结汇英语

⾦融相关词汇的英语翻译

ａ

安全⽹safetynet

按可⽐⼝径oncomparablebasis

按轻重缓急toprioritize

暗补implicitsubsidy

暗亏hiddenloss

ｂ

颁发营业执照tolicen;tograntalicenceto

办理存款业务totakedeposits

保护农民的⽣产积极性toprotectfarmers´incentivetoproduce

备付⾦（超额准备⾦）excessrerves

本外币并账consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts

本外币对冲操作sterilizationoperation

本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism

奔⼩康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do

避税（请见"逃税"）taxavoidance

币种搭配不当currencymismatch

币种构成currencycomposition

变相社会集资disguidirregular(orillegal)fundraising

表外科⽬（业务）off-balance-sheetitems(operation)

薄弱环节weakness;loopholes

不变成本fixedcost

不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms

不动产realestate

不良贷款（资产）problemloans;non-performingloans(asts)

ｃ

财务公司financecompanies

财政⾚字fiscaldeficit

财政挤银⾏fiscalpressureonthecentralbank(overmonetarypolicy)

财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies

采取循序渐进的⽅法inaphadandquencedmanner

操作弹性operationalflexibility

操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate

产品构成productcomposition;productmix

产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory

产销率currentperiodinventory;(即期库存，不含前期库存)sales/outputratio

产销衔接marketability

产业政策industrialpolicy

长期国债treasurybonds

敞⼝头⼨openposition

炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket

承购包销underwrite(curities)

成套机电产品completetsofequipment;completeplant(s)

城市信⽤社urbancreditcooperatives(uccs)

城市合作银⾏urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks

城市商业银⾏municipalcommercialbanks

城乡居民收⼊增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthinhouholdincome

持续升温persistentoverheating

重复布点duplicateprojects

重置成本replacementcost

重组计划restructuringplan

筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels

初见成效initialsuccess

出⼝统⼀管理、归⼝经营canalizationofexports

出⼝退税exporttaxrebate

储蓄存款houholddeposits(不完全等同于西⽅的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。)

储蓄分流diversionofhouholddeposits

储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityofhouholdsavings

传导机制transmissionmechanism

从价税advaloremtax

从紧控制tightcontrol

存贷款⽐例loan/depositratio

存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem

存款货币银⾏depositmoneybanks

存款准备⾦requiredrerves

ｄ

打⽩条issueiou

⼤额存单certificateofdeposit(cd)

⼤额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts

⼤⾯积滑坡wide-spreaddecline

⼤⼀统的银⾏体制(all-in-one)mono-banksystem

呆账（请见"坏账"）badloans

呆账准备⾦loanlossrerves(provisions)

呆滞贷款idleloans

贷款沉淀non-performingloans

贷款分类loanclassification

贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toimpocreditceiling

贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary(constraint)mechanism

代理国库toactasfiscalagent

代理⾦融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions

戴帽贷款ear-markedloans

倒逼机制reverdtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition

道德风险moralhazard

地区差别regionaldisparity

第⼀产业theprimaryindustry

第⼆产业thecondaryindustry

第三产业therviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry

递延资产deferrableasts

订货不⾜insufficientorders

定期存款timedeposits

定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources

东道国（请见"母国"）hostcountry

独⽴核算independentaccounting

短期国债treasurybills

对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging

对⾮⾦融部门债权claimsonnon-financialctor

多种所有制形式diversifiedownership

ｅ

恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation

⼆级市场condarymarket

ｆ

发⾏货币toissuecurrency

发⾏总股本totalstockissue

法定准备⾦requiredrerves;rerverequirement

法⼈股institutionalshares

法⼈股东institutionalshareholders

法治ruleoflaw

房地产投资realestateinvestment

放松银根toeamonetarypolicy

⾮现场稽核off-sitesurveillance(ormonitoring)

⾮银⾏⾦融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions

⾮赢利性机构non-profitorganizations

分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem

分业经营gregationoffinancialbusiness(rvices);divisionofbusinessscopebadonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions

风险暴露（风险敞⼝）riskexposure

风险管理riskmanagement

风险意识riskawarenes

风险资本⽐例risk-weightedcapitalratios

风险资本标准risk-badcapitalstandard

服务事业收⼊publicrvicecharges;ur´scharges

扶贫povertyalleviation

负增长negativegrowth

复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount

ｇ

改⾰试点reformexperimentation

杠杆率leverageratio

杠杆收购leveragedbuyout

⾼息集资toraifundsbyofferinghighinterest

个⼈股non-institutionalshares

根本扭转fundamentalturnaround(orreversal)

公开市场操作openmarketoperations

公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts

公⽤事业publicutilities

公有经济thestate-ownedctor;thepublicctor

公有制publicownership

⼯业成本利润率profit-to-costratio

⼯业增加值industrialvalueadded

供⼤于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply

⿎励措施incentives

股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterpris

股份制企业joint-equityenterpris

股份制银⾏joint-equitybanks

固定资产贷款fixedastloans

关税减免tariffreductionandexemption

关税减让tariffconcessions

关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment

规范⾏为toregularize(orstandardize)...behavior

规模效益economiesofscale

国计民⽣nationalinterestandpeople´slivelihood

国家对个⼈其他⽀出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals

国家风险countryrisk

国际分⼯internationaldivisionoflabor

国际收⽀balanceofpayments

国有独资商业银⾏whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks

国有经济（部门）thestate-owned(orpublic)ctor

国有企业state-ownedenterpris(soes)

国有制state-ownership

国有资产流失erosionofstateasts

国债回购governmentcuritiesrepurcha

国债⼀级⾃营商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentcurities

过度竞争excessivecompetition

过度膨胀excessiveexpansion

过热迹象signsofoverheating

ｈ

合理预期rationalexpectation

核⼼资本corecapital

合资企业joint-ventureenterpris

红利dividend

宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance

宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals

宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement(oradjustment)

宏观调控⽬标macroeconomicobjectives(ortargets)

坏账baddebt

还本付息debtrvice

换汇成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings

汇兑在途fundsinfloat

汇兑⽀出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary´sbank

汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates

活期存款demanddeposits

汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment

混合所有制diversified(mixed)ownership

货币政策态势monetarypolicystance

货款拖⽋overdueobligationstosuppliers

ｊ

基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure

基本经济要素economicfundamentals

基本适度broadlyappropriate

基准利率benchmarkinterestrate

机关团体存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions

机会成本opportunitycost

激励机制incentivemechanism

积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory

挤提存款runonbanks

挤占挪⽤unwarranteddiversionof(financial)resources(fromdesignatedus)

技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading

技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct

计划单列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus

计划经济plannedeconomy

集体经济thecollectivector

加⼤结构调整⼒度tointensifystructuraladjustment

加⼯贸易processingtrade

加快态势acceleratingtrend

加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration

加权价weightedaverageprice

价格放开priceliberalization

价格形成机制pricingmechanism

减亏toreduceloss

简化⼿续tocutredtape;tosimplify(streamline)procedures

交投活跃brisktrading

缴存准备⾦todepositrequiredrerves

结构扭曲structuraldistortion

结构失调structuralimbalance

结构性⽭盾突出acutestructuralimbalance

结构优化structuralimprovement(optimization)

结汇、售汇saleandpurchaofforeignexchange

⾦融脆弱financialfragility

⾦融动荡financialturbulence

⾦融风波financialdisturbance

⾦融恐慌financialpanic

⾦融危机financialcrisis

⾦融压抑financialrepression

⾦融衍⽣物financialderivatives

⾦融诈骗financialfraud

紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy

紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies

经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility

经济特区specialeconomiczones(zs)

经济体制改⾰economicreform

经济增长⽅式的转变changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth(frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains)

经济增长减速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth

经济制裁economicsanction

经营⾃主权autonomyinmanagement

景⽓回升recoveryinbusinessactivity

境外投资overasinvestment

竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition

局部性⾦融风波localized(isolated)financialdisturbance

ｋ

开办⼈民币业务toengageinrmbbusiness

可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainableeconomicgrowth

可变成本variablecost

可⾃由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency

控制现⾦投放controlcurrencyissuance

扣除物价因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis

库存产品inventory

跨国银⾏业务cross-borderbanking

跨年度采购cross-yearprocurement

会计准则accountingstandard

ｌ

来料加⼯processingofimportedmaterialsforexport

离岸银⾏业务off-shorebanking(business)

理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntraderegime

利率杠杆的调节作⽤theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation

利润驱动profit-driven

利息回收率interestcollectionratio

联⾏清算inter-bankttlement

连锁企业franchi(business);chainbusiness

良性循环virtuouscycle

两极分化growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution

零售物价指数retailpriceindex(rpi)

流动性⽐例liquidityratio

流动资产周转率／流通速度velocityofliquidasts

流动资⾦贷款workingcapitalloans

流通体制distributionsystem

流通⽹络distributionnetwork

留购（租赁期满时承租⼈可购买租赁物）hirepurcha

垄断⾏业monopolizedindustry(ctor)

乱集资irregular(illegal)fundraising

乱收费irregular(illegal)charges

乱摊派unjustified(arbitrary)levies

ｍ

买⽅市场buyer´smarket

卖⽅市场ller´smarket

卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo

贸易差额tradebalance

民间信⽤non-institutionalizedcredit

免⼆减三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears

明补explicitsubsidy

明亏explicitloss

名牌产品brandproducts

母国（请见"东道国"）homecountry

ｎ

内部控制internalcontrol

内部审计internalaudit

内地与⾹港themainlandandhongkong

内债domesticdebt

扭亏为盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriintoaprofitableone

扭曲⾦融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources

农副产品采购⽀出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement

农村信⽤社ruralcreditcooperatives(rccs)

ｐ

泡沫效应bubbleeffect

泡沫经济bubbleeconomy

培育新的经济增长点totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth

⽚⾯追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth

平衡发展balanceddevelopment

瓶颈制约bottleneck(constraints)

平稳回升steadyrecovery

铺底流动资⾦initial(start-up)workingcapital

普遍回升broad-badrecovery

配套改⾰concomitant(supporting)reforms

配套⼈民币资⾦localcurrencyfundingof...

ｑ

企业办社会enterprisburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities

企业集团战略corporategroupstrategy

企业兼并重组companymergerandrestructuring

企业领导班⼦enterprimanagement

企业所得税enterpri(corporate)incometax

企业效益corporateprofitability

企业资⾦违规流⼊股市irregularflowofenterprifundsintothestockmarket

⽋税taxarrears

⽋息overdueinterest

强化税收征管tostrengthentaxadministration

强制措施enforcementaction

翘尾因素carryovereffect

切⼀⼑partialapplication

清理收回贷款cleanupandrecoverloans

（破产）清算liquidation

倾斜政策preferentialpolicy

区别对待differentialtreatment

趋势加强intensifyingtrend

全球化globalization

权益回报率returnsonequity(roe)

缺乏后劲unsustainablemomentum

ｒ

绕规模贷款tocircumventcreditceiling

⼈均国内⽣产总值percapitagdp

⼈均收⼊percapitaincome

⼈民币升值压⼒upwardpressureontherenminbi(exchangerate)

认缴资本subscribedcapital

软贷款softloans

软预算约束softbudgetconstraint

软着陆softlanding

ｓ

三⾓债chaindebts;inter-enterpriarrears

善政廉政goodgovernance

商业贷款commercialloans

上市公司(publicly)listedcorporations

设备利⽤capacityutilization

社会保障socialsafetynet;socialcurity(insurance)

深层次⽭盾deep-rootedstructuralimbalance

审批⾦融机构tolicenfinancialinstitutions

审慎监管prudentialsupervision

⽣产能⼒闲置unutilizedcapacity

⽣息资产interest-bearingasts

实际利⽤外资disburmentofforeigncapital;actualinflowofforeigninvestment

实际有效汇率realeffectiveexchangerate

实时realtime

实收资本paid-incapital

实现利润realizedprofit

市场分割marketgmentation

市场经济marketeconomy

市场占有率（市场份额）marketshare

市场准⼊marketaccess(指商品和劳务的进⼊);marketentry(指机构的审批)

市价总值marketcapitalization

适度从紧appropriatelytight

适时调节timelyadjustment

收回对⾦融机构贷款torecallcentralbankloans(tofinancialinstitutions)

税后还贷amortization(repaymentofloans)aftertax

税收流失taxerosion

税源不⾜weaktaxba

私营经济（私⼈经济）theprivatector

私有制privateownership

所有者权益owner´quity

ｔ

逃税（请见"避税"）taxevasion

套汇（１）指合法：currencyswap;arbitrage

（２）指⾮法：illegalpurchaofforeignexchange

剔除季节性因素asonallyadjusted

调节流动性toinfluenceliquiditylevel

贴现窗⼝discountwindow

同⽐onyear-on-yearbasis;overthesameperiodofthepreviousyear

同业拆借（放）inter-bankborrowing(lending)

同业拆借市场利率（中国）chibor(chinainter-bankofferedrate)

同业融通票据inter-bankfinancingbills

同业往来inter-banktransactions

透⽀overdraft

退税taxrefund(rebate)

头⼨position

吞吐基础货币adjustmentofmonetaryba

脱媒现象disintermediation

ｗ

外部审计externalaudit

外国直接投资foreigndirectinvestment(fdi)

外汇储备foreignexchangererves

外汇调剂foreignexchangeswap

外汇占款thermbcounterpartofforeignexchangererves;thermbequivalentofoffcialforeignexchangeholdings

外向型经济export-orientedeconomy

外债externaldebt

外资企业foreign-fundedenterpris

完善现代企业制度toimprovethemodernenterprisystem

完税凭证taxpaymentdocumentation

违法经营illegalbusiness

委托存款entrusteddeposits

稳步增长steadygrowth

稳健的银⾏系统asoundbankingsystem

稳中求进tomakeprogresswhileensuringstability

⽆纸交易book-entry(orpaperless/scriptless)transaction

物价监测pricemonitoring

ｘ

吸纳流动性toabsorbliquidity

稀缺经济scarcityeconomy

洗钱moneylaundering

系统内调度fundallocationwithinabank

系统性⾦融危机systemicfinancialcrisis

下岗⼯⼈laid-offemployees

下游企业down-streamenterpris

现场稽核on-siteexamination

现⾦滞留（居民⼿中）cashheldoutsidethebankingsystem

乡镇企业townshipandvillageenterpris(tves)

消费物价指数consumerpriceindex(cpi)

消费税exci(consumption)tax

消灭财政⾚字tobalancethebudget;toeliminatefiscaldeficit

销货款回笼reflowofcorporatesalesincometothebankingsystem

销售平淡lacklustersales

协议外资⾦额committedamountofforeigninvestment

新经济增长点newsourcesofeconomicgrowth

新开⼯项⽬newprojects;newlystartedprojects

新增贷款incrementalcredit;loanincrement;creditgrowth;creditexpansion

新增就业位置newjobs;newjobopportunities

信贷规模考核reviewthecompliancewithcreditceilings

信号失真distortedsignals

信托投资公司trustandinvestmentcompanies

信息不对称informationasymmetry

信息反馈feedback(information)

信息共享系统informationsharingsystem

信息披露informationdisclosure

信⽤扩张credirexpansion

信⽤评级creditrating

姓"资"还是姓"社"pertainingtosocialismorcapitalism;socialistorcaptialist

⾏政措施administrativemeasures

需求膨胀demandexpansion;excessivedemand

虚伪存款window-dressingdeposits

削减冗员toshedexcesslaborforce

寻租renteking

迅速反弹quickrebound

ｙ

养⽼基⾦pensionfund

⼀⼑切universalapplication;non-discretionaryimplementation

⼀级市场primarymarket

应收未收利息overdueinterest

银⾏⽹点bankingoutlets

赢利能⼒profitability

营业税businesstax

硬贷款（商业贷款）commercialloans

⽤地审批tograntlanduright

有管理的浮动汇率managedfloatingexchangerate

证券投资portfolioinvestment

游资（热钱）hotmoney

有市场的产品marketableproducts

有效供给effectivesupply

诱发新⼀轮经济扩张triggeranewroundofeconomicexpansion

逾期贷款overdueloans;past-dueloans

与国际惯例接轨tobecomecompatiblewithinternationallyacceptedpractices

与国际市场接轨tointegratewiththeworldmarket

预算外⽀出（收⼊）off-budget(extra-budgetary)expenditure(revenue)

预调pre-emptiveadjustment

⽉环⽐onamonth-on-monthbasis;onamonthlybasis

ｚ

再贷款centralbanklending

在国际⾦融机构储备头⼨rervepositionininternationalfinancialinstitutions

在⼈⾏存款depositsat(with)thecentralbank

在途资⾦fundinfloat

增加农业投⼊toincreainvestmentinagriculture

增势减缓decelerationofgrowth;moderationofgrowthmomentum

增收节⽀措施revenue-enhancingandexpenditurecontrolmeasures

增长平稳steadygrowth

增值税value-addedtax(vat)

涨幅偏⾼higher-than-desirablegrowthrate;excessivegrowth

账外账concealedaccounts

折旧depreciation

整顿retrenchment;consolidation

政策⼯具policyinstrument

政策性业务policy-relatedoperations

政策性银⾏policybanks

政策组合policymix

政府⼲预governmentintervention

证券交易清算ttlementofcuritiestransactions

证券业务占款fundingofcuritiespurcha

⽀付困难paymentdifficulty

⽀付能⼒paymentcapacity

直接调控⽅式向toincreatherelianceonindirectpolicyinstruments

间接调控⽅式转变

职能转换transformationoffunctions

职业道德professionalethics

指令性措施mandatorymeasures

指令性计划mandatoryplan;administeredplan

制定和实施货币政策toconductmonetarypolicy;toformulateandimplementmonetarypolicy

滞后影响laggedeffect

中介机构intermediaries

中央与地⽅财政delineationoffiscalresponsibilities

分灶吃饭重点建设keyconstructionprojects;keyinvestmentproject

周期⾕底bottom(trough)ofbusinesscycle

周转速度velocity

主办银⾏mainbank

主权风险sovereignrisk

注册资本registeredcapital

逐步到位tophain;phadimplementation

逐步取消tophaout

抓⼤放⼩toizethebigandfreethesmall(tomaintainclooversightonthelargestate-ownedenterprisandsubject

smalleronestomarketcompetition)

专款专⽤uoffundsaar-marked

转贷on-lending

转轨经济transitioneconomy

转机turnaround

转折关头turningpoint

准财政⾚字quasi-fiscaldeficit

准货币quasi-money

资本不⾜under-capitalized

资本充⾜率capitaladequacyratio

资本利润率returnoncapital

资本账户可兑换capitalaccountconvertibility

资不抵债insolvent;insolvency

资产负债表balancesheet

资产负债率liability/astratio;ratioofliabilitiestoasts

资产集中astconcentration

资产贡献率astcontributionfactor

资产利润率returnonasts(roa)

资产质量astquality

资产组合astportfolio

资⾦成本costoffunding;costofcapital;financingcost

资⾦到位fullyfunded(project)

资⾦宽裕tohavesufficientfunds

资⾦利⽤率fundutilizationrate

资⾦缺⼝financinggap

资⾦体外循环financialdisintermediation

资⾦占压fundstiedup

⾃筹投资项⽬lf-financedprojects

⾃有资⾦equityfund

综合国⼒overallnationalstrength(oftenmeasuredbygdp)

综合效益指标overallefficiencyindicator

综合治理comprehensiveadjustment(retrenchment);over-haul

总成交额totalcontractvalue

总交易量totalamountoftransactions

总成本totalcost

最后贷款⼈lenderoflastresort