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1
诊断学
第一篇:症状学
致热原pyrogen
体温调节中枢thermotaxiccentre
外源性致热原exogenouspyrogen
内源性致热原endogenouspyrogen
白细胞致热源leukocyticpyrogen
白细胞介素IinterleukinI
体温调定点temperaturetpoint
感染性发热infectivefever
细菌性致热源bacteriapyrogen
非感染性发热non-infectivefever
吸收热absorptionfever
中枢性发热centrisfever
布鲁菌病brucellosis
骤降crisis
渐降lysis
热型fevertype
稽留热continuesfever
弛张热remittentfever
间歇热intermittentfever
波状热undulantfever
回归热recurrentfever
霍奇金病Hodgkin
不规则热irregularfever
寒战rigor
双重痛感double
顿痛dullpain
酸痛achingpain
烧灼痛burningpain
绞痛colickypain
牵涉痛referredpain
刺痛stabbingpain
刀割样痛knife-likepain
胀痛burstingpain
搏动性痛throbbingpain
头痛headache
胸痛chestpain
放射痛radiatingpain
腹痛abdominalpain
急腹症acuteabdomen
嗳气belching
水肿(edema)
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2
积水dropsy
象皮腿elephantiasiccrus
皮肤黏膜出血mucocutaneoushemorrhage
血小板无力症thrombasthenia
呼吸困难dyspnea
心原性哮喘cardiacasthma
咳嗽cough
咳痰expectoration
咳血hemoptysis
紫绀(cyanosis)
心悸(palpitation)
恶心naua
呕吐vomiting
干呕vomiturition
呕吐中枢vomitingcenter
呕血hematemesis
正铁血红蛋白hematin
黑便melena
便血hematochezia
隐血便stoolwithoccultblood
柏油便tarrystool
里急后重tenesmus
腹泻diarrhea
便秘(constipation)
黄疸(jaundice)
隐性黄疸latentjaundice
旁路胆红素bypassbilirubin
非结合胆红素unconjugatedbilirubin
结合胆红素conjugatedbilirubin
核黄疸nuclearicterus
眩晕vertigo
惊厥convulsion
意识障碍disturbanceofconsciousness
嗜睡somnolence
意识模糊confusion
昏睡stupor
昏迷coma
谵妄delirium
3
血尿hematuria
尿频frequentmicturition
尿急urgentmicturition
尿痛odynuria
神经原性膀胱neurogenicbladder
排尿困难dysuria
尿失禁urinaryincontinence
尿潴留retentionofurine
第二篇问诊(inquiry)
一般项目generaldata
主诉chiefcomplaints
现病史historyofprentillness
既往史pasthistory
系统回顾systemsreview
个人史personalhistory
婚姻史marritalhistory
月经史menstrualhistory
生育史childbearinghistory
家族史familyhistory
第三篇检体诊断(physicaldiagnosis)
第1章
体格检查physicalexamination
视诊inspection
触诊palpation
浅部触诊法lightpalpation
深部触诊法deeppalpation
双手触诊法bimanualpalpation
深压触诊法deeppresspalpation
冲击触诊法ballottement
叩诊percussion
间接叩诊法indirectpercussion
直接叩诊法directpercussion
清音resonance
浊音dullness
鼓音tympany
实音flatness
过清音hyperresonance
听诊auscultation
听诊器stethoscope
嗅诊olfactoryexamination
深部滑行触诊法
deepslippingpalpation
腋臭bromidrosis
第2章
性别x
萎黄病chlorosis
年龄age
生命征vitalsign
体温temperature
发育development
青春期急激成长adolescentspurt
体型habitus
无力型(瘦长型)asthenictype
超力型(矮胖型)sthenictype
正力型(均称型)ortho-sthenictype
巨人症gigantism
垂体性侏儒症pituitarydwarfism
良好well
不良poorly
中等fairly
消瘦emaciation
恶病质cachexia
肥胖obesity
水牛背buffalohump
意识状态consciousness
语调tone
4
语态voice
面容facialfeatures
表情expression
肝病面容hepaticfacies
肾病面容nephriticfacies
二尖瓣面容mitralfacies
肢端肥大症面容acromegalyfacies
伤寒面容typhoidfacies
苦笑面容sardonicfeature
满月面容moonfacies
面具面容maskedfacies
病危面容
criticalfacies/Hippocrates
体位position
自主体位activeposition
被动体位positiveposition
强迫体位compulsiveposition
端坐呼吸orthopnea
强迫蹲位compulsivesquatting
强迫停立位
forcedstandingposition
辗转体位alternativeposition
角弓反张位opisthotonosposition
姿势posture
步态gait
蹒跚步态waddinggait
醉酒步态drinkenmangait
共济失调步态ataxicgait
慌张步态festinatinggait
跨阈步态steppagegait
剪刀式步态scissorsgait
间歇性跛行
intermittentclaudication
皮肤黏膜苍白pallor
皮肤发红redness
发绀cyanosis
黄染stainedyellow
胡萝卜素carotene
黑色素melanin
色素沉着pigmentation
老年斑nileplaque
白癜vitiligo
白斑leukoplakia
白化症albinismus
湿度moisture
皮肤弹性elasticity
皮疹skineruption
斑疹maculae
玫瑰疹roola
丘疹papules
斑丘疹maculopapulae
寻麻疹urticaria
皮肤脱屑desquamation
瘀点petechia
紫癜purpura
瘀班ecchymosis
血肿hematoma
蜘蛛痣spiderangioma
水肿edema
压陷性水肿pittingedema
皮下结节subcutaneousnodule
斑痕scar
毛发hair
第3章头部
头发hair
头皮scalp
头颅skull
小颅microcephalia
尖颅oxycephaly
塔颅towerskull
方颅squaredskull
巨颅largeskull
长颅delichocephalia
变形颅deformingskull
震颤麻痹Parkinson
颜面face
眼眉eyebrow
眼睑eyelids
5
睑内翻entropion
上睑下垂ptosis
结膜conjunctiva
眼球eyeball
眼球突出exophthalmos
复视diplopia
斜视paralyticsquint
眼球震颤nystagmus
巩膜sclera
角膜cornea
老年环arcusnilis
肝豆状核变性Wilson病
虹膜iris
瞳孔pupil
调节反射accommodationreflex
辐辏反射convergencereflex
视力vision
色觉colornsation
耳廓auricle
外耳道externalauditorycanal
鼓膜eardrum
乳突mastoid
听力auditus
酒渣鼻rosacea
鞍鼻saddleno
鼻翼扇动nasalalaflap
鼻衄epistaxis
鼻窦nasalsanus
口mouth
克汀病cretinism
黏液性水肿myxedema
肢端肥大症acromegaly
麻疹黏膜斑
measlesmucouspatch
牙齿teeth
牙龈gums
舌tongue
渴感thirst
舌痛Soretongue
地图舌geographictongue
移行性舌炎migratoryglossitis
裂纹舌wrinkledtongue
草莓舌strawberrytongue
牛肉舌beefytongue
镜面舌(光滑舌)
smoothtongue
毛舌hairytongue
鼻咽nasopharynx
口咽oralpharynx
咽喉laryngealpharynx
喉larynx
腮腺parotidgland
第4章颈部
斜颈torticollis
静脉“翁鸣”venoushum
甲状腺thyroid
第5章胸部
胸骨上切迹
suprasternalnotch
胸骨柄manubriumsterni
胸骨角sternalangle/Louis
胸骨下角infrasternalangle
剑突xiphoidprocess
浮肋freeribs
肋间隙intercostalspace
肩胛骨scapula
脊柱棘突spinousprocess
肋脊角costalspinalangle
前正中线anteriormidline
锁骨中线midclavicularline
胸骨线sternalline
胸骨旁线parasternalline
腋前线anterioraxillaryline
腋后线posterioraxillaryline
腋中线midaxillaryline
肩胛线scapularline
后正中线posteriormidline
腋窝axillaryfossa
胸骨上窝suprasternalfossa
锁骨上窝supraclavicularfossa
锁骨下窝infraclavicularfossa
6
对称性symmetry
肩胛上区suprascapularregion
肩胛下区infrascapularregion
肩胛间区interscapularregion
脏层胸膜visceralpleura
壁层胸膜parietalpleura
胸壁chestwall
皮下气肿subcutaneoumphyma
捻发音crepitus
扁平胸flatchest
桶状胸barrelchest
佝偻病胸rachiticchest
佝偻病串珠rachiticrosary
肋膈沟Harrisongroove
漏斗胸funnelchest
鸡胸pigeonchest
乳房breast
乳晕areola
乳头nipple
内翻inversion
皮肤回缩skinretraction
硬度consistency
弹性elasticity
压痛tenderness
包块mass
部位location
大小size
外形contour
活动度mobility
三凹征threedepressionssign
呼吸过速tachypnea
呼吸过缓bradypnea
胸廓扩张度thoracicexpansion
语音振颤vocalfremitus
触觉振颤tactilefremitus
空瓮音amphorophony
胸膜摩擦感
pleuralfrictionfremitus
肺泡呼吸音vesicularbreathsound
支气管呼吸音
bronchialbreathsound
齿轮呼吸音cogwheelbreathsound
罗音rale
附加音adventitioussound
湿性罗音moistrales
水泡音bubblesound
爆裂音crackles
干性罗音rhonchi
语音共振vocalresonance
支气管语音bronchophony
胸语音pectoriloquy
羊鸣音egophony
耳语音whispered
胸膜摩擦音pleuralfrictionrub
硬币扣击征coinsign
大叶性肺炎lobarpneumonia
支气管哮喘bronchialasthma
胸腔积液pleuraleffusion
气胸pneumothorax
心尖搏动apicalimpul
振颤thrill
早搏prematurebeat
房颤atrialfibrillation
短绌脉puldeficit
大炮音cannonsound
钟摆律pendularrhythm
胎心律embryocardia
心音分裂splittingofheartsounds
生理分裂physiologicsplitting
固定分裂fixedsplitting
反常分裂paradoxicalsplitting
逆分裂reverdsplitting
三音律triplerhythm
四音律quadruplerhythm
奔马律galloprhythm
舒张期奔马律
protodiastolicgallop
舒张晚期奔马律
latediastolicgallop
7
室性奔马律ventriculargallop
收缩期前奔马律resystolicgallop
房性奔马律atrialgallop
重叠奔马律summationgallop
开瓣音openingsnap
心包扣击音pericardialknock
肿瘤扑落音tumorplop
收缩期喷射音
systolicejectionsounds
咯剌音click
心脏杂音cardiacmurmurs
层流laminaflow
湍流turbulentflow
旋涡vortices
收缩期杂音systolicmurmur
舒张期杂音diastolicmurmur
连续性杂音continuousmurmur
心包摩擦音
pericardialfrictionsound
脱落脉droppedpul
洪脉pulsusmagnus
跳脉boundingpul
细脉smallpul
丝脉threadypul
水冲脉waterhammerpul
迟脉pulsustardus
重搏脉dicroticpul
交替脉pulsusalternans
奇脉paradoxicalpul
无脉病pulless
血压bloodpressure/BP
脉压pulpressure
颈静脉嗡鸣声venoushum
射枪音pistolshot
毛细血管搏动capillarypulsation
心包积液pericardialeffusion
毛细血管楔嵌压pulmonarycapillarywedgepressure/PCWP
第6章腹部
左季肋部lefthypochondrium
左腰部leftlumberregion
左髂部leftiliacregion
上腹部epigastricregion
脐部umbilicalregion
下腹部hypogastricregion
腹部膨隆abdominalbulge
腹水ascites
蛙腹frogbelly
尖腹apicalbelly
气腹pneumoperitoneum
舟状腹scaphoidabdomen
腹部凹陷abdominalretraction
恶病质cachexia
腹壁静脉曲张
abdominalwallvaricosis
海蛇神头caputmedusae
胃肠型
gastralorintestinalpattern
蠕动波peristalsis
板状腹board-likerigidity
揉面感
doughkneadingnsation
压痛tenderness
反跳痛reboundtenderness
波动感fluctuation
肝震颤liverthrill
液波震颤fluidthrill
振水音succussion
胃泡鼓音区Traube区
移动性浊音shiftingdullness
尺压实验rulerpressingtest
肠鸣音borborygmus
搔弹音scratchsound
急性腹膜炎acuteperitonitis
肝硬化livercirrhosis
8
蜘蛛志spider
肝掌liverpalms
蛙腹frogbelly
肠梗阻intestinalobstruction
第七章生殖器、肛门、直肠
阴茎penis
勃起erection
包皮prepuce
阴囊scrotum
精索spermaticcord
睾丸testis
会阴perineum
隐睾症cryptorchism
附睾epididymis
腹股沟斜疝
indirectinguinalhernia
前列腺epididymis
精囊minalvesicle
阴阜monsveneris
大阴唇labiummajuspudendi
小阴唇labiumminuspudendi
阴蒂clitoris
阴道前庭vestibulumvaginae
阴道vagina
处女膜hymen
子宫uterus
输卵管oviduct
卵巢ovary
直肠rectum
肛门anus
肛管analcanal
肛门闭锁proctatresia
肛裂analfissure
痔hemorrhoid
内痔internalhemorrhoid
外痔externalhemorrhoid
混合痔mixedhemorrhoid
肛瘘archosyrinx
直肠脱垂proctoptosis
脱肛hedrocele
直肠息肉proctopolypus
第8章脊柱与四肢
脊柱spine
驼背gibbus
脊柱前凸lordosis
姿势性侧凸posturescoliosis
器械性侧凸organicscoliosis
四肢fourlimbs
关节articulus
匙状甲koilonychia
杵状指acropachy
肢端肥大症acromegaly
膝内翻genuavarus
膝外翻genuavalgus
肌肉萎缩muscleatrophy
淋巴性水肿lymphedema
象皮肿elephantedema
爪行手clawhand
浮髌现象
floatingpatellaphenomenon
第9章神经系统检查
嗅神经olfactorynerve
视神经opticnerve
视力vission
视野visualfeild
动眼神经oculomotornerve
滑车神经trochlearnerve
三叉神经trigeminus
展神经abductnerve
面神经facialnerve
位听神经auditorynerve
舌咽神经
glossopharyngealnerve
迷走神经Vagusnerve
副神经accessorynerve
舌下神经hypoglossalnerve
偏瘫hemiparalysis
9
单瘫monoplegia
截瘫paraplegia
交叉瘫crosdparalysis
肌力myodynamia
肌张力musculartone
痉挛性spasticity
强直性rigidity
齿轮强直cogwheelrigidity
震颤tremor
震颤麻痹Parkinsondia
舞蹈样运动chorea
手足徐动athetosis
手足搐搦tetany
助产士手obstertricianhand
摸空症carphology
共济失调ataxia
指鼻实验fingernotest
指指实验ringerfingertest
轮替动作alternatemotion
跟-膝-胫实验heel-knee-tibiabest
痛觉analgia
温度觉thalposis
触觉thigmesthesia
关节觉arthresthesia
震动觉ismesthesia
复合感觉synaesthesia
反射reflex
角膜反射cornealreflex
腹壁反射abdomenalwallreflex
提睾反射cremastericreflex
跖反射plantarreflex
肱二头肌反射bicepsreflex
肱三头肌反射tricepsreflex
桡骨骨膜反射
radioperiostealreflex
膝反射kneejerk
跟腱反射Achillesjerk
阵挛clonus
踝阵挛ankleclonus
髌阵挛patellsclonus
眼心反射oculo-cardiacreflex
竖毛反射pilomotorreflex
皮肤划纹征dermographism
10
第四篇器械检查
第1章:心电图
除极化depolarization
动作电位actionpotential
复极化repolarization
心电综合向量resultantvector
希氏束His’bundle
缺血性改变myocardialischemia
损伤性改变myocardialinjury
单相曲线monophasiccurve
肢体导联limbleads
胸导联chestleads
顺钟向电位clokwirotation
逆钟向转位counterclockwirotation
起搏点pacemaker
绝对不应期absoluterefractoryperiod
有效不应期effectiverefractoryperiod
相对不应期relativerefractoryperiod
心电生理检查transophagealatrialpacing/TEAP
动态心电图ambulatoryeletrocardiography
心电图运动负荷试验ECGexercitest
平板运动试验treadmilltest
踏车运动试验bicycleergometertest
第2章:肺功能检查
肺容积basallungvolume
基础肺容量basallungcapacity
潮气容积tidalvolume,TV
补呼吸容积expiratoryrervevolume,ERV
深吸气量inspiratorycapacity,IC
肺活量vitalcapacity,VC
功能残气量functionalresidualcapacity
肺总量totallungcapacity,TLC
残气容积residualvolume,RV
每分钟静息通气量minuteventilation,MV
最大通气量maximalvoluntaryventilation,MVV
用力肺活量forcedvitalcapacity,FVC
最大呼气中段流量maximalmid-expiratoryflowcurve,MMEF
肺泡通气量alveolarventilation
生理无效腔deadspaceventilation
最大呼气中段时间maximalmid-expiratorytime
最大呼气流量peakexpiratoryflow,PEF
通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusionratio
弥散量diffusingcapacity
11
闭合容积closingvolume
最大呼气流量-容积曲线maximumexpiratoryflow-volumecurve,MEFV
静态肺顺应性staticlungcompliance
动态肺顺应性dynamiclungcompliance
实际碳酸氢actualbicarbonate,AB
标准碳酸氢standardbicarbonate,SB
缓冲碱bufferbas
剩余碱baxcess
血浆CO2含量totalplasmaCO2content
CO2结合力carbondioxidecombiningpower,CO2-CP
阴离子间隙aniongap,AG
高碳酸血症后碱中毒posthypercapnicalkalosis
支气管灌洗bronchiallavage(BL)
支气管肺泡灌洗bronchial-alveolarlavage(BAL)
第三章:临床技术
修正诊断diagnosiscorrecting
导尿术catheterization
胸膜腔穿刺术thoracentesis
胸膜活检术pleurabiopsy
心包腔穿刺术pericardiocentesis
肝穿刺活检术liverbiospy
肝穿刺抽脓术liverabscesspuncture
肾穿刺活检术renalbiospy
骨髓穿刺术bonemarrowpuncture
淋巴结穿刺术lymphnodepuncture
腰椎穿刺术lumbarpuncture
中心静脉压centralvenouspressure
胃液采集术gastricjuicecollection
最大胃酸分泌量maximalacidoutput
峰胃酸排泌量peakacidoutput
十二指肠引流术duodenaldrainage
荟萃分析meta-analysis
心血管造影agiocardiography
血管通透性vasopermeability
第四章:
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