paradoxical frog

更新时间:2023-01-04 04:44:42 阅读: 评论:0


2023年1月4日发(作者:乃父)

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1

诊断学

第一篇:症状学

致热原pyrogen

体温调节中枢thermotaxiccentre

外源性致热原exogenouspyrogen

内源性致热原endogenouspyrogen

白细胞致热源leukocyticpyrogen

白细胞介素IinterleukinI

体温调定点temperaturetpoint

感染性发热infectivefever

细菌性致热源bacteriapyrogen

非感染性发热non-infectivefever

吸收热absorptionfever

中枢性发热centrisfever

布鲁菌病brucellosis

骤降crisis

渐降lysis

热型fevertype

稽留热continuesfever

弛张热remittentfever

间歇热intermittentfever

波状热undulantfever

回归热recurrentfever

霍奇金病Hodgkin

不规则热irregularfever

寒战rigor

双重痛感double

顿痛dullpain

酸痛achingpain

烧灼痛burningpain

绞痛colickypain

牵涉痛referredpain

刺痛stabbingpain

刀割样痛knife-likepain

胀痛burstingpain

搏动性痛throbbingpain

头痛headache

胸痛chestpain

放射痛radiatingpain

腹痛abdominalpain

急腹症acuteabdomen

嗳气belching

水肿(edema)

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2

积水dropsy

象皮腿elephantiasiccrus

皮肤黏膜出血mucocutaneoushemorrhage

血小板无力症thrombasthenia

呼吸困难dyspnea

心原性哮喘cardiacasthma

咳嗽cough

咳痰expectoration

咳血hemoptysis

紫绀(cyanosis)

心悸(palpitation)

恶心naua

呕吐vomiting

干呕vomiturition

呕吐中枢vomitingcenter

呕血hematemesis

正铁血红蛋白hematin

黑便melena

便血hematochezia

隐血便stoolwithoccultblood

柏油便tarrystool

里急后重tenesmus

腹泻diarrhea

便秘(constipation)

黄疸(jaundice)

隐性黄疸latentjaundice

旁路胆红素bypassbilirubin

非结合胆红素unconjugatedbilirubin

结合胆红素conjugatedbilirubin

核黄疸nuclearicterus

眩晕vertigo

惊厥convulsion

意识障碍disturbanceofconsciousness

嗜睡somnolence

意识模糊confusion

昏睡stupor

昏迷coma

谵妄delirium

3

血尿hematuria

尿频frequentmicturition

尿急urgentmicturition

尿痛odynuria

神经原性膀胱neurogenicbladder

排尿困难dysuria

尿失禁urinaryincontinence

尿潴留retentionofurine

第二篇问诊(inquiry)

一般项目generaldata

主诉chiefcomplaints

现病史historyofprentillness

既往史pasthistory

系统回顾systemsreview

个人史personalhistory

婚姻史marritalhistory

月经史menstrualhistory

生育史childbearinghistory

家族史familyhistory

第三篇检体诊断(physicaldiagnosis)

第1章

体格检查physicalexamination

视诊inspection

触诊palpation

浅部触诊法lightpalpation

深部触诊法deeppalpation

双手触诊法bimanualpalpation

深压触诊法deeppresspalpation

冲击触诊法ballottement

叩诊percussion

间接叩诊法indirectpercussion

直接叩诊法directpercussion

清音resonance

浊音dullness

鼓音tympany

实音flatness

过清音hyperresonance

听诊auscultation

听诊器stethoscope

嗅诊olfactoryexamination

深部滑行触诊法

deepslippingpalpation

腋臭bromidrosis

第2章

性别x

萎黄病chlorosis

年龄age

生命征vitalsign

体温temperature

发育development

青春期急激成长adolescentspurt

体型habitus

无力型(瘦长型)asthenictype

超力型(矮胖型)sthenictype

正力型(均称型)ortho-sthenictype

巨人症gigantism

垂体性侏儒症pituitarydwarfism

良好well

不良poorly

中等fairly

消瘦emaciation

恶病质cachexia

肥胖obesity

水牛背buffalohump

意识状态consciousness

语调tone

4

语态voice

面容facialfeatures

表情expression

肝病面容hepaticfacies

肾病面容nephriticfacies

二尖瓣面容mitralfacies

肢端肥大症面容acromegalyfacies

伤寒面容typhoidfacies

苦笑面容sardonicfeature

满月面容moonfacies

面具面容maskedfacies

病危面容

criticalfacies/Hippocrates

体位position

自主体位activeposition

被动体位positiveposition

强迫体位compulsiveposition

端坐呼吸orthopnea

强迫蹲位compulsivesquatting

强迫停立位

forcedstandingposition

辗转体位alternativeposition

角弓反张位opisthotonosposition

姿势posture

步态gait

蹒跚步态waddinggait

醉酒步态drinkenmangait

共济失调步态ataxicgait

慌张步态festinatinggait

跨阈步态steppagegait

剪刀式步态scissorsgait

间歇性跛行

intermittentclaudication

皮肤黏膜苍白pallor

皮肤发红redness

发绀cyanosis

黄染stainedyellow

胡萝卜素carotene

黑色素melanin

色素沉着pigmentation

老年斑nileplaque

白癜vitiligo

白斑leukoplakia

白化症albinismus

湿度moisture

皮肤弹性elasticity

皮疹skineruption

斑疹maculae

玫瑰疹roola

丘疹papules

斑丘疹maculopapulae

寻麻疹urticaria

皮肤脱屑desquamation

瘀点petechia

紫癜purpura

瘀班ecchymosis

血肿hematoma

蜘蛛痣spiderangioma

水肿edema

压陷性水肿pittingedema

皮下结节subcutaneousnodule

斑痕scar

毛发hair

第3章头部

头发hair

头皮scalp

头颅skull

小颅microcephalia

尖颅oxycephaly

塔颅towerskull

方颅squaredskull

巨颅largeskull

长颅delichocephalia

变形颅deformingskull

震颤麻痹Parkinson

颜面face

眼眉eyebrow

眼睑eyelids

5

睑内翻entropion

上睑下垂ptosis

结膜conjunctiva

眼球eyeball

眼球突出exophthalmos

复视diplopia

斜视paralyticsquint

眼球震颤nystagmus

巩膜sclera

角膜cornea

老年环arcusnilis

肝豆状核变性Wilson病

虹膜iris

瞳孔pupil

调节反射accommodationreflex

辐辏反射convergencereflex

视力vision

色觉colornsation

耳廓auricle

外耳道externalauditorycanal

鼓膜eardrum

乳突mastoid

听力auditus

酒渣鼻rosacea

鞍鼻saddleno

鼻翼扇动nasalalaflap

鼻衄epistaxis

鼻窦nasalsanus

口mouth

克汀病cretinism

黏液性水肿myxedema

肢端肥大症acromegaly

麻疹黏膜斑

measlesmucouspatch

牙齿teeth

牙龈gums

舌tongue

渴感thirst

舌痛Soretongue

地图舌geographictongue

移行性舌炎migratoryglossitis

裂纹舌wrinkledtongue

草莓舌strawberrytongue

牛肉舌beefytongue

镜面舌(光滑舌)

smoothtongue

毛舌hairytongue

鼻咽nasopharynx

口咽oralpharynx

咽喉laryngealpharynx

喉larynx

腮腺parotidgland

第4章颈部

斜颈torticollis

静脉“翁鸣”venoushum

甲状腺thyroid

第5章胸部

胸骨上切迹

suprasternalnotch

胸骨柄manubriumsterni

胸骨角sternalangle/Louis

胸骨下角infrasternalangle

剑突xiphoidprocess

浮肋freeribs

肋间隙intercostalspace

肩胛骨scapula

脊柱棘突spinousprocess

肋脊角costalspinalangle

前正中线anteriormidline

锁骨中线midclavicularline

胸骨线sternalline

胸骨旁线parasternalline

腋前线anterioraxillaryline

腋后线posterioraxillaryline

腋中线midaxillaryline

肩胛线scapularline

后正中线posteriormidline

腋窝axillaryfossa

胸骨上窝suprasternalfossa

锁骨上窝supraclavicularfossa

锁骨下窝infraclavicularfossa

6

对称性symmetry

肩胛上区suprascapularregion

肩胛下区infrascapularregion

肩胛间区interscapularregion

脏层胸膜visceralpleura

壁层胸膜parietalpleura

胸壁chestwall

皮下气肿subcutaneoumphyma

捻发音crepitus

扁平胸flatchest

桶状胸barrelchest

佝偻病胸rachiticchest

佝偻病串珠rachiticrosary

肋膈沟Harrisongroove

漏斗胸funnelchest

鸡胸pigeonchest

乳房breast

乳晕areola

乳头nipple

内翻inversion

皮肤回缩skinretraction

硬度consistency

弹性elasticity

压痛tenderness

包块mass

部位location

大小size

外形contour

活动度mobility

三凹征threedepressionssign

呼吸过速tachypnea

呼吸过缓bradypnea

胸廓扩张度thoracicexpansion

语音振颤vocalfremitus

触觉振颤tactilefremitus

空瓮音amphorophony

胸膜摩擦感

pleuralfrictionfremitus

肺泡呼吸音vesicularbreathsound

支气管呼吸音

bronchialbreathsound

齿轮呼吸音cogwheelbreathsound

罗音rale

附加音adventitioussound

湿性罗音moistrales

水泡音bubblesound

爆裂音crackles

干性罗音rhonchi

语音共振vocalresonance

支气管语音bronchophony

胸语音pectoriloquy

羊鸣音egophony

耳语音whispered

胸膜摩擦音pleuralfrictionrub

硬币扣击征coinsign

大叶性肺炎lobarpneumonia

支气管哮喘bronchialasthma

胸腔积液pleuraleffusion

气胸pneumothorax

心尖搏动apicalimpul

振颤thrill

早搏prematurebeat

房颤atrialfibrillation

短绌脉puldeficit

大炮音cannonsound

钟摆律pendularrhythm

胎心律embryocardia

心音分裂splittingofheartsounds

生理分裂physiologicsplitting

固定分裂fixedsplitting

反常分裂paradoxicalsplitting

逆分裂reverdsplitting

三音律triplerhythm

四音律quadruplerhythm

奔马律galloprhythm

舒张期奔马律

protodiastolicgallop

舒张晚期奔马律

latediastolicgallop

7

室性奔马律ventriculargallop

收缩期前奔马律resystolicgallop

房性奔马律atrialgallop

重叠奔马律summationgallop

开瓣音openingsnap

心包扣击音pericardialknock

肿瘤扑落音tumorplop

收缩期喷射音

systolicejectionsounds

咯剌音click

心脏杂音cardiacmurmurs

层流laminaflow

湍流turbulentflow

旋涡vortices

收缩期杂音systolicmurmur

舒张期杂音diastolicmurmur

连续性杂音continuousmurmur

心包摩擦音

pericardialfrictionsound

脱落脉droppedpul

洪脉pulsusmagnus

跳脉boundingpul

细脉smallpul

丝脉threadypul

水冲脉waterhammerpul

迟脉pulsustardus

重搏脉dicroticpul

交替脉pulsusalternans

奇脉paradoxicalpul

无脉病pulless

血压bloodpressure/BP

脉压pulpressure

颈静脉嗡鸣声venoushum

射枪音pistolshot

毛细血管搏动capillarypulsation

心包积液pericardialeffusion

毛细血管楔嵌压pulmonarycapillarywedgepressure/PCWP

第6章腹部

左季肋部lefthypochondrium

左腰部leftlumberregion

左髂部leftiliacregion

上腹部epigastricregion

脐部umbilicalregion

下腹部hypogastricregion

腹部膨隆abdominalbulge

腹水ascites

蛙腹frogbelly

尖腹apicalbelly

气腹pneumoperitoneum

舟状腹scaphoidabdomen

腹部凹陷abdominalretraction

恶病质cachexia

腹壁静脉曲张

abdominalwallvaricosis

海蛇神头caputmedusae

胃肠型

gastralorintestinalpattern

蠕动波peristalsis

板状腹board-likerigidity

揉面感

doughkneadingnsation

压痛tenderness

反跳痛reboundtenderness

波动感fluctuation

肝震颤liverthrill

液波震颤fluidthrill

振水音succussion

胃泡鼓音区Traube区

移动性浊音shiftingdullness

尺压实验rulerpressingtest

肠鸣音borborygmus

搔弹音scratchsound

急性腹膜炎acuteperitonitis

肝硬化livercirrhosis

8

蜘蛛志spider

肝掌liverpalms

蛙腹frogbelly

肠梗阻intestinalobstruction

第七章生殖器、肛门、直肠

阴茎penis

勃起erection

包皮prepuce

阴囊scrotum

精索spermaticcord

睾丸testis

会阴perineum

隐睾症cryptorchism

附睾epididymis

腹股沟斜疝

indirectinguinalhernia

前列腺epididymis

精囊minalvesicle

阴阜monsveneris

大阴唇labiummajuspudendi

小阴唇labiumminuspudendi

阴蒂clitoris

阴道前庭vestibulumvaginae

阴道vagina

处女膜hymen

子宫uterus

输卵管oviduct

卵巢ovary

直肠rectum

肛门anus

肛管analcanal

肛门闭锁proctatresia

肛裂analfissure

痔hemorrhoid

内痔internalhemorrhoid

外痔externalhemorrhoid

混合痔mixedhemorrhoid

肛瘘archosyrinx

直肠脱垂proctoptosis

脱肛hedrocele

直肠息肉proctopolypus

第8章脊柱与四肢

脊柱spine

驼背gibbus

脊柱前凸lordosis

姿势性侧凸posturescoliosis

器械性侧凸organicscoliosis

四肢fourlimbs

关节articulus

匙状甲koilonychia

杵状指acropachy

肢端肥大症acromegaly

膝内翻genuavarus

膝外翻genuavalgus

肌肉萎缩muscleatrophy

淋巴性水肿lymphedema

象皮肿elephantedema

爪行手clawhand

浮髌现象

floatingpatellaphenomenon

第9章神经系统检查

嗅神经olfactorynerve

视神经opticnerve

视力vission

视野visualfeild

动眼神经oculomotornerve

滑车神经trochlearnerve

三叉神经trigeminus

展神经abductnerve

面神经facialnerve

位听神经auditorynerve

舌咽神经

glossopharyngealnerve

迷走神经Vagusnerve

副神经accessorynerve

舌下神经hypoglossalnerve

偏瘫hemiparalysis

9

单瘫monoplegia

截瘫paraplegia

交叉瘫crosdparalysis

肌力myodynamia

肌张力musculartone

痉挛性spasticity

强直性rigidity

齿轮强直cogwheelrigidity

震颤tremor

震颤麻痹Parkinsondia

舞蹈样运动chorea

手足徐动athetosis

手足搐搦tetany

助产士手obstertricianhand

摸空症carphology

共济失调ataxia

指鼻实验fingernotest

指指实验ringerfingertest

轮替动作alternatemotion

跟-膝-胫实验heel-knee-tibiabest

痛觉analgia

温度觉thalposis

触觉thigmesthesia

关节觉arthresthesia

震动觉ismesthesia

复合感觉synaesthesia

反射reflex

角膜反射cornealreflex

腹壁反射abdomenalwallreflex

提睾反射cremastericreflex

跖反射plantarreflex

肱二头肌反射bicepsreflex

肱三头肌反射tricepsreflex

桡骨骨膜反射

radioperiostealreflex

膝反射kneejerk

跟腱反射Achillesjerk

阵挛clonus

踝阵挛ankleclonus

髌阵挛patellsclonus

眼心反射oculo-cardiacreflex

竖毛反射pilomotorreflex

皮肤划纹征dermographism

10

第四篇器械检查

第1章:心电图

除极化depolarization

动作电位actionpotential

复极化repolarization

心电综合向量resultantvector

希氏束His’bundle

缺血性改变myocardialischemia

损伤性改变myocardialinjury

单相曲线monophasiccurve

肢体导联limbleads

胸导联chestleads

顺钟向电位clokwirotation

逆钟向转位counterclockwirotation

起搏点pacemaker

绝对不应期absoluterefractoryperiod

有效不应期effectiverefractoryperiod

相对不应期relativerefractoryperiod

心电生理检查transophagealatrialpacing/TEAP

动态心电图ambulatoryeletrocardiography

心电图运动负荷试验ECGexercitest

平板运动试验treadmilltest

踏车运动试验bicycleergometertest

第2章:肺功能检查

肺容积basallungvolume

基础肺容量basallungcapacity

潮气容积tidalvolume,TV

补呼吸容积expiratoryrervevolume,ERV

深吸气量inspiratorycapacity,IC

肺活量vitalcapacity,VC

功能残气量functionalresidualcapacity

肺总量totallungcapacity,TLC

残气容积residualvolume,RV

每分钟静息通气量minuteventilation,MV

最大通气量maximalvoluntaryventilation,MVV

用力肺活量forcedvitalcapacity,FVC

最大呼气中段流量maximalmid-expiratoryflowcurve,MMEF

肺泡通气量alveolarventilation

生理无效腔deadspaceventilation

最大呼气中段时间maximalmid-expiratorytime

最大呼气流量peakexpiratoryflow,PEF

通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusionratio

弥散量diffusingcapacity

11

闭合容积closingvolume

最大呼气流量-容积曲线maximumexpiratoryflow-volumecurve,MEFV

静态肺顺应性staticlungcompliance

动态肺顺应性dynamiclungcompliance

实际碳酸氢actualbicarbonate,AB

标准碳酸氢standardbicarbonate,SB

缓冲碱bufferbas

剩余碱baxcess

血浆CO2含量totalplasmaCO2content

CO2结合力carbondioxidecombiningpower,CO2-CP

阴离子间隙aniongap,AG

高碳酸血症后碱中毒posthypercapnicalkalosis

支气管灌洗bronchiallavage(BL)

支气管肺泡灌洗bronchial-alveolarlavage(BAL)

第三章:临床技术

修正诊断diagnosiscorrecting

导尿术catheterization

胸膜腔穿刺术thoracentesis

胸膜活检术pleurabiopsy

心包腔穿刺术pericardiocentesis

肝穿刺活检术liverbiospy

肝穿刺抽脓术liverabscesspuncture

肾穿刺活检术renalbiospy

骨髓穿刺术bonemarrowpuncture

淋巴结穿刺术lymphnodepuncture

腰椎穿刺术lumbarpuncture

中心静脉压centralvenouspressure

胃液采集术gastricjuicecollection

最大胃酸分泌量maximalacidoutput

峰胃酸排泌量peakacidoutput

十二指肠引流术duodenaldrainage

荟萃分析meta-analysis

心血管造影agiocardiography

血管通透性vasopermeability

第四章:

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