2016年12月大学英语四级真题

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2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

PartI

Writing

(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.

Suppoyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistotakeajobina

tomakeachoice

nessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartⅢ

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,

requiredtolectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiven

epassagethroughcarefully

oiceinthebankisidentifiedbya

markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet

notuanyofthewords

inthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebadonthefollowingpassage.

'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfinds

thatEarth'soceansnow26heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.

Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,

rearchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.

Warmingwatersareknownto27tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)andtheytake

upmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisinga28Whilethetopoftheocean

iswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto29Therearchers

gathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter30

theredtogether

temperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury31of

ensivedata

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sources,32withcomputersimulations(计算机模拟),createdatimelineof

oceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksand

warmingfromfossilfuel33

About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrial

eranowresidesata34ofmorethan700meters,therearchersfound.

Theysaythey're35whetherthedeep-awarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthe

a'ssurface.

ed

bute

ons

ion

e

s

erent

e

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

atementcontainsinformationgivenin

fytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformation

ragraphis

thequestionsbymarkingthecorresponding

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letteronAnswerSheet2.

TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKids

A)Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation--andhow

peoplepervereaftertbacks--asapsychologygraduatestudentatYale

experimentsbypsychologistsatthe

UniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,most

animalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.

Aftersuchanexperienceananimaloftenremainspassiveevenwhenitcan

effectchange--astatetheycalledlearnedhelplessness.

B)Peoplecanlearntobehelpless,omestudentsgiveupwhen

theyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinue

tostriveandlearn?Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople'sbeliefs

aboutwhytheyhadfailed.

C)Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofability

depressmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortisto

oldagroupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelpless

behaviorthatalackofeffortledtotheirmistakesinmath,theylearned

rgroupofhelpless

childrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccessoneasierproblemsdid

xperiments

indicatedthatafocusoneffortcanhelpresolvehelplessnessand

generatesuccess.

D)Later,Idevelopedabroadertheoryofwhatparatesthetwogeneral

zedthe

differenttypesofstudentsnotonlyexplaintheirfailuresdifferently,

buttheyalsoholddifferent"theories"plessones

believeintelligenceisafixedcharacteristic:youhaveonlyacertain

amount,andthat'hisa"fixedmind-t(思维模式)."

Mistakescracktheirlf-confidencebecautheyattributeerrorstoa

lackofability,oid

mastery-orientedchildren,ontheotherhand,thinkintelligenceisnot

ildren

believechallengesareenergizingratherthanintimidating(令人生畏);

tswithsuchagrowthmind-t

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weredestined(注定)forgreateracademicsuccessandwerequitelikely

tooutperformtheircounterparts.

E)Wevalidatedtheexpectationsinastudyinwhichtwoother

psychologistsandImonitored373studentsfortwoyearsduringthe

transitiontojuniorhighschool,whentheworkgetsmoredifficultand

thegradingmorestrict,todeterminehowtheirmind-tsmightaffect

eginningofventhgrade,weassdthe

students'mind-tsbyaskingthemtoagreeordisagreewithstatements

suchas"Yourintelligenceissomethingverybasicaboutyouthatyoucan't

reallychange."Wethenassdtheirbeliefsaboutotheraspectsof

learningandlookedtoewhathappenedtotheirgrades.

F)Aspredicted,thestudentswithagrowthmind-tfeltthatlearning

tion,theyheld

derstoodthatevengeniushavetowork

ntedbyatbacksuchasadisappointingtestgrade,

studentswithagrowthmind-tsaidtheywouldstudyharderortrya

dentswhoheldafixedmind-t,however,were

d

negativeviewsofeffort,believingthathavingtoworkhardwasasign

oughtthatapersonwithtalentorintelligencedid

utingabadgradetotheirownlack

ofability,thowithafixedmind-tsaidthattheywouldstudyless

inthefuture,trynevertotakethatsubjectagainandconsidercheating

onfuturetests.

G)

startofjuniorhigh,themathachievementtestscoresofthestudentswith

agrowthmind-twerecomparabletothoofstudentswhodisplayeda

heworkbecamemoredifficult,thestudentswitha

ult,theirmathgrades

overtookthooftheotherstudentsbytheendofthefirstmester--and

thegapbetweenthetwogroupscontinuedtowidenduringthetwoyearswe

followedthem.

H)Afixedmind-tcanalsohindercommunicationandprogressinthe

workplaceanddiscourageorignoreconstructivecriticismandadvice.

Rearchshowsthatmanagerswhohaveafixedmind-tarelesslikelyto

ekorwelcomefeedbackfromtheiremployeesthanaremanagerswitha

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growthmind-t.

I)Howdowetransmitagrowthmind-ttoourchildren?Onewayisby

instance,talkingaboutmathematicalgeniuswhoweremoreorlessborn

thatwayputsstudentsinafixedmind-t,butdescriptionsof

greatmathematicianswhofellinlovewithmathanddevelopedamazing

skillsproduceagrowthmind-t.

J)Inaddition,parentsandteacherscanhelpchildrenbyproviding

ned

aneight-ssionworkshopfor91studentswhomathgradesweredeclining

-eightofthestudents

receivedinstructioninstudyskillsonly,whereastheothersattendeda

combinationofstudyskillsssionsandclassinwhichtheylearned

rowth

mind-tclass,studentsreadanddiscusdanarticleentitled"You

CanGrowYourBrain."Theyweretaughtthatthebrainislikeamuscle

thatgetsstrongerwithuandthatlearningpromptsthebraintogrow

chinstruction,manystudentsbegantoe

ebeingunaware

thatthereweretwotypesofinstruction,teachersreportedsignificant

motivationalchangesin27%ofthechildreninthegrowthmind-tworkshop

ascomparedwithonly9%ofstudentsinthecontrolgroup.

K)Rearchisconverging(汇聚)ontheconclusionthatgreat

accomplishmentandevengeniusistypicallytheresultofyearsofpassion

anddedicationandnotsomethingthatflowsnaturallyfromagift.

hor'xperimentshowsthatstudentswithafixedmind-t

believehavingtoworkhardisanindicationoflowability.

ngoneffortiffectiveinhelpingchildrenovercome

frustrationandachievesuccess.

ultivateagrowthmind-tinchildrenbytellingsuccess

storiesthatemphasizehardworkandloveoflearning.

ts'beliefaboutthecauoftheirfailureexplainstheir

attitudetowardtbacks.

uthor'xperiment,studentswithagrowthmind-tshowed

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greaterperveranceinsolvingdifficultmathproblems.

horconductedanexperimenttofindoutabouttheinfluence

ofstudents'mind-tsonmathlearning.

ailingagainandagain,mostanimalsgiveuphope.

ingstudentsaboutthebrainasalearningmachineisagood

strategytoenhancetheirmotivationforlearning.

withafixedmind-tbelievethatone'sintelligenceis

unchangeable.

orkplace,feedbackmaynotbesowelcometomanagerswitha

fixedmind-t.

SectionC

Directions:ssageisfollowed

hofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA.,B.,ulddecideonthebestchoiceand

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebadonthefollowingpassage.

"Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"are

commoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecome

objectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,

extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation."

Twoandahaftcenturieson,mostcountriesimposomesortoftaxon

rgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrain

onpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoy

withtheideaoftaxingsugaraswell.

minaryreviewof

Mexico'staxationfoundafallinpurchasoftaxeddrinksaswellasa

rast,aDanishtax

onfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amid

claimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermany

tosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.

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Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyoppodtosuchdirect

eless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthat

industrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsare

healthyaswellastasty.

Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprove

mple,somedrinkmanufacturershave

cuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.

Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeither

byreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfinding

cently,however,somecompanieshave

beeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowto

mple,having

saltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontent

withoutchangingthetaste.

Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,

istorememberthat

withobesity,amixtureof

approaches--includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportion

snosilverbullet.

dAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,o?

reprofitabletomanufacture.

reinever-increasingdemand.

resubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.

renolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.

emanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?

eundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.

nditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.

cticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularand

profitable.

arindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessin

generatingprofits.

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welearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?

otworkoutaswellaswaxpected.

ritoalotofproblemsontheborder.

dnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.

ithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.

themorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsand

drinksbothhealthyandtasty?

ingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.

galimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.

inginrearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers'needs.

ingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.

estheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"There

isnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)?

snosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.

snohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.

isnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:models

eatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsing

fromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustcondsaftertheystepoffthe

runway.

Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,

andtworearcherssayamodel'sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealth

itorialreleadMondayintheAmericanJournal

ofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheirca

forgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustry.

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Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under

16--lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization's

ordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodels

themlves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimages

influence.

"Especiallygirlsandteens,"saysRecord."Seventypercentofgirlsaged

10to18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebadonwhattheye

inmagazines."That'speciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia

(厌食症)resultsinmoredeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,

accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth.

It'scommonlyknownthatcertaindiasarelinkedwithoccupationslike

sionalfashionmodelsareparticularly

vulnerabletoeatingdisordersresultingfromoccupationaldemandsto

maintainextremethinness.

Record'ssuggestionistoprohibitagentsfromhiringmodelswithaBMI

below18.

InApril,Francepasdalawttinglowerlimitsforamodel'sweight.

AgentsandfashionhouswhohiremodelswithaBMIunder18couldpay

$82,tingthefashion

industryintheUnitedStateswon'tbeeasy,hthe

newrulesinFrance,tcouldmakeadifference."Adesigner

can'tsurvivewithoutparticipatinginParisFashionWeek",shesays,

adding,"OurargumentisthatthesamewouldbetrueofNewYorkFashion

Week."

RecordandAustinsayaboutfashionmodels'bodymass?

audneedlesscontroversy.

tamatterofpersonaltaste.

efocusofthemodelingbusiness.

ctsmodels'healthandsafety.

eRecordandAustinadvocatingintheMondayeditorial?

einthepublic'sviewoffemalebeauty.

mentlegislationaboutmodels'weight.

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ationofforcedweightlossbymodels.

itionofmodelatingnon-foodstuff.

RecordandAustinespeciallyworriedaboutthelowbodymass

indexofmodels?

ributestomanymentalillness.

nesthefutureofthefashionindustry.

reatinfluenceonnumerousgirlsandwomen.

smanyotherwiqualifiedwomenofftherunway.

welearnaboutFrance'sfashionindustry?

ifficultyhiringmodels.

owanewlawtofollow.

wsgirlsunder18ontherunway.

vertakenthatoftheUnitedStates.

esRecordexpectofNewYorkFashionWeek?

createacompletelynewtofrules.

dobetterthanParisFashionWeek.

differfromParisFashionWeek.

havemodelswithahigherBMI.

PartⅣ

Translation

(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslatea

uldwriteyouransweronAnswer

Sheet2.

在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在圭

蝗(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的

颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣

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服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人

们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解

(第2套)

PartIWriting

范文点评

高分范文

GoingtoGraduateSchoolIsaBetterChoice

①Ifgiventwooptionsaftergraduation,thatis,totakeajobinacompany

ortogotoagraduateschool,I'dpreferthelatter.

②Firstandforemost,itiswidelyacknowledgedthatahigherlevelof

educationmeansbetterpaymentsandmoreopportunitiesinthefuturein

China.③Therefore,Ithinkanothertwoorthreeyears'investmentin

graduateeducationmustbeworthwhileinthelongrun.④Secondly,I

lovemymajorandhaveastrongdesiretofurthermystudysoastodeeply

exploresomeacademicissuesinthisfield.⑤Finally,thejobmarketfor

undergraduatestudentsistoocompetitiveforaveragestudentslikemeto

findasatisfyingjob.⑥Thus,itwouldbeabetterchoiceifIcouldobtain

amaster'sdegree.

⑦Consideringthethreereasonslistedabove,Iwouldchootogoto

agraduateschoolaftergraduationtoearnabetterfuture.

作文全文翻译

PartIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

NewsReportone

PartⅢReadingComprehension

SectionA

阅读全文翻译

选项归类

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名词：

深度，深厚；

ons排放；

ion远足，短途旅游；

地板，楼层；

s高度，高地；

水平面，水平；

e局面，图画；

航行，航程

动词：

吸收，吸引……的注意；

ed使结合；

bute是(造成某情况)的一个原因，贡献；

e探索，探险；

使成水平，使平等；

使混合，混淆；

e想象，描述

形容词：

ed联合的；

erent漠不关心的；

混合的，混淆的；

不确定的，缺乏信心的

详解详析

26．。查看解析

27．bute。查看解析

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28．。查看解析

29．e。查看解析

30．e。查看解析

31．。查看解析

32．ed。查看解析

33．ons。查看解析

34．。查看解析

35．。查看解析

阅读全文翻译

详解详析

36.F。查看解析

ngoneffortiffectiveinhelpingchildrenovercome

frustrationandachievesuccess.

专注于努力在帮助孩子战胜挫折，获得成功方面是有效的=由题干中的Focusing

oneffort和achievesuccess定位到原文画线处

该段第一句提到，比起归因于缺乏努力，把糟糕的表现归因于缺乏能力对积极性

的打击更大。因此应该让孩子专注于付出努力会帮助他们勇敢地面对挫折，获得

成功。题干二中的overcomefrustration对应原文中的resolvehelplessness，

achieve对应generate，故答案为C。

38.I。查看解析

39.B。查看解析

uthor'xperiment,studentswithagrowthmind-tshowed

greaterperveranceinsolvingdifficultmathproblems.

在作者的实验中，拥有成长思维模式的学生在解决数学难题时表现出更强大的毅

力，

由题干中的greaterperverance和difficult定位到原文画线处。

该段开头提到这两种不同看法或者说两种思维模式会对学生的学业表现产生重

大影响，但这种影响并不会在一开始显现出来。当课程的难度逐渐增大时，拥有

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成长思维模式的学生会表现出更强大的毅力。题干中的perverance对应原文

中的persistence，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。

41.E。查看解析

ailingagainandagain,mostanimalsgiveuphope.

在一次又一次的失败之后，大多数动物都会放弃希望。

由题干中的failingagainandagain和giveuphope定位到原文画线处。

定位句指出宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家们做的动物实验表明，大多数动物在遭遇

多次失败之后，都会认为没有希望了，对于糟糕的情况它们束手无策，、题干中

的failingagainandagain对应原文中的repeatedfailures：giveuphope

对应原文中的hopeless，故答案为A。

43.J。查看解析

44.D。查看解析

45.H。查看解析

SectionC

PassageOne

阅读全文翻译

详解详析

46．C。

47．B。

48．A。由题干中Danishtaxationonfat-richfoods定位至第三段第三句：

Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafter

itsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossing

thebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper．fattierfare．

事实细节题。第三段讨论了糖、酒、烟税的有效性问题。墨西哥的酒税是有效的，

但是丹麦征收的高脂肪食品税却在执行一年后就被废除了，因为消费者为避免纳

税可以跨境去德国购买能满足其需求且更便宜、脂肪含量更高的食品。由此可知，

A.“没有像预期的那样有效”符合原文意思，故本题答案为A。

B.“带来了许多边境问题”、C.“没有德国的合作不可能成功”在原文中均未提

及，故均排除；D.“遇到了食品业的坚决反对”虽然符合第四段第一句的表述，

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但是第三段中并没有明确指出丹麦的政策是否遇到了抵制，故排除。

49．D。查看解析。50．A。查看解析

PassageTwo

全文翻译

你可能听说过时尚行业的一些恐怖故事：模特们吃下纸巾或棉花球来抵抗饥饿，

她们走下T台后不久就因饥饿导致的心脏病而倒下。

(51)几十年以来过瘦的模特一直是争论的焦点，两位研究者称模特的体重应该成

为职场健康的安全问题。(52)在星期一发行的《美国公共健康杂志》上，凯瑟琳·雷

科德和布瑞恩·奥斯汀阐述了政府加强时尚行业管理的理由。

国际T台模特的体重指数(BMI)平均不到l6——按照世界卫生组织的标准足以表

明饥饿。(53)雷科德和奥斯汀担忧的不仅仅是模特本身，还有受模特形象影响的

大量盘性。

“尤其是女孩和青少年。”雷科德说，“70％的l0～18岁女孩认为，她们根据在

杂志上看到的来定义什么是完美体型。”雷科德说这尤其让人担心，因为根据国

家精神健康研究院统计，厌食症导致的死亡人数比任何其他精神疾病都要多。

众所周知，某些疾病与职业相关，例如煤矿工人易得肺病。由于职业需要保持极

瘦的体型，专业模特尤其易患饮食失调。

雷科德的建议是禁止模特代理公司雇佣体重指数低于l8的模特。

(54)四月份，法国通过了一项法律，给模特的体重规定了更低的限制。模特代理

公司和时尚企业如果雇用体重指数低于l8的模特，要缴纳82000美元的罚款，

入狱最高达6个月。雷科德说监管美国的时尚业并不轻松。但是随着法国通过了

新法律，在美国的支持会大有不同。(55)她补充道，“如果不参加巴黎时尚周，

一个设计师都无法生存。我们认为．纽约时尚周也应如此。”

详解详析

51．D。查看解析52．B。查看解析53．C。查看解析54．B。查看解析55．D。

查看解析

PartIV

Translation

参考译文

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InChineculture,yellowisacoloroccupyingafairlyprominent

position,

feudalsociety,yellowstandsfortheruler'

time,yellowwasspeciallydesignedfortheemperor,withtheroyalpalace

paintedyellowandtheimperialrobealwaysbeingyellowwhiletheordinary

a,yellowisalso

opsareripeninginthefall,farmers

celebratetheharvestinhighspirits,withthefieldstaldngonavast

expanofgoldenappearance.