swelling

硬皮病主要治疗药物

Raynaud’sPhenomenon

雷诺氏现象

CalciumChannelBlockers

钙通道阻滞剂

ThemedicationsareudtotreatRaynaud’sphenomenonandreducehighbloodpressure,a

conditionthatincreastheworkloadoftheheartandarteriesandcanleadtomalfunctionofthe

mchannelblockersaffectthemovementofcalciumintothecellsoftheheartandblood

vesls,increasingthesupplyofbloodandoxygentotheheartwhilereducingtheheart’sworkload.

Thedrugscanrelaxbloodveslmusclesandmayslowtheheartrate.

Sideeffects:Themostcommonsideeffectsareswellingofankles,feetorlowerlegs,lowblood

pressure,

commonarechestpain;dizziness,lightheadednessorfainting;actionsincludeswelling

ofarms,face,legs,lips,tongueorthroat;shortnessofbreath;rapidheartrate.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:nifedipine(Procardia®,Adalat®),amlodipine(Norvasc®),diltiazem(DilacorXR®,

Cardizem®,Tiazac®),verapamil(Calan®,Verelan®,Isoptin®),felodipine(Plendil®),nisoldipine(Sular®),

bepridil(Vascor®),isradipine(DynaCirc®),nicardipine(Cardene®),nisoldipine(Sular®),prazosin

(Minipress®)

AngiotensinIIReceptorAntagonists

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂

Thedrugsrelaxbloodveslsbyblockingtheactionofanaturalchemicalinsidethebodythatnarrows

bloodvesls,leadingtohighbloodpressure.

Sideeffects:Headacheismostcommon;lesscommonarecough,feverorsorethroat,dizziness,back

pain,nasalcongestion.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:losatan(Cozaar®),valsartan(Diovan®)

AngiotensinConvertingEnzyme(ACE)Inhibitors

血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂

ACEinhibiusthe

bloodveslstorelaxandlowersbloodpressure,increasingthesupplyofbloodandoxygentotheheart.

Sideeffects:Swellingofface,mouth,handsorfeet;dizziness,lightheadednessorfainting;skinrash,

ion,irregularheartbeat,nervousness,numbnessortinglinginhands,feetor

lips,shortnessofbreath,difficultybreathing,weaknessorheavinessoflegscanbesignsoftoomuch

potassiuminthebody,caudbythemedication.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:captopril(Capoten®),benazepril(Lotensin®),lisinopril(Prinivil®,Zestril®),

ramipril(Altace®),enalapril(Vasotec®)

JointStiffnessandPain

关节僵硬和疼痛

NSAIDS

非类固醇消炎药

Nonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs)areudtorelievesomesymptomscaudbyarthritis

(rheumatism),suchasinflammation,swelling,epeoplewithcertain

medicalconditions,

riskisincreadforpeoplewhotaketheproductdailyorregularly,particularlyfortho65andoveror

whotakecorticosteroidssuchasPrednisone.

Sideeffects:Themostcommonsideeffectsareabdominalorstomachcramps,painordiscomfort(mild

tomoderate);diarrhea(iftakingmefenamicacid,stoptakingitandcheckwithyourdoctorimmediately);

dizziness,drowsinessorlightheadedness;headache(mildtomoderate);heartburn,indigestion,naua

orvomiting.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:aspirin(Bayer®,’s®),ibuprofen(Advil®,Motrin®),naproxen

(Naprosyn®,Aleve®),nabumeton(Relafen®),flurbiprofen(Ansaid®),fenoprofen(Nalfon®),diclofenac

(Voltaren®,Cataflam®),meloxicam(Mobic®),diclofenacandmisoprostol(Arthrotec®),diclofenacsodium

(Voltaren®),etodolac(Lodine®),indomethacin(Indocin®),ketoprofen(Orudis®),ketorolac(Toradol®),

oxaprozin(Daypro®),piroxicam(Feldene®),suldinac(Clinoril®)

COX-2Inhibitors

COX-2抑制剂

Thedrugswork-2

inhibitorsareudtorelievesymptomssuchasinflammation,swelling,e

atypeofNSAID.

Caution:Ifyouareusinganon-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug(NSAID)suchascelecoxib(Celebrex®),

withanACEinhibitor,somestudiessuggestthatNSAIDsmayreducetheeffectivenessoftheACE

tyourphysician.

Sideeffects:Themostcommonsideeffectsarebackpain,dizziness,gas,headache,heartburn,

insomnia,naua,painorburninginthroat,stomachpainandstuffyorrunnyno.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:celecoxib(Celebrex®)

Analgesics

镇痛药

Acetaminophenisananalgesicudtorelievepain(headaches,muscleaches)

aspirin,itdoesnotrelieveredness,stiffnessorswelling,thoughitmayrelievethepaincaudbymild

dicineisavailablewithoutaprescription;checkwithyourphysician,however,if

youaretakingothermedications.

Usingtoomuchacetaminophencanleadtoriousliverdamage(thisriskisincreadinpeoplewho

ualcoholregularly).Avoidtakingmultiplemedicationsthatcontainacetaminophen.

Sideeffects:Thoughrare,checkwithyourdoctorassoonaspossibleifanyofthefollowingsideeffects

occur:bloodyorblack,tarrystools;bloodyorcloudyurine;feverwithorwithoutchills(notprentbefore

treatmentandnotcaudbytheconditionbeingtreated);paininlowerbackand/orside(vereand/or

sharp);pinpointredspotsonskin;skinrash,hivesoritching;sores,ulcersorwhitespotsonlipsorin

mouth;sorethroat(notprentbeforetreatmentandnotcaudbytheconditionbeingtreated);sudden

decreainamountofurine;unusualbleedingorbruising;unusualtirednessorweakness.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:acetaminophen(Tylenol®,Datril®,Aceta®),tramadol(Ultram®)

Low-DoCorticosteroids

低剂量的皮质类固醇

Thecortisone-likemedicinesareudtoprovidereliefforinflamedareasofthebodybylesning

swelling,redness,eoftenudaspartofthetreatmentfora

numberofdifferentdias,suchasvereallergiesorskinproblems,asthmaorarthritis.

Caution:tiontotheirpotentialhelpfuleffects,they

orticosteroids,alsosometimesudtotreatpulmonary

fibrosis,havebeenfoundtoincreariskofsclerodermarenalcrisisandshouldbeudwithcaution

andonlyinthat

youdiscusstherisksandbenefitsofthismedicinewithyourdoctor.

Corticosteroidsmayloweryourresistancetoinfectionsandanyinfectionyougetmaybehardertotreat.

Alwayscheckwithyourdoctorassoonaspossibleifyounoticeanysignsofapossibleinfection,suchas

sorethroat,fever,sneezingorcoughing.

Sideeffects:Themostcommonsideeffectsareincreadappetite,indigestion,nervousnessor

mmonorrarearedarkeningorlighteningofskincolor,dizzinessor

lightheadedness,flushingoffaceorcheeks,increadjointpain(afterinjectionintoajoint),incread

sweatingand/orthensationofspinning.

Form:Oral;injected

Commonbrandname:Prednisone

Narcotics

毒品

theirsideeffectsarealso

rcoticsareudforlongperiodsoftime,your

boyalso

becomehabit-forming,aldependencemayleadto

withdrawalsymptomswhenyoustoptakingthemedicine.

Sideeffects:Dizziness,light-headednessorfeelingfaint,drowsiness,

commonorraresideeffectsareblurredordoublevisionorotherchangesinvision,constipation(more

commonwithlong-termuandwithcodeine),decreainamountofurine,difficultorpainfulurination,

drymouth,falnofwell-being,frequenturgetourinate,generalfeelingofdiscomfortorillness,

headache,lossofappetite,nervousnessorrestlessness,nightmaresorunusualdreams,redness,

swelling,painorburningatplaceofinjection,stomachcrampsorpain,troublesleeping,unusual

tirednessorweakness.

Form:Oral;patch;injection;suppository

Commonbrandnames:acetaminophen/oxycodone(Percot®),acetaminophen/hydrocone(Vicodin®),

oxycodonehydrochloride(Oxycontin®,OxylR®)

GastrointestinalReflux

肠胃返流

Antacids

抗酸

Antacidsworkbyneutralizingexcessstomachacidtorelieveheartburn,sourstomachoracidindigestion.

r,yourdoctormayhavespecial

instructionsontheproperuanddoofthemedicines.

Sideeffects:mmonsideeffectsaremildconstipation,diarrheaand/orincread

thirst.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:Maalox,Mylanta,Phillips,Gaviscon,Rolaids,Tums

H2Blockers

H2受体阻滞剂

HistamineH2-receptorantagonists,alsoknownasH2-blockers,workbydecreasingtheamountofacid

-the-counterstrengths,themedicinesareudtorelieveand/or

preventheartburn,acidindigestionandsourstomach.

Sideeffects:Thoughuncommon,sideeffectsmayincludeconstipation,diarrhea,difficulturination,

dizziness,drowsiness,drynessofmouthorskinand/orheadache.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:nizatidine(Axid®),famotidine(Pepcid®),cimetidine(Tagamet®),ranitidine

(Zantac®)

ProtonPumpInhibitors

质子泵抑制剂

Themedicationsdecreastomachacidproduction,minimizinggastrointestinalrefluxdia,and

helppreventesophagealulcers.

Sideeffects:Thoughuncommon,sideeffectsmayincludeheadache,diarrheaand/

awareoftheincreadriskoffracturesofthehip,wristandspineeninsomeobrvationalstudiesin

patientsusingprotonpumpinhibitors.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:omeprazole(Priloc®;Priloc®OTCisavailableover-the-counter;Zegerid®is

animmediate-releaformofomeprazole),lansoprazole(Prevacid®),esomeprazole(Nexium®),

rabeprazole(Aciphex®),pantoprazole(Protonix®)

IntestinalDysfunction

肠功能紊乱

ProkineticAgents

促动力剂

Metoclopramideisamedicinethatincreasthemovementsorcontractionsofthestomachand

venbyinjection,itisudtohelpdiagnocertainproblemsofthestomachand/or

opramideisalsoud,forashorttime,totreatsymptomssuchasheartburninpatients

whosufferesophagealinjuryfromabackwardflowofgastricacidintotheesophagus.

Sideeffects:Diarrhea—withhighdos,headache,drowsinessand/mmonare

breasttendernessandswelling,changesinmenstruation,constipation,increadflowofbreastmilk,

mentaldepression,naua,skinrash,troublesleeping,unusualdrynessofmouthand/orunusual

irritability.

Form:Oral;injection

Commonbrandnames:bethanecol(Urecholine®),metoclopramide(Reglan®)

SomatostatinAgonist

生长抑素激动剂

Thismedication,octreotide,tidewillbe

eitherinjectedsubcutaneously(beneaththeskin)oraddedtoanintravenousdripfor15-30minutes,one

ysicianmaymeasuretheeffectivenessandsideeffectsofyourtreatment

usinglaboratorytestsandphysicalexaminations.

Sideeffects:Sideeffectsfromoctreotidearenotcommon,thoughpainorburningattheinjectionsite

urphysicianifanyofthesymptomsarevereordonotgoaway:

uptstomach,vomiting,diarrhea,stomachpain,bloating,flatulence,lossofappetiteorincread

hunger.

Form:Intravenous

Commonbrandname:octreotideacetate(Sandostatin®)

Antibiotics

抗生素

Reducedmovementoftheintestinescanleadtobacterialovergrowthwhichinturncanleadtodiarrhea

teriacanbetreatedbyantibiotics,whicharebestprescribedona

rotationalbasistohelppreventdevelopmentofresistantstrains.

Sideeffects:Naua,vomiting,diarrheaand/gedumaybecomplicatedby

superinfection—aconditionproducedbysuddengrowthofatypeofbacteria,differentfromtheoriginal

offenders.

Form:Oral;injection;intravenous

Commonbrandnames:amoxicillin/clavulanate(Augmentin®),ampicillin,metronidazole(Flagyl®),

tetracycline,vancomycin,ciprofloxacin(Cipro®),clarithromyacin(Biaxin®),azithromycin(Zithromax®)

BacktoTop

Renal(Kidney)InvolvementandHighBlood

Pressure

高血压肾病

Sclerodermapatientsgenerallyhavelowbloodpressure,soevenmodestincreasinbloodpressure

couldbtwayto

treatrenalcrisisinsclerodermaistocontrolthepatient’sbloodpressure,oftenwithashort-actingACE

inhibitorsuchascaptopril.

AngiotensinConvertingEnzyme(ACE)Inhibitors

血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂

ACEinhibiusthe

bloodveslstorelaxandlowersbloodpressure,increasingthesupplyofbloodandoxygentotheheart.

Caution:DonotuACEinhibitorsifyouarepregnant,intendtobecomepregnantorthinkyouare

nantwomen,ACEinhibitorscanlowerbloodpressuretodangerouslylowlevelsand/or

einformation,ethepackageinrtforthedrugorcontactyour

reusinganon-steroidal,anti-inflammatorydruglikecelecoxib(Celebrex®)whileyouare

takinganACEinhibitor,beawarethattheNSAIDmayreducetheeffectivenessoftheACEinhibitorto

tyourphysician.

Sideeffects:Swellingofface,mouth,handsorfeet;dizziness,lightheadednessorfainting;skinrash;

ion,irregularheartbeat,nervousness,numbnessortinglinginhands,feetor

lips,shortnessofbreath,difficultybreathing,cough,weaknessorheavinessoflegscanbesignsoftoo

muchpotassiuminthebody,caudbythemedication.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:captopril(Capoten®),benazepril(Lotensin®),lisinopril(Prinivil®,Zestril®)ramipril

(Altace®),enalapril(Vasotec®),quinapril(Accupril®),fosinopril(Monopril®),moexipril(Univasc®),

trandolapril(Mavik®)

PulmonaryArterialHypertension

肺动脉高压

Pulmonaryhypertensionresultsfromhighbloodpressurethatoccursinthemainarterythatcarriesblood

esmallerbloodveslsinthelungsbecomemore

resistanttobloodflow,therightventriclemustworkhardertopumpbloodthroughthelungs.

ProstaglandinDerivatives

前列腺素衍生物

Epoprostenolbelongstothegroupofagentscalledprostaglandins,whichoccurnaturallyinthebody

stenolworksbyrelaxingbloodveslsand

increasingbloodtothelungs.

Sideeffects:Withinitialdosageadjustmentsand/ordosageexcess:diarrhea,rapidheartbeat,

headache,light-headednessorfainting,naua,rednessoffaceorneck(flushing)and/

commonsideeffectsareanxietyand/ornervousness;diarrhea;dizziness;fluorinfection-likesymptoms,

suchaschills,confusion,delirium,light-headednessorfainting,rapidheartbeat,feverand/orrapid,

shallowbreathing;headache;jawpain(whenchewing);localinfectionatthecathetersite;painat

injectionsite;paininmusclesorbones;rednessofface(flushing);unusualbleedingsuchasnobleeds

orbleedinggumsorbruising.

Form:Epoprostenolmustbeadministeredcontinuouslybyaportablepumpthatisoperatedbyasmall

icinewillbedelivereddirectlytotheheartthroughacatheterthatwillbeinrtedinto

aveininthechest.

Commonbrandname:Flolan®

Treprostinil

前列腺素？

edtotreatsymptomsofprimarypulmonary

hypertensionbyrelaxingbloodveslsandincreasingthesupplyofbloodtothelungs,thusreducing

stressontheheart.

Sideeffects:Asidefrominfectionfrombacteriaatthesiteofinfusion,themostcommonincludeedema

(swelling);accumulationofblood,and/ordry,red,hotorirritatedskinand/orhardeningofskinatinfusion

site;flushing,faintness,mmonareblurredvision,confusion,

dizziness;suddensweating;unusualtirednessorweakness.

Form:Mustbeadministeredbycontinuousintravenousinfusion

Commonbrandname:Remodulin®

Iloprost

伊洛前列素

Iloprostisastable,inhalableformofprostacyclin,axingeffectonthe

antageofinhalediloprostisthatitisintroduced

directlytothelungs,thusavoidingpotentialsideeffectstotherestofthebody.

Sideeffects:Headache,cough,flushing,jawpain,lowbloodpressure,spasmofjawmusclesand/or

influenza-likesyndrome.

Form:Inhaled

Commonbrandname:Ventavis®

EndothelinReceptorAntagonists

内皮素受体拮抗剂

Thedrugsworkbypreventingasmallprotein,endothelin-1,king

theendothelinreceptors,thebloodsupplytothelungsincreasandworkloadoftheheartdecreas.

Sideeffects:ideeffects

includeblurredvision,confusion,dizziness,darkurine,faintnessorlightheadedness,fever,chills,light

coloredstools,lossofappetite,nauaandvomiting,stomachpain,suddensweating,unusualtiredness

orweaknessan/ngislesscommon.

Form:Oral

Commonbrandnames:bontan(Tracleer®),ambrintan(Letairis®)

Phosphosdiesteratype5(PDE5)inhibitors

PDE5抑制剂

PDEtyentwitha

laxessmoothmuscles,soarterialbloodflowincreasin

thelungsandpulmonaryarterialhypertensiondecreas.

Caution:DonottakePDEtype5inhibitorswithnitroglycerinorothernitratesasthecombinationof

drugsmaylowerbloodpressuretodangerouslevels.

Sideeffects:Headache,facialflushing,nobleeds,mmonside

effectsarebluishorblurredvision,ornsitivitytolight.

Form:Oral

Brandname:sildenafilcitrate(Revatio®),tadalafil(Adcirca®)

PulmonaryFibrosis(Alveolitis)

肺纤维化（肺泡炎）

Immunosuppressants

免疫抑制剂

Thisclassofdrugsworksbyweakeningthebody'simmunesystemsoitwillnotattackatransplanted

organorthebody’sowntissueinthecaofautoimmunedias.

Caution:Cyclophosphamide(Cytoxan®,Neosar®),mycophenolatemofetil(CellCept®),azathioprine

(Imuran®)shouldnotbegivenifyouarepregnant,intendtobecomepregnantorthinkyouarepregnant.

Thedre

information,etheproductinrt,consultyourphysicianorcontactthedrugmanufacturer.

Sideeffects:oodpressure,kidneyandliver

munosuppressantsmaycontributetothedevelopmentofnewcancers.

effectsarebleedingand/ortenderorenlarged

mmonareizures,feverorchills,vomiting,deeffectsare

confusion,irregularheartbeat,numbnessortinglinginhands,feetorlips,shortnessofbreath,difficult

breathing,verestomachpain,nervousness,unusualtirednessorweakness,weightloss.

Form:Oral;injected

Commonbrandnames:cyclosporine(Neoral®,Sandimmune®),mycophenolatemofetil(CellCept®),

azathioprine(Imuran®),methotrexate(Rheumatrex®,Trexall®),D-penicillamine(Cuprimine®,Depen®)

Alkylatingagents

烷化剂

Cyclophosphamideisinaclassofdrugsknownasalkylatingagents,whichsloworstopthegrowthof

hosphamideisudtotreatleukemias,lymphoma,bronchogenic

carcinoma,smallcelllungcarcinoma,eenshowntobeeffectivein

yourdoctoraboutthepossiblerisksofusingthisdrug.(SeeCaution

aboutpossiblepregnancyrisksinvolvedwithCyclophosphamideinImmunosuppressants).

Sideeffects:Thinnedorbrittlehair,darkenedandthickenedskin,blisteringskinoracne,lossofappetite

orweight,mouthblisteringand/hosphamidemaycontributetothedevelopmentofnew

cancers.

Forms:Oral;injected

Commonbrandnames:Cytoxan®,Neosar®

AnoteaboutMinocycline:Arecentcontrolledtrialoftheantibioticminocyclinehasledtotheconclusion

softhestudy,publishedintheFebruary

2004issueof“Arthritis&Rheumatism,”showedadegreeofchangeinthemodifiedRodnanskin

thicknessscore(themeasurementudtodetermineeffectivenessofthedrug)thatissimilartowhatcan

beexpectedinthenaturalcourofthedia.

Sjogren’sSyndrome

干燥综合征

PilocarpineisamuscarinicalkaloidobtainedfromtheleavesoftropicalAmericanshrubsfromthegenus

on-lectivemuscarinicreceptoragonistintheparasympatheticnervoussystem,

whichactstherapeuticallyatthemuscarinicacetylcholinereceptorM3duetoitstopicalapplication.

Pilocarpineincreassalivacretioninthemouthandisudinthetreatmentofdrymouth.

Sideeffects:Dizziness,headache,flushing,urinaryfrequency,naua,excessivesweating,

hypertension,tachycardia.

Forms:Oral

Commonbrandnames:Pilocarpinehydrochloride(Salagen®),cevimelinehydrochloride(Evoxac®)