2013英语四级改革

大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷182(题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：gComprehension4.

Translation

PartIWriting

1．Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetterofappeal

callingforstudentparticipationinanaid-educationprojectinWesternareasfollowing

uldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180

words.1．市教委组织了一次西部支教的活动，学生会呼吁大学生积极参与2．活

动的时间、要求及作用ACallforParticipationinanAid-educationProject

正确答案：ACallforParticipationinanAid-educationProjectDearfellow

schoolmates,UnderthesponsorshipoftheMunicipalEducationCommission,an

bycallfor

yourparticipationtoofferyourkindhelptostudentsinthepoverty-strickenwestern

tsmeetingthefollowingrequirementsarewelcomeforthisproject.

Firstly,relevantteachingexperienceinEnglish,ly,

participantsshouldbeconfidenttoendurebadclimateandpoorlivingcondition.

Thisprojectwillbeabridgeshorteningthedistancebetweenpeopleinwesternareas

eanddevotionwillbenefittheteenagerstherewho

interested,pleacontacttheStudentUnionviaemailingstuden-tunionjd@.

Yourssincerely,TheStudentUnion

解析：这篇应用文要求考生写一篇倡议书，呼吁大学生积极参与西部支

教活动。要注意语言真挚。根据题目要求，文章结构可安排如下：第一段直

接点题：呼吁大学生积极参与由市教委资助的西部支教活动，并说明活动时间。

第二段简述此次西部支教活动的要求：其一，具备相关教学经验；其二，能够忍

受恶劣的气候和生活环境。第三段简述本次活动的作用，再次呼吁大学生积

极参与，并提供联系方式。

PartIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

听力原文：TheUN’sWorldFoodProgram(WFP)andAgricultureandFood

Organization(FAO)celebratedWorldFoodDaytoday,lofthe

inCousinisanexecutivedirectorof

ealedtotheglobalcommunitytotakeactiontoachieveaworld

said,Workingtogether,wecanallpressforthechanges

thattheworldneeds,includingendingextremepoverty,supportingsmall-holder

farmersandensuringaccesstonutritiousfoodallyearroundforthemostvulnerable

peoplebyinvestinginsocialprotectionprograms.”[2]WFPinvitedeveryoneto

eroHunger

anization

ofNewYork,Washingtonand

Chicago.1WhatisthemaingoalofWFPandFAO?2WhatdidWFPdotomarkthe

WorldFoodDay?

2．

A．ToholdsomecelebrationsonWorldFoodDay.

B．Totakeactionandcopewithworldhunger.

C．Tolaunchfund-raisingeventsforpoorcountries.

D．Toadvertiaworldwithouthungeronline.

正确答案：B

解析：题目询问WFP“世界粮食计划署”和FAO“粮农组织”的宗旨是什

么。新闻开篇便说“这些组织以对抗世界饥饿为宗旨”(fightworldhunger)，B“采

取行动以应对饥饿”意思与此一致，故B为正确选项。

3．

A．Appealedtotheglobalcommunitytofighthunger.

B．Workedwiththepresstolaunchasocialprotectionprogram.

C．EncouragedpeopletopostZeroHungeronsocialmedia.

D．HeldcelebratingeventsinmajorcitiesoftheU.S.

正确答案：C

解析：题目询问WFP对世界粮食日的庆祝活动。新闻末尾提到WFP的两

项举措，一是邀请每个人在社交网上发ZeroHunger的信息，二是在美国的三个

城市筹款，选项中，C与前者对应，为正确答案。

听力原文：With32countriescompetinginthemonth-longWorldCup,it’s

oneoftheworld’nonecountryscoresagoal,orjust

comesclotoscoringone—theroarisheardaroundtheworld.[31Theeventalso

arlocationinNewYork,traffic

l,businessmenareexpectingahigher

sbeersalesgo,theyarelookingat

staurantsarerelyingon

timates

reportadspendingduringtheWorldCupwillgeneratemorethan$1.5billion—with

thebulkofthespendingbenefitingNorthAmericaandWesternEurope.3Whatisthe

newsreportmainlyabout?4WhatdowelearnaboutthebusinessduringtheWorld

Cup?

4．

A．IntroductionoftheWorldCuphistory.

B．Thegreatexcitementduringthegamedays.

C．ThetrafficconditionsinNewYorkCity.

D．ThebusinessconditionsduringtheWorldCup.

正确答案：D

解析：题目询问新闻的主要内容。该报道由世界杯的盛况切入，之后说“赛

事也为商家(businessmen)带来了极大的喜悦”，下文开始详述世界杯对商业的影

响，因此D“世界杯期间的商业状况”可以概括新闻主旨。

5．

A．Marketcrowdskeptthebusinessgoing.

B．Socialnetworkshelpedinformrestaurants’specialoffers.

C．Theadsontheinternetspent$1.5billion.

D．Thebeerswere20and30percentoff.

正确答案：B

解析：题目询问世界杯期间的营业状况。新闻中提到“很多餐厅都依靠社交

网络来告诉客人他们在世界杯期间提供的特惠”(relyingonsocialnet-worksto

tell．．．specials)，B“社交网络帮助宣传他们的特殊优惠”正确。

听力原文：TheUnitedNationsjustwrappedupaneventfocudongender

equalityistheconceptthatmenandwomenhadexactlythesame

opportunitiesandrightsinsociety,thattheyaren’tdiscriminatedagainstbadon

aren’nliveinthehouwithouttheir

husband’rearewaysthe

viously,s

showit’sgoodforfamiliesandforbusiness,whichiswhymanycountriesinsiston

ce,forexample,womenareguaranteedatleast16weekspaidmaternity

leave,26weeksifit’sinEstoniagettwofullyearsof

urcountriesintheworlddonotguaranteeanyformofpaid

,roughly84percentof

countries,includingAfghanistan,

tutiondoesnot.5WhatdidtheeventwrappedupbytheUNfocuson?6

WhatdowelearnaboutthewomenintheUnitedStates?7Whataretheconditionsof

genderequalityoutsidetheU.S.?

6．

A．Genderequality.

B．Women’smarriage.

C．Genderdiscrimination.

D．Paidmaternityleave.

正确答案：A

解析：题目询问联合国刚结束的事件的关注点是什么。新闻首句就讲到联合

国刚结束关注性别平等的事件(aneventfocudongenderequality)，所以A“性别

平等”为正确选项。

7．

A．Theyenjoythesamerightswithmen.

B．Theyareoftenforcedtomarryatayoungage.

C．Theyhavesuchrightsaducationandvoting.

D．Theyusuallydon’tworkaftermarriage.

正确答案：C

解析：题目询问美国女性的信息。新闻中说“她们可以追求受教育权利，享

有投票权”，C与原文一致，故为答案。

8．

A．Frenchwomenhavethelongestmaternityleave.

B．Fewcountriesguaranteegenderequalityinconstitutions.

C．Afghanistan’sconstitutionguaranteesgenderequality.

D．Allcountriesaroundtheworldofferpaidmaternityleave.

正确答案：C

解析：题目问性别平等问题在美国以外的情况。新闻后段集中这部分情况，

结尾处说到“包括阿富汗在内大约84％的国家在他们的宪法中保障性别平等权

利(guaranteegenderequalityintheirconstitutions)。”故C“阿富汗的宪法保证性别

平等”正确。

SectionB

听力原文：W:Jack,ufoundone

yet?M:I’mgettingdiscouragedandfrustratedIwenttotheweeklyjobmarkettheday

newasreallywantingtohireanEnglishmajor.W:Iquite

here,thatmanyofthecompaniestherewereonly

lookingforpeoplewithmoreskills.M:Ican’tthere,

too?Haveyouhadanyjobopportunities?W:Youknow,Ihavelearnedcomputerand

Iknowitquitewell.[9]Aquiteprosperouscompanywouldgivemeaninterview.M:

Howwonderful!Tellmeaboutit.W:YouknowIamfamiliarwithWordPerfectThe

eyfoundIwasableto

speakverygoodEnglish,theywereevenmoreimpresd.[8]Youknowtheyjust

wantpeoplewithcombinationofskills.M:Iwashopingtofindasalesjobinan

import-exportcompany.W:You’glishisvery

yfriendshasbeenworkinginan

import-exportcompanyformanyyears,andnowheisthepersonnelmanagerofthat

ouldlike,Iwillcallhimandaskhimtohelpyoufindajobthere.M:

omeofmyclassmateshavefoundjobsinthat

areaThankyouforyourhelp.W:Youarewelcome.8Whatkindofpeopleweremost

companieslookingfor?9Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromthe

conversation?10Whydoesthewomanthinkthemanwillbegoodatasalesjob?11

Howcanthemanfindasalesjob?

9．

A．Withcomputerskill.

B．Withjobexperience.

C．WithamajorinEnglish.

D．Withmultipleskills.

正确答案：D

解析：对话里女士表示她也去了人才市场，发现那里很多公司只找有更多技

能的求职者。之后又说她遇到的第一家公司也需要有综合技能的人。D中的

multipleskills“多种技能”与录音所说相符，故为答案。

10．

A．Shefeltdiscouraged.

B．Shewasgivenaninterview.

C．Shehasfoundajob.

D．Shewasn’tgoodatEnglish.

正确答案：B

解析：对话中，女士说她也去找工作了，有一家很有发展前景的公司给了她

一个面试的机会(givemeaninterview)，因此本题选B。

11．

A．HespeaksgoodEnglishandhasinterestinbusiness.

B．Hehasworkedinanimport-exportcompanyforyears.

C．Someofhisclassmateshavefoundjobsinthatarea.

D．HeisfamiliarwiththesoftwareWordPerfect.

正确答案：A

解析：男士说他想要找一个进出口公司的销售工作，女士回应说他会擅长这

类型工作，他英语好，又对商务感兴趣。可见，A是女士所列理由的同义替换，

故选A。

12．

A．Hewillcallonthegeneralmanager.

B．Hisclassmateswilldohimafavor.

C．Thewoman’sfriendwillhelphim.

D．Hewillfinditallbyhimlf.

正确答案：C

解析：女士说她朋友现在是进出口公司的人事经理，如果男士愿意，她会打

电话给她朋友叫他帮男士在那谋职。可见男士可通过女士朋友的帮助找到工作，

C正确。

听力原文：M:Hi,Ro,youaresoabsorbedthatyoudidn’tevenknowIcame

in.W:Oh,assignedthehomeworktolearnmoreaboutthe

Brontesisters.[12]NowIamreadingoneoftheirbooksJaneEyre.M:I’vejustreadit

rittenbythe

eldestsister,CharlotteBronte.W:So,moreaboutthem.

M:TheothertwoareEmilyandAnne,andtheirfamousworksareWutheringHeights,

andAgnesGreyrespectively.W:sowell-known?

M:Well,it’sinterestingthattholiteraturegeniushadsuchanordinarybrother.

Whateverhedid,r,laterhegotfamousbecauitwas

hewholefttheworldthesisters’onlypicture.W:Youmeanwithouthim,wewould

nothavelearnedwhatthesisterslookedlike?M:ally,Ithink

thereason,ulearned

thathissisterssacrificedalottopromotehim?W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Intheearly

periodofthe19thcentury,opesofa

eesistershadtheirfirstbookspublishedin

theirpennames.W:So,inequalitybetweenmenandwomenwasahistoricalproblem.

Butit’sapitythatthesistersdiedveryyoung.12Whatwasthewomandoingwhen

themancamein?13WhowroteWutheringHeights?14WhywastheBrontesisters’

brotherafailure?15WhatdoweknowabouttheBrontesisters’firstbooks?

13．

A．Shewasdoinghouwork.

B．ShewasreadingJaneEyre.

C．Shewasabsorbedinamovie.

D．Shewastalkingwithhersisters.

正确答案：B

解析：男士说Ro太投入了，以至于他进来她都没察觉到。女士回答说她

们的家庭作业是要多了解勃朗特姐妹，所以她正在读她们的其中一本书《简·爱》。

可见，男士进来时女士正在看《简·爱》，故选B。

14．

A．Emily.

B．Charlotte.

C．Anne.

D．Jane.

正确答案：A

解析：男士说Emily和Anne分别写了《呼啸山庄》和《艾格妮丝·格雷》。

可见《呼啸山庄》是Emily写的，选A。

15．

A．Hemighthavebeenspoiled.

B．Hewasn’tpromoted.

C．Hedidn’thavehisownpicture.

D．Hewaslookeddownupon.

正确答案：A

解析：男士说他个人觉得勃朗特姐妹的弟弟未能获得成功的原因可能是他被

宠坏了。可见被宠坏是失败的原因，选A。

16．

A．Theirttingswereinthe19thcentury.

B．Theywerestoriesaboutinequality.

C．Theyttledhistoricalproblems.

D．Theywerepublishedinpennames.

正确答案：D

解析：男士说在19世纪早期，女性一般会受到歧视，所以一家人的希望都

寄托在男孩身上。三姐妹发表她们第一部作品时都是用笔名。D可直接从对话中

听到，故为答案。

SectionC

听力原文：I’’vebecomereally

alarmedoverthehealthcenterbythenumberofstudentswhoareexperiencing

,Iwanttogooversomebasicsabouthearing,andthenwecantake

alookatourschoolenvironmentandeifwecanfigureoutsomewaystoprotect

h

moderatenoiforalongtime,orsometypesofintennoiforevenashorttime

ibelisthe

upto80decibelsgenerally

aren’tharmful,that’thinglouderthan80decibels,

especiallywithcontinuouxposure,u’re

uptoaround140decibels,that’slikeajetplanetakingoff,thenyoumightevenfeel

e

you

,takealookatthedecibel

howloudthohornsarethatpeople

,

let’strytogeneratealistofdamagingnois.16Whatisthemaincauofhearing

loss?17Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutharmfulnoi?18Whatdoesthespeaker

suggesttoprotecthearing?19Whatwillthespeakerprobablydonext?

17．

A．Exposuretoexcessivenoi.

B．Lackofrest.

C．Unpreventableaccident.

D．Intenworkpressure.

正确答案：A

解析：录音提到引起可预防性失聪的主要原因(leadingcau)是过度的噪音

(excessivenoi)，A复现了录音原词，为正确答案。

18．

A．Moderatenoiisharmless.

B．Soundabove80decibelscanhurthearing.

C．Noicanmakepeoplefeelstresd.

D．Thereisnonoioncampus.

正确答案：B

解析：录音提到，任何高于80分贝的声音，尤其是持续暴露在此种声音之

下，最终会对听力造成损害，B所述与此一致，故为正确答案。

19．

A．Domedicalcheckupregularly.

B．Avoidmakingnoi.

C．Limitexposuretoharmfulnoi.

D．Liveintheplacewithoutnois.

正确答案：C

解析：录音提到，对于噪音，我们需要做的就是限制自己暴露在达到有害程

度的噪音下(limityourexposuretoharmfullevels)，C所说与此一致，故为答案。

20．

A．Measuredamagingnoisoncampus.

B．Makealistofcampusnois.

C．Figureouthowtofightagainstnoi.

D．Explaintheconceptofnoi.

正确答案：B

解析：在录音的最后，说话者提到“让我们列出一个有害噪音的清单吧”，

且结合之前提到的校园噪音可知，此处是指列出校园内的噪音清单，故B为答

案。

听力原文：Climatechangeismakingitharderthanusualforscientiststo

figureoutwhatthefuturewillbringandwhatimpactweatherchangeswillhaveon

nincreaofvereweathereventshasalready

destroyedhomes,irlysimplechangesmayreducethe

nneltests,donebytheInsuranceInstituteforBusiness&Home

Safety,showedthat[20]strongerconstructioncostsalittlemore,butholdsupmuch

wingnumberofunusuallystrongstormshas

convincedpeoplethatextremeweatheristhe“newnorm.”Extremeweatherevents

haveincreadinfrequencyoverthepast50yearsandareexpectedtobecomeeven

morecommon,moreinten,tisanothersuspected

conquenceofclimatechange,anddrygroundmeansmorewildfiresinCalifornia

Currentmathematicalmodelsofclimatechangedoapoorjobofpredictingthe

andoiscomeupwith

sustimatesthatmaybeexpertsprovide,

thatgiveusaviewofwhatwouldtheterribleoutcomelooklikeifwedon’tdo

dealwithclimateproblems,policymakersshouldtakeactions

ntaxwouldencourage

companiesandfamiliestoulesnergyandgeneratefewerofthegasthoughtto

bedrivingchangesintheclimate.20Whatdoweknowaboutstronger

construction?21WhatistheconquenceofdroughtinCalifornia?22Whatwouldbe

thebenefitofimposingcarbontax?

21．

A．Itcostsnomorethanthenormalconstruction.

B．Itdoesapoorjoboffacingextremeweather.

C．Itholdsupmuchbettertoextremeweather.

D．Itimpactsweatherchangesandtheeconomy.

正确答案：C

解析：短文提到，更为牢固的建筑花费要贵一些，但是更能承受得住极端恶

劣的天气。C可以直接从原文听到，故为答案。

22．

A．Wildfires.

B．Famine.

C．Flood.

D．Plague.

正确答案：A

解析：短文提到，旱灾也可能是气候变化的另一个结果，而在加州，干旱的

土地则意味着会引发更多野火。A为答案。

23．

A．Makepeoplecomeupwithroughnumbersandestimates.

B．Makepeopleulesnergyandgeneratefewergas.

C．Helpscientistsfigureoutwhatthefuturewillbring.

D．Encouragecompaniestoemitmorecarbondioxide.

正确答案：B

解析：短文末尾处提到，碳税会促使公司和家庭使用更少的能源，并产生更

少的有害气体。B把原文的companiesandfamilies概括为people，语义与原文完

全一致，故选B。

听力原文：Somediasareinfectious—likecoldsandfluButwhatabout

loneliness?Lonelinessmaynotbeadia,atleastnotinthesamewaythatfluis.

ly,manyemotionscanbeinfectious.

Beingaroundsomeonewho’

hangingaroundsomeonewho’egoesfor

ingtoonestudy,theaveragepersonfeelslonelyaboutforty-eight

alonelyfriendaddsaroundventeenextradaysoflonely

ingmorethanfive-thousandpeoplefortenyears,thestudy

people,items,

transmittheirsad,ppens,accordingto

thestudy,isthatinteractingwithalonelypersoncanleaveyouwithanegativefeeling

ou’remorelikelytohavenegativeexperiences

withotherfriends,linessisallowedtospread

unchecked,twaytowardoffthissortof

ng

outtothowhoareshyordon’tfitin,andarethereforelonely,canmakethemfeel

hey’relesslikelytospreadlonelyfeelingsthroughoutthegroup.23

Howwillyoufeelwhenbeingaroundsomeonewho’sreallyhappy?24Whatwill

happeniflonelinessspreadsunchecked?25Whatisthebestwaytoavoidthelonely

infection?

24．

A．Youwillbedelighted.

B．Youwillnotbeaffected.

C．Youmayfeeldepresd.

D．Youwillfeellonely.

正确答案：A

解析：短文提到，有一个真正快乐的人在身边能让你心情愉快。可见快乐是

可以传染的，A中的delighted与happy同义，故正确。

25．

A．Socialbondswillstaysteady.

B．Onewilllomanyfriends.

C．Peoplecanmakefriendsmoreeasily

D．Asocialnetworkwillbedestroyed.

正确答案：D

解析：短文提到，如果寂寞被允许泛滥地传播，那么它会破坏整个社交网络。

D用了被动语态，语义与原文一致，故选D。

26．

A．Transmithappyfeelingstoothers.

B．Reachouttopeoplewhoneedhelp.

C．Paymoreattentiontolonelypeople.

D．Interactwithahappypersonfrequently.

正确答案：C

解析：短文末尾提到，避免这种寂寞传染最好的方式就是将更多的注意力放

在处于寂寞边缘的人群身上。原文的peopleontheedgesofagroup实际指的就是

lonelypeople，C与原文表述一致，故为答案。

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionA

Wouldyoubehappierifyouspentmoretimediscussingthestateofthe

worldandthemeaningoflife—andlesstimetalkingabouttheweather?Itmay

soundcounterintuitive(违反直觉的),butpeoplewhospendmoreoftheirdayhaving

deepdiscussionsandlesstimeengaginginsmalltalkemtobehappier,said

MatthiasMehl,apsychologistattheUniversityofArizonawhopublishedastudyon

the【C1】______.“Wefoundthissointeresting,becauitcouldhavegonethe

otherway—itcouldhavebeen,‘Don’tworry,behappy’—aslongasyousurfonthe

【C2】______leveloflifeyou’rehappy,andifyougointotheesntialdepthsyou’ll

beunhappy,”,he【C3】______,deepconversationemedto

holdthe【C4】______tohappinessfortwomainreasons:bothbecauhumanbeings

aredriventofindandcreate【C5】______intheirlives,andbecauwearesocial

animalswhowantandneedto【C6】______withotherpeople.“Byengagingin

meaningfulconversations,wemanagetoimpomeaningona(n)【C7】______pretty

chaoticworld,”id.“Andinterpersonally,asyoufindthismeaning,you

bondwithyourinteractivepartner,andweknowthatinterpersonalconnectionand

integrationisacore【C8】______foundationofhappiness.”’sstudywas

smallanddoesn’t【C9】______acau-and-effectrelationshipbetweenthekindof

conversationsonehasandone’t’sthe【C10】______nextstep,

whenhewillaskpeopletoincreathenumberofdeepconversationstheyhaveeach

dayandcutbackonsmalltalk,andviceversa.A)calculatedE)fundamentalI)

neverthelessM)proveB)connectF)keyJ)otherwiN)shallowC)contactG)loveK)

plannedO)subjectD)fantasticH)meaningL)propod

27．【C1】

正确答案：O

解析：此处应为名词。上文提到深度交谈比闲聊更让人快乐，很显然心理学

家MatthiasMehl是对该话题进行研究，on通常可以表示关于某个话题，是提示。

此处应该是subject。

28．【C2】

正确答案：N

解析：此处应为形容词。这句话是将闲聊使人快乐，深度交谈让人不快进行

对比说明，故此处填的词在意思上是esntialdepths的对立面，很显然选

shallow(肤浅的，浅显的)。

29．【C3】

正确答案：L

解析：此处应为动词，且为过去式。下文内容是关于深度交谈让人快乐的原

因，可知此处应是一个表示该科学家“提出、指出”其观点、论点、想法的词，

propod符合语义。

30．【C4】

正确答案：F

解析：此处应为名词。文章主题是深度交谈可以带来快乐，key最符合语义。

key也经常后接介词to，表示“是……的关键”。

31．【C5】

正确答案：H

解析：此处应为名词。第1段例举属于深度交谈的内容时就出现过meaning

oflife(生活的意义)，下文出现的meaningful和meaning提示了此处应该是指“生

活的意义”，选meaning。注意love与文章主题的关联性不如meaning强，故不

选。

32．【C6】

正确答案：B

解析：此处应为动词。socialanimals表明人与人是“相互联系”的，connect

with语义符合且是常用搭配，故选connect。contact为及物动词，其后直接接人

而无需跟with，注意排除。

33．【C7】

正确答案：J

解析：此处应为副词。空后的chaotic表示“混乱的”，这与上文的meaningful

等表述积极的概念是截然不同的，otherwi符合语义。

34．【C8】

正确答案：E

解析：此处应为形容词。由此空前后的core和foundation可知，此处应该填

与这两个词意思相近的词表示“基本的、重要的”之类的含义，故fundamental

符合。

35．【C9】

正确答案：M

解析：此处为动词。下文的将来时态说明Dr．Mehl将来的研究方向，说明

Dr．Mehl之前的研究还没“证实”空后的内容，只有prove符合语义。

36．【C10】

正确答案：K

解析：此处应为形容词。下文是讲Dr．Mehl下一步研究的具体操作，表明

这是有计划的，planned符合语义。calculated在意思上稍微有点沾边，但它强调

“精心策划的，蓄意的”，不合适。

SectionB

AreBadEconomicTimesGoodforHealth?[A]Mostpeopleareworried

stheeconomyalsoaffectyourhealth?It

does,aonhowaneconomic

downturninfluencesanindividual’’sclearthat

long-termeconomicgainsleadtoimprovementsinapopulation’soverallhealth,in

developingandindustrializedsocietiesalike.[B]Butwhetherthecurrenteconomic

downturnwilltakeatollonyourownhealthdepends,inpart,onyourhealthhabits

nomicstudiessuggestthatpeopletendnottotakecare

ofthemlvesinboomtimes—drinkingtoomuch(especiallybeforedriving),dining

onfat-filledrestaurantmealsandskippingexercianddoctors’appointments

becauofwork-relatedtimecommitments.[C]“Thevalueoftimeishigherduring

goodeconomictimes,”saidGrantMiller,anassistantprofessorofmedicineat

Stanford.“Sopeopleworkmoreanddolessofthethingsthataregoodforthem,like

cookingathomeandexercising:andpeopleexperiencemorestressduetotheverity

ofhardworkduringbooms.”[D]Similarpatternshavebeeneninsomedeveloping

,whoisstudyingtheeffectsoffluctuatingcoffeepricesonhealthin

Colombia,saysthateventhoughfallingpricesarebadfortheeconomy,theyappear

icesarelow,laborershavemore

timetocarefortheirchildren.“Whencoffeepricessuddenlyri,peopleworkharder

ontheircoffeeplotsandspendlesstimedoingthingsaroundthehome,including

thingsthataregoodfortheirchildren,”hesaid.“Becauthethingsthatmattermost

forinfantandchildhealthinruralColombiaaren’texpensive,butrequirea

substantialamountoftime—suchasbreast-feeding,bringingcleanwaterfromfar

away,takingyourchildtoadistanthealthclinicforfreevaccinations(接种疫苗)—

infantandchilddeathratesri.”[E]Inthiscountry,asimilareffectappearedinthe

DustBowlduringtheGreatDepression,and

aemto

contradictrearchinthe1970ssuggestingthatinhardtimestherearemoredeaths

fromheartdia,cirrhosis(肝硬化),suicideandmurder,aswellasmore

findingshavenotbeenrepeated,andveral

economistshavepointedoutflawsintherearch.[F]InMay2000,theQuarterly

JournalofEconomicspublishedasurprisingpapercalled“AreRecessionsGoodfor

YourHealth?”,professorofeconomicsattheUniversityof

NorthCarolina,Greensboro,badonananalysismeasuringdeathratesandhealth

foundthatdeathratesdeclinedsharplyinthe1974and1982recessions,andincread

eaofonepercentagepointinstate

unemploymentratescorrelatedwitha0.5percentagepointdeclineinthedeathrate—

orabout5fewerdeathsper100,l,thedeathratefellbymorethan

8percentinthe20-yearperiodofmostlyeconomicdecline,ledbydropsinheart

diaandcarcrashes.[G]Theeconomicdownturndidappeartotakeatollon

factorshavinglesstodowithpreventionandmoretodowithmentalwell-beingand

tance,cancerdeathsro23percent,anddeathsfromflu

esro2percent,homicides12percent.[H]

Theissuethatmaymattermostinaneconomiccrisisisnotrelatedtojobsorincome,

butwhethertheslumpwidensthegapbetweenrichandpoor,andwhetherthereisan

adequatehealthsafetynetavailabletothowhohavelosttheirjobsandinsurance.

DuringadecadeofeconomicrecessioninJapanthatbeganinthe1990s,peoplewho

wereunemployedweretwiceaslikelytobeinpoorhealthasthowithcurejobs.

DuringPeru’svereeconomiccrisisinthe1980s,infantdeathsjumped2.5

percentagepoints—about17,000morechildrenwhodiedaspublichealthspending

andsocialprogramscollapd.[I]InAugust,rearchersfromtheFreeUniversityof

undthatindividuals

bominarecessionwereathigherriskforheartproblemslaterinlifeandlived,on

average,

Berg,aneconomicsprofessorwhowasaco-authorofthestudy,saidbabiesinpoor

houholdssufferedthemostinarecession,becautheirfamilieslackedaccessto

onomicconditionscanalsocaustressthatmayinterfere

withparentbondingandchildhooddevelopment,dthatotherstudies

hadfoundthatrecessionscanbenefitbabiesbygivingtheirparentsmoretimeat

home.[J]“Thisscenario(情况)mayberelevantforwell-to-dofamilieswhereoneof

theparentslosajobandtheotherstillbringsinenoughmoney,”hesaid.“Butina

crisiswherethefamilymayhavetofacehugehousing-costlossandthehouhold

incomeisinsufficientforadequatenutritionandhealthcare,thedisadvantageous

effectsofbeingborninarecessionemmuchmorerelevant.”[K]IntheUSA,there

arealreadysignsoftheeconomy’,themarketrearchfirm

InformationResourcesreportedthat53percentofconsumerssaidtheywerecooking

morethantheydidjustsixmonthsbefore—inpart,nodoubt,becauoftherising

ametime,

premiumsandco-payments,theaverageemployeewithinsurancepaysnearly

one-thirdofmedicalcosts—abouttwiceasmuchasfouryearsago,accordingtoPaul

y,executivedirectoroftheDeloitteCenterforHealthSolutions.[L]Inthe

UnitedStates,whichunlikeotherindustrializednationslacksanationalhealthplan,

46millionAmericanslackhealth

insurance,ysays,andevenamongthe179millionwhohaveit,an

nomic

downturn“isnotgoodnewsforthehealthcareindustry,”hesaid.“Theremaybe

somethingpositive,butIthinkthisneedspondering.”

37．Bergnotedthatrecessionscanbenefitbabiesbornin

well-to-dofamilies.

正确答案：I

解析：根据题目中的GerardJ．vandenBerg和babies等词定位到I段。该

段第3句提到人物GerardJ．vandenBerg，并在其后几句表达他的看法和观点。

其中最后一句提到，经济衰退使父母有更多时间留在家中，从而使一些婴儿受益，

结合后一段J段首句的”Thisscenario．．．forwell-to-dofamilies”可知，这里提到

的受益的婴儿来自富裕家庭。

38．Forthefamilywhoincomeisnotsufficientforadequatehealthcare,

recessionhasnegativeeffectsonthechildren,ratherthanbenefitsthem.

正确答案：J

解析：题目有关经济衰退对小孩的影响。有关段落有D、I和J段。根据关

键信息词notsufficientforhealthcare可定位到J段最后一句。该句表明了若危机

中一个家庭的收入不足以支付医疗保健的费用，那么在经济衰退时期出生的婴儿

受到的负面影响就会更加突出。原文语义与题目一致。

39．TheriofchildandinfantdeathratesinColombiaisusuallytheresultof

parents’lackoftime.

正确答案：D

解析：本题与哥伦比亚的情况相关，只有D段提到了相关内容。再根据child

andinfantdeathratesri及time可定位至D段最后一句。该句提到，在哥伦比亚，

照顾孩子的成本不高，但需要大量的时间，而家长没有“大量的时间”照顾好孩

子，导致儿童和婴儿的死亡率上升，这与本题所述一致，故确定D段为本题出

处。

40．Duringtheeconomicdownturnsin1974and1982,deathratedecread

dramaticallyintheUS.

正确答案：F

解析：根据时间状语1974和1982可以直接定位到F段第2句。该句表示在

1974年和1982年两次的经济衰退期中，美国的死亡率都急剧下降，题目的

economicdownturn对应原文的recessions，而decreaddramatically则对应原文

的declinedsharply，本题意思与原文一致。

41．DuringthedecadeofrecessioninJapan,comparedwiththowithcure

jobs,theunemployedweremorelikelytofallill.

正确答案：H

解析：题目谈到日本失业人员的健康状况。文中只有H段提到日本，该段

第2句表示日本在上世纪90年代，经济衰退的十年间，失业人员健康状况不佳

的可能性是有稳定工作的人的2倍，twiceaslikelytobeinpoorhealth表明失业的

人更容易生病，这与题目语义相同，故H段为本题出处。

42．PartlyduetotherisingpriceofpreparedfoodsintheUS,morethanhalfof

peoplenowprefertocookathome.

正确答案：K

解析：根据关键词preparedfood及cookathome可定位到K段。该段谈经

济波动对健康的影响。其中第2句通过市场调查报告指出，与六个月前相比，53％

的消费者表示在家做饭的次数增加了。53％即过半数与题目的morethanhalf相

符，题目中的prefertocookathome则与原文的cookingmore对应。

43．ThereisnonationalhealthplanintheUnitedStates.

正确答案：L

解析：根据关键词nationalhealthplan可定位到L段。文中只有这一段提到

该名词。L段首句就表示美国不像其他工业国家，没有实施国民健康计划。题中

的no对应原文非限制性定语从句中的lacks，故可确定本题出处为L段。

44．Itisshownineconomicstudiesthat,peopleinboomtimestendtoexerci

less.

正确答案：B

解析：本题讲述经济情况与人们锻炼的多少的关系，根据economicstudies，

boomtimes以及exerciless可定位至B段最后一句。该句提及在经济繁荣期，

人们往往不太会照料自己，会多喝酒、工作更繁忙、停止锻炼、生病了也没空看

医生，题目中的exerciless与文中的skippingexerci对应，故B段为本题出

处。

45．Long-termeconomicprosperityishelpfulforapopulation’soverallhealth

indevelopingcountries.

正确答案：A

解析：本题讲述经济繁荣与人口总体健康水平的关系。根据关键词

population’soverallhealth可直接定位到A段末句。该句表示长期的经济发展可

以提升人们总体的健康水平，与题目意思一致，故A段为本题出处。

46．InAugustrearchersfoundthatthowhowerebornduringarecession

weremorelikelytodevelopheartproblemsthanthowhowerebornunderbetter

conditions.

正确答案：I

解析：根据时间状语InAugust，可考虑去I段查找信息。该段第2句可找到

题目的其他关键词born，recession，heartproblems以及betterconditions。题目中

的morelikelytodevelop与原文的athigherriskfor语义相同，故可确定I段为本

题出处。

SectionC

Althoughthestigma(耻辱)onceassociatedwithmentalillnesshas

graduallygoneawayinrecentyears,mostoftheAmericanswhohaveclinical

depressionstilldon’tgettreatedforit,partlybecaumanyaretooembarrasdtogo

,themajorityofdepresdpeoplewhoekprofessionalhelp

egular

doctorsreallyknowhowtoidentifydepression?Alargenewscientificreview

suggeststheydon’iewof41previousstudies,theauthorsfoundthatgeneral

practitionersmakefrequentmistakes,missingtruecasofdepressionabouthalfthe

timeandincorrectlydiagnosingitin19%tchell,Amol

tethatabout1

in5

meansthatamongageneralpatientpopulationof100,about20willdevelopthe

condition,

amongthe80healthypeople,thedoctorwillincorrectlyidentifydepressionin15.

Thisissignificantbecaudepressioncanmakethepatientandhisorherfamilyweak.

Depressionalsocarriesanenormoussocialburden,leadingtomisdworkdays,loss

r,thomisdiagnod

withdepressionmayendupbeingprescribedmedicinethatnotonlycostsalotbut

iousstudiesthatMitchell,VazeandRao

revieweduddifferentmethodstoverifywhetherdoctorshadmisddepressionin

llyallthestudiespointedtothesameconclusion:general

physiciansaren’tverygoodatrecognizingthemostcommonmentalillnessinthe

?Onereasonisthatthetypicaldoctorvisitisquiteshort,usuallyno

’shardforpatientstoopenupabouttheirsymptomsduring

sshouldspendmoretimeorschedulefollow-upappointments

withpatientstheysuspecthavedepression,whichcandramaticallyincreatherate

ofaccuratediagnos.

47．Mostdepresdpeoplerefutoeapsychologistpartlybecau_______.

A．theyarefrightenedofgoingtoapsychologist

B．theyhavetrustintheirprimary-carephysicians

C．theythinktheillnessisnotthatrious

D．theyrelateembarrassmenttoeingapsychologist

正确答案：D

解析：第1段第1句partlybecau后的内容解释了人们不会去看心理医生

的原因是他们觉得很尴尬(tooembarrasdto．．．)，D是对该句的同义改写，

relate．．．to．．．“把……和……联系在一起”，注意embarrassment是embarrass

的名词形式。

48．Inanewscientificreview,therearchersfoundthat_______.

A．psychologistsoftenmissthetruecaofdepression

B．generalphysiciansoftenmakewrongjudgmentofdepression

C．mostpeoplewillexperiencedepressionintheirlifetime

D．primary-carephysiciansarenotqualifieddoctors

正确答案：B

解析：第2段第3句foundthat后的内容即为该项新研究的结论，文中说到

普通的家庭医生(generalpractitioner)经常犯错，结合上下文可知，这里具体是指

他们在判定抑郁症(identifydepression)上犯错，故B与原文相符，为正确答案。

49．Thowho“willdevelopthecondition”(Line3,Para.3)referto_______.

A．patientswhowillbemisdiagnodasdepression

B．patientswhowillsurvivedepression

C．patientswhowillsufferfromdepression

D．patientswhoreceivecorrectdiagno

正确答案：C

解析：第3段第1句提到在发达国家，约五分之一的人在一生中会有抑郁症

状(experiencedepression)。第2句句首的Thatmeansthat表示此处是具体说明，

说到在100人当中就有20人willdevelopthecondition，该比例为20%，正好与

上文的1in5一致，故这20人应该是experiencedepression，C与此相符，故为

答案。

50．Accordingtothepassage,depressioncanresultin_______.

A．worfamilyrelationship

B．refusalbythesociety

C．largemedicalexpen

D．rioussideeffects

正确答案：C

解析：第4段讲述了抑郁症对个人、家庭及社会的危害，从第2句的increas

inhealth-carespending以及第3句的costsalot可以判断出抑郁症医疗费用很高，

故C“昂贵的医药花费”正确。

51．Whydogeneralphysiciansoftenfailtorecognizedepression?

A．Thediagnosaremadetoohastily.

B．Generalphysiciansdon’ttreattheirpatientsriously.

C．Patientsarereluctanttotelltheirsymptoms.

D．Generalphysiciansarenotpatientenough.

正确答案：A

解析：由最后一段的关键词Why及Onereasonisthat．．．可知答案就是that

后的内容。该句指出原因在于看病时间较短，故A“太仓促地作出诊断”正确。

Fancyathree-dayweekend—notjustonceinawhilebutweekinweekout?

Youmaythinkyourbosswouldneveragreetoit,buttheevidencesuggeststhat

employers,r-dayweekcomes

ionistoswitchfromfive8-hourdaystofour10-hourdays,

rsago,thestateofUtah

movedallofitmployees,apartfromtheemergencyrvices,toworking4/10,asit

ewasthatbyshuttingdownbuildingsforanextraday

eachweek,lresultsofthis

experimentwon’tbepublisheduntilOctober,butanongoingsurveyof100buildings

veyalsofound

that70percentofemployeespreferthe4/10arrangement,andthatpeopletookfewer

ondformofthefour-dayweekistoworkthesamenumber

ofhoursperdayforfourdaysonly,erecession

hittingrevenues,accountancycompanyKPMGannouncedinFebruarythatitwas

offeringits11,000UKemployeestheoptionofafour-dayweektoavoidjobloss.

Sofar85percentofemployeeshaveappliedtojointhescheme,and800nowdoa

ryonewillliketheideaofworkinglongerdaysortakinga

paycutinexchangefora3-dayweekend,ingtoRex

FaceratBrighamYoungUniversityinProvo,Utah,itwasthecrashof1929thatled

thenextbigfinancialcrisisinthe1970s,therewasmuch

talkofmovingtoafour-dayweek,butforavarietyofreasonsthatdidn’tpanout.

“Thingsaredifferentnow,”saysFacer.“Iwouldn’tbesurpridifwecouldget50

percentormoreoftheworkforceworkingfour-dayweeksinthenextfewyears.”

52．Bycarryingoutthefour-dayweekexperiment,thestateofUtahaimsto

_______.

A．reduceenergyexpens

B．boostthecompanies’productivity

C．providelongerweekend

D．increaenergyefficiency

正确答案：A

解析：该段第3句说到犹他州在两年前试行4天工作制，最后一句通过信号

词Thehopewasthat说明该试验的目的：节省能源开支(energybillswouldbecut)。

A为该句的同义替换，reduce对应文中cut，而expens对应文中bills。

53．Anongoingsurveyshowsthat_______.

A．employersbenefitalotfromthefour-dayschedule

B．energyuhasdecreadby13%inUtah

C．mostemployeesapproveofthe4/10schedule

D．employeesworkmuchmoreefficiently

正确答案：C

解析：第3段第2句提到70％的员工更喜欢4天10小时工作制，C是该句

的同义改写，approveof“赞许”对应文中prefer，故C为正确答案。

54．Whatdowelearnaboutthecondformofthefour-dayweek?

A．ItwasfirstappliedintheaccountancycompanyKPMG.

B．ItwasadoptedbyKPMGinordernottolayoffworkers.

C．Itcameintoexistencewhenrecessionhitrevenues.

D．Itimbracedbymoreemployeescomparedwiththefirstform.

正确答案：B

解析：该段第2句提到KPMG向员工提供四天工作制的方案，以保住他们

的工作(avoidjobloss)，故可知，KMPG这样做的目的是为了避免裁员，故B

正确。

55．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.

A．themajorityofpeopledislikeapaycutfora3-dayweekend

B．the5-dayweekscheduleresultedfromthe1929economiccrisis

C．the4-dayweekschedulewaswidespreadinthe1970s

D．the4-dayweekschedulewasputforwardbyRexFacer

正确答案：B

解析：最后一段第2句提到1929的经济崩溃导致了5天工作制的产生，B

为正确答案。

56．WhatdoesFacerimplybysaying“Thingsaredifferentnow”(Line5,Para.

5)?

A．Thepossibilityofanotherfinancialcrisislike1970sisslim.

B．Thereisn’tmuchtalkofapplyingafour-dayweek.

C．Four-dayweekisverylikelytobecomepopular.

D．Thereisnoobstacleforthefour-dayweektobecarriedout.

正确答案：C

解析：该段第1句中的mostdo及最后一句的wouldn’tbesurpri．．．均表

明，与上世纪70年代的情况不同，现在实行4天工作制的可能性非常大，故C

为正确答案。

PartⅣTranslation

57．中国出境旅游人数逐年大幅增加。例如，在旅游热门目的地英国，

过去十年里中国游客人数增长了8倍。中国游客在英国的购物花销比世界上其他

任何国家的游客都要多。中国游客尤其喜欢奢侈品(luxurygoods)。这主要是因为，

中国国内税收高，在国内买奢侈品要比在国外买贵30％。由于这一原因，很多

发达国家都想尽办法吸引中国旅游者去观光购物。

正确答案：ThenumberofChinetouriststravellingabroadisincreasing

mple,intheUK,one,ofthepopulardestinations,

K,the

Chinetouristsspendmoreinshoppingthanvisitorsfromanywhereelinthe

mainlybecau

luxurygoodsinChinaare30%moreexpensivethanthoabroad,asaresultofhigh

sreason,manydevelopedcountriesaretryingtheirbesttoattractChine

touristsforsighteingandshopping.

解析：1．第1句中主语的中心语是“人数”，“中国出境旅游”是定语，主

语部分可用thenumberof．．．的形式表达，注意“……的数量从数”为单数形式，

故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。2．第2句的难点是倍数表达。“增长了8倍”

可译为hasgoneup8times，亦可表达为hasincread(by)8times。3．第3句为比

较句式，比较的双方是中国游客和其他国家游客在英国购物上的“花销”，此处

可将“花销”转译为句子的谓语spend(money)…，然后用中国游客作主语，将比

较的对象变为中国游客和其他国家的游客，这样句子结构更清晰，句意顺畅明了。

4．第4句“尤其喜欢”译作beespeciallyfondof，也可译成especiallylove。不

过前者比后者更能表达“热衷”的含义。5．第5句的难点在于理清句间的因果

关系。通过分析可知，“税收高”是“在国内买奢侈品要比在国外买贵”的原因。

这样一来，可确定句子主干：在国内买奢侈品要比在国外买贵30％，然后将“中

国国内税收高”以状语的形式呈现，译成asaresultofhightax。6．最后一句表

示正在发生的状况，要用现在进行时。