初中英语语法讲解

更新时间:2023-01-04 01:33:58 阅读: 评论:0


2023年1月4日发(作者:手动档汽车驾驶技巧)

1.1名词复数的规则变化

情况构成方法读音例词

一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps

浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars

以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es读/iz/bus-bus/watch-watches

以ce,,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/licen-licens

以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babies

1.2其它名词复数的规则变化

▲1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:

twoMarystheHenrys

monkey---monkeysholiday---holidays

2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时:

a.加s,如:photo---photospiano---pianos

radio---radioszoo---zoos;

b.加es,如:potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes

c.上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros/zeroes。

3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:

a.加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofs

safe---safesgulf---gulfs;

b.去f,fe加ves,如:half---halves

knife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolves

wife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves;

c.上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。

1.3名词复数的不规则变化

1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teeth

mou---miceman---menwoman---women

注意:由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如

anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;

Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans。

2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chine,Japane,li,jin,yuan,twoli,three

mu,fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:adollar,

twodollars;ameter,twometers。

3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:

peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说a

person,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChine,

theJapane,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如TheChineare

industriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。

为不可数名词。

tedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。

TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:

"TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故

事书。

5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glass(眼镜)trours,clothes等,若表达具体数

目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套);apairofglass;twopairsoftrours等。

6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,

fishes(各种)鱼。

1.4不同国籍人的单复数

国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数

中国人theChineaChinetwoChine

瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss

澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians

俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians

意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians

希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks

法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen

日本人theJapaneaJapanetwoJapane

美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans

印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians

加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians

德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans

英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen

瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes

【练习题】

一、写出下列名词的复数形式

1、orange2、class3、monkey4、piano5、

child6、shelf7、bed8、country9、family

10、toy11、foot12、radio13、photo14、

tomato15、woman16、knife17、sheep

18、ship19、dish20、mou21、tooth

22、leaf______

二、选择填空

()1.Icanethree________inthezoo.

AmonkeysBmonkeyesCmonkey

()hasfour______.

()rothersareboth______.

men

()eten_____.

pig

()_____hasthree______.

,,,watches

()e_______ontheplate?C.

breades

()loftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.

()koftendrinksome_________..

()resome_____.

books

()10..Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.

s

()two______.

sofwaters

()eatstwo_____lastnight.

()penandsome_____..

chair

()14、everybeautiful.

os

()omeintheriver.

,,,,fish

()wointhebox.

hes

()ldcleantwiceaday.

th

()_____roomisnearthereadingroom.

r’rs

()Jimare___.

A:friendsB:friendC:brotherD:sister

()y_____dotheyhave?

A:pictureB:picturesC:apicture

三、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空:

1>Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.

2>The_______(tomato)arered.

3>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)

4>Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).

5>Chine______(people)liketoeatnoodles.

6>Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.

7>Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.

8>Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).

9>Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.

10>Peterhaight_____(foot).

11>Lindahasthree_______(tooth).

12>Therearesome______(child)inthegarden.

13>Myuncleandfatherare_____(man).

14>TomandKingare_____(boy).

名词的所有格

名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+'s;另一

种是用of,表示"……的"。

1.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+'s。'srobot,children'sclothes

(2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+'rs'books

(3)两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后+'s;如果分别是两人所有,则在每个名词后

面+'s。dLily'sroom.(指两人共住一个房间)

MrsGreen'sandMrsBrown'sson.(指两人各自的儿子)

(4)表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略

tor's(office)'s

2.(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。

loftheclassroom,apictureofthebedroom,

(2)名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。

toryofa50-year-oldman

(4)双重所有格dofhis,thebignoofTom's

(5)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加's来构成所有

格。

utes'walk,today'snewspaper

例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

tmuch_____fromthonewbooks.

s

解析:much是用来修饰不可数名词的,ABD三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式,C项

为不可数名词,因此选C.

wo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.

,s,oranges

s,,oranges

解析:orange有两种含义,一种可数名词橘子,另一种是不可数名词橘汁,此题第一空

应填可数名词,第二空填不可数名词,因此选C。

kesa_________tohishome.

A.25minutes'walkB.25minute'swalk

C.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk

解析:句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+',而不能+s,因此选A。

_______wantstoeyou.

son

解析:person与people都有"人"的意思,但用法不同."一个人"用"aperson",

"两个人"用"twopersons";people泛指"人们"是集合名词,表示复数,thepeople指"

人民",apeople指"一个民族".应选B。

urlfto__________.

nsandapple

nandapples

解析:chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡

肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。

,tthetwo_________.

'''numbers

解析:roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有my

phsicsteacher,twobusdrivers等.应选C。

nhasbecomehercond_________.

解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;hou指的是房子(住所);room指的是房间;而

home指的是家,因此选C.

8.________motherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becautheyhavegonetoShanghai.

dPeter'dPeter

''sandPeter's

解析:此句中"mothers"是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。

asbeento__________manytimesthismonth.

le''s

解析:此句意为"李雷这个去她舅舅家多次".表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的

名词.

因此选B。

uccessasaleaderbuthehasn't________inteaching.

perience

perience

解析:experience作"经验"讲时是不可数名词,作"经历"讲时是可数名词.本句中应

理解为"经验",因此是不可数名词,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,

不用于否定句,因此选B。

mateof_________washeretenminutesago.

ster's

解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。

of_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.

men,s,Frenchmans

mans,,Frenchmen

解析:Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末

尾+S,应选A.

m________havingameeting.

解析:team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表

示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。

14."Wouldyoulike_________?""________,plea."

,drink,Coffees

,,Threecupsofcoffees

解析:drink和coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,

当前面加a时,则表示"一杯".因此选C。

atWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________

men.

ndstone,andstones,millions

thandstone,thsandstones,millions

解析:earth是不可数名词,因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof.

因此选A。

【练习与巩固】

选择最佳答案:

1.Lastnight,_______wereill,butno_______werelost.

,en,en,,life

2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.

---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!

erandfather's

er'sandfather'er'sandmymother

studentisin__________,GradeTwo.

lass

's__________'sgoandbuysomeflowersforour

teachers.

rs'chers'r's

ketisn''sonly_________bicycleride.

hours'hour'andahalf

6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?

---_________,plea.

sofcoffe

sofcoffees

Christmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.

_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.

heexam,we'llhave________holiday.

ks'k's

etho_________putthemonthebus.

r'rs'

11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?

---Therearetwo___________.

dsof

12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?

---Itsoundsreallywonderful.

snotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.

14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit

on'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.

olisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.

s's's

,Ihave_______totellyou!

odnews

sthe________tothepostoffice?

s

dat________lastSunday.

es'e'e'sfamily

________noteasytolearn.

1-5CBCBB6-10CACCD11-15ABBCD16-20BBBCB

I.名词所有格练习.

1.__________________________(李明的父母)workinabighospital.

__________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)

3.__________________________________(双胞胎的卧室)areverynice.

4.______________________________(王平和王明的父亲)isahotelmanager.

___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔)?

e___________________________________(Peter和Sam的老师).

7.___________________________(教师节)isonSeptember10th.

8.___________________________________(学生们的桌椅)areverynew.

eryhappyon____________________________________(儿童节).

_________________________________(老师的办公室)now.

open______________________________________(教室的门).

12.____________________________(赵敏的鞋)arewhite.

13._________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校)isbigandnew.

14.________________________________(John和Sally的母亲)areAmerican.

15._____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友)isfromGuangzhou.

16.______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑)isbroken.

’s_____________________________(妇女节)onMarch8th.

________________________________________(男生们的书包)?

_______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).

20.______________________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友)are

fromBeijing.

II.名词复数形式和数词的练习.

re_________________________________(58个学生)inourclass.

re________________________________(65个班级)inourschool.

____________________________(13本书)inmyschoolbag.

re_______________________________(73套桌椅)inthisclassroom.

’re______________________________(27个男生)and

_______________________________(31个女生)inmyclass.

re__________________________________(15台电脑)inthatroom.

dmais_______________________________(82岁).

re________________________________(44位女老师)inherschool.

re__________________________(94位男医生)inthatbighospital,

e__________________________________(几只鸟)inthetree.

11.______________________________(多少幅画)arethereinyoubedroom?

________________________________(3本字典).

e________________________________(一些风筝)inthesky?

oolhas_________________________________(2个图书馆).

re___________________________________(12个月)inayear.

’sfatheris_____________________________________(57岁).

re______________________________(13辆公共汽车)onthestreet.

ee__________________________________(18个妇女)overthere.

re___________________________________(22个孩子)intheroom.

e____________________________________(六杯茶)onthetable.

III.用some和any填空.

_____________goodfriendsinmyclass.

e____________waterinthebottle?

ave____________________money?

n’thave______________timetogothere.

re________________cakesonthetable.

’thave__________________milkforbreakfast.

have______________brothersorsisters?

ren’t_____________picturesonthewall.

k____________________questions?

re________flowersinyouclassroom?No,therearen’t_________.

____________apples,butwedon’thave____________pears.

e__________orangejuiceinthefridge?Yes,thereis____________.

eak____________English,butIcan’tspeak___________Russian.

have____________colorpencil?No,theydon’thave___________.

sn’t____________oandbuy____________.

e_____________teainthecup?No,thereisn’t____________.

have_________erhas________riceforit.

giveme_____________piecesofbread?

re____________deskshere,buttherearen’t_________tableshere.

oulike_____________hamburgerstoeat?

IV.句型转换.

A.把下列句子变为否定句.

ercanplaythepiano.

entsareChineteachers.

ssomecoffeeinthecup.

resometreesbehindmyhou.

omeredcoats.

cansingEnglishsongs.

remybooks.

herisafactoryworker.

B.把下列句子变为一般疑问句,并写出肯定和否定回答.

nspeaksomeChine.

isacretary.

ssomebreadinthepaperbag.

aremyshoes.

herisauniversityteacher.

resomechildreninthepark.

entsaredoctorsinthathospital.

ancookChinefood.

rehertoys.

ssomecokeinthebottle.

C.对划线部分提问.

’srainyandwindytoday.

rethirty-vendesksinmyclassroom.

3.

lcanrideahor.

alking.

retwenty-fourhoursinaday.

leisapoliceman.

atersintheboxesareblue.

dmaisaboutventyyearsold.

10.

eelevenboatsonthelake.

12.I’mamiddleschoolstudent.

D.

E.用所给的词将下列句子变位选择疑问句.

peakEnglish.(Japane).

ndisagirl.(boy)

nClassFour.(ClassFive)

sfromEngland.(Australia)

acher.(manager)

isblack.(white)

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