA/NUMERICKEYBOARD字母/数字键盘

DYNAMICANDBACKGROUDDATA动态和背景数据

TROPOPAUSE对流层顶ALIGNMENT校准

EFOB(ESTIMATEDFUELONBOARD)预计机上燃油

ETA(ESTIMATEDTIMEOFARRIVING)预计到达时间

ADC(AIRDATACOMPUTER)大气数据计算机

CRT(CATHODERAYTUBE)阴极射线管

LSK(LINESELECTKEY)行选键TERMINALAREA终端区域

COORDINATE经纬度RNVAAREANAVIGATION区域导航EN-ROUTE在航

路上

CFDS(CENTRALIZEDFAULTDISPLAYSYSTEM)集中显示系统

VIBRATIONS振动IMPULSES脉冲CURVATURE弯曲曲度

TRANSCEIVER无线电收发机

INTERPHONE内话机EVACUATION疏散

KNOB旋钮BUZZER蜂鸣声

FLIGHTCONTROLSYSTEM

REJECTEDT/O中断起飞CONVENTIONAL通用的

WHEEL驾驶盘COLUMN驾驶杆PEDAL脚蹬

SURFACE舵面RUDDER方向舵SPEED-BRAKE减速板

FLAP襟翼STABTRIM调整片OVERRIDESWITCH超控电门

AWDAMPER偏航阻尼器CENTERINGMECHANISM定中机械SWEEP

BACK后掠

SPOILER扰流板JAM卡阻ROLL滚转(横滚)PITCH俯仰

STABILIZER安定面YAW偏航YAWDAMPERRATEGYRO偏航率陀螺仪

LONGITUDINALAXIS纵轴VERTICALAXIS垂轴LATERALAXIS横轴

ACTUATINGCYLINDER作动筒AIRFOIL翼部面

SECONDARYFLIGHTCONTROL辅助飞行操纵

HIGHLIFTDEVICE增升装置

TRAILINGEDGE(TE)后缘LEADINGEDGE(LE)前缘

POWERTRANSFERUNIT(PTU)动力传输装置STALL失速

MANEUVER机动飞行INBOARD内侧OURBOARD外侧

SLOTTED开缝的THREESLOTTEDFLAP三开缝襟翼DRAG阻力

COMPARATOR比较仪ROLLRATE滚转率MIXER混合器

DEFLECTION偏转AERODYNAMICMEANCHORD平均空气动力弦

TORQUE扭力JACK千斤顶

FIREPROTECTION

OVERHEAT超温FIREDETECTION探火FIREDETECTIONLOOP探火环

FIREALERT火警戒FAULTMONITORINGCIRCUIT失效监控电路

WARNINGBELL火警铃GROUNDPROXIMITY近地

ENGINEINDICATINGANDCREWALERTINGSYSTEM(EICAS)发动机指示和机组警戒系统

ENGINENACELLE发动机舱CARGOCOMPARTMENT货舱

MALFUNCTION失效SMOKEDETECTION烟雾探测LOCKDOWN下锁

SHUTDOWN关车UNLOCK开锁TRIP跳开关

THRUSTREVERSER反推CARBONDIOXIDE(CO2)二氧化碳TOXICITY毒性

ELECTRICALSYSTEM

GENERATE发电DISTRIBUTE配电ESSENTIALPOWER重要设备电源

VOLTAGE电压PHASE相BUS汇流条

TRANSFORMERRECTIFIERUNIT(TRU)变压整流器

LIGHTINGCIRCUIT照明电路EMERGENCYPOWER应急电源

STANDBYPOWER备用电源ONBOARD机载

STATICINVERTER静变流机BATTERY电瓶FREQUENCY电频

RAMAIR-DRIVERGENERATOR冲压空气驱动发电机

ENGINE-DRIVENGENERATOR发动机驱动的发电机

BATTERYCHARGER电瓶充电器

LOAD载荷、电荷TRIPOFF跳开CHARGE充电

SERVICEBUS勤务汇流条SPLITBUS分裂汇流条

BUSTIEBREAKER(BTB)汇流条连接断路器

GENERATORCONTROLUNIT(GCU)发动机控制组件

MONITOR监控DIVISION分配

FUEL

INNERFUELTANK内侧燃油箱INTEGRALTANK整体油箱

WING/FUSELAGESTRUCTURE机翼/机身结构WINGTIP翼尖

FUELNOZZLE燃油喷嘴VENTSURGETANK通风(防震动)油箱

SPILLAGE溢出DIVERT转向GROSSWEIGHT(GW)全重

E/WDENGINEANDWARNINGDISPLAY发动机警告指示

CROSSFEEDVALVE交输供油活门

CONDENSATIONOFMOISTURE水气凝结SURGETANK通风油箱

HYDRAULICSYSTEM

RESERVOIR液压油箱、水库FILTER滤器、滤纸

ACCUMULATOR储压器、储蓄器EXPEL排出、赶出

PISTON活塞CHARGE释放、放出WHEELBRAKE机轮刹

车装置

NOSEWHEELSTEERING前轮转向操纵

PRIMARYFLIGHTCONTROLSURFACE主飞行操纵面

PRESSUREREGULATOR调压器

EMERGENCYPUMP应急泵CHECKVALVE单向活门

SELECTORVALVE选择活门ACTUATINGVALVE卸荷活门

PREDETERMINEDVALVE预定值BALLVALVE球形活门

RETURNLINE回油管路SPRAY喷、向……喷射

PERFORATE穿孔于HERMALANTI-ICINGSYSTEM热防冰系统

WINDSHIELD风挡ENGINECOWL发动机整流罩

STATICPORT静压口BIRD-STRIKE鸟击

AOA(THEANGLEOFATTTACK)迎角

TAT(TOTALAIRTEMPERATURE)全温

SAT(STATICAIRTEMPERATURE)静温

EIS(电子仪表系统)

ATTENTIONGATTER提醒灯CHRONOGRAPH记时器

ELAPSEDTIME已飞时间PARAMETER参数CHECKLIST检查单

DISPENSEWITH省略UN-CLUTTER混乱SIDESLIP侧滑

UTC(COORDINATEDUNIVERSALTIME)协调世界时

SCHEMATIC图解形式EADI电子姿态指示器EHSI水平状态指示器

BEARINGPOINTER方位指针DECISIONHEIGHT决断高度

ADF(AUTOMATICDIRECTIONFINDER)自动定向机

INTERFACE界面、接口REFERENCELINE参考线

DFDR(DIGITALFLIGHTDATARECORDER)数字式飞行数据记录器

RAWDATA原始数据AIDS飞机集成数据系统

ECAM(ELECTRONICCENTRALIZEDAIRCRAFTMONITOR)电子飞机集中监控

LANDINGGEAR

GROUNDLOOP打地转NOSEOVER拿大顶MARGIN斜度

CHOCK轮挡BUNGEECORD弹簧索(减震支柱)

SHOCKABSORBER减震器、缓冲器RUBBERBLOCK橡皮块(减震器)

OIL—AIRSTRUT油气式减震支柱TAILWHEELGEAR后三点式起

落架

TRICYCLEGEAR前三点式起落架ANTISKID防滑装置SHOCKSTRUT减震

支柱

NAVIGATION

DEWPOINT露点NOISEABATEMENT减噪

VOR(VERY-HIGH—FREGUENCYOMINI-DIRECTIONALRANGE)甚高频全向信标

VORORIENTATIONVOR定向、定位THRESHOLD跑道入

AIRDATAINERTIALREFERENCEUNITS(ADIRU)大气数据惯性基准组件

DIGITALDISTANCEANDRADIOMAGNETICINDICATOR(DDRMI)数字距离无线电磁指示器

GPWS(GROUNDPROXIMITYWARNINGSYSTEM)近地警告系统

ADF(AUTOMATICDIRECTIONFINDER)自动定向仪

DME(DISTANCEMEASURINGEQUIPMENT)测距仪

PFV(FLIGHTPATHVECTOR)飞行航经引导

TCAS(TRAFFICANDCOLLISIONAVOIDANCESYSTEM)空中交通避撞系统

CAGINGKNOB锁定旋钮

AIRMISS危险接近APUAUXILIARYPOWERUNIT辅助动力装置)

GAUGE表INDUCTIONSYSTEM进气系统TRANSITION

过渡

FACILITY设施MSA(MINIMUMSAFEALTITUDE)最低安全高度

PLANVIEW平面图OUTBOUND背台HOLDING等待

MOCA最低超障高度MAP复飞点

LDA可用着陆距离MLS微波着陆系统SDF简易定向设施

PAR初始进近雷达MSL平均海平面TEARDROPPATTERN修正角

HAT高出接地点的高HAA高出机场的高MEA最小航路高RVR

跑道视程

ROTATE抬轮STICKSHAKER抖杆OVERSHOOT目测过高

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