研究生英语听说教程

UINT1SECTIONC

Haveyouwishedyouwerebetteratmakingaconversation?Agreat

conversationalistissomeonewhoconnectswithpeopleandmakesthemfeelimportant.

Whentheytalktoyou,theymakeyoufeellikeyou'retheonlypersonintheroom.

Becomingagoodconversationalistrequiresknowingthreethings:first,howtostart

aconversation;cond,howtokeepitgoing;andthird,howtoendit.

Startingaconversationusuallymeanscomingupwithanopeninglineorice

tkindoficebreakerisonethat'imentisalwaysa

ventisagoodicebreaker.

Thefactis,anyopeninglinewilldo,aslongasit'snotnegative,andaslongasit'snota

twaytoenticeapersontohaveaconversationwithyouisbybeingsincere

andrespectful,andlettingthemknowthatyouareinterestedintalkingtothem.

Onceyou'vegotaconversationgoing,thebestwaytokeepitgoingisbyaskingthe

otherpersonquestionsthatdon'stionssimilar

tothoareportermightasktodrawapersonout;who,what,when,where,whyand

calledthe"elaborationtechnique".Onceyouhitonsomethingyoufindinteresting,keep

askingquestionsinordertogetthepersontoelaborateaboutthetopicasmuchas

onversationalistelaboratesontheexperiencesthey'dof

sayingthepartywasfun,bewhyyouhadagoodtime—who

wasthere,whathappened,whereitwas,

ptionisthebestformofcommunicationbecauitkeepspeople'sinterest

upandstimulatesthem.

Ifyoustartedaconversationwithanotherperson,andyou'rehavingdifficulty

endingit,thereareveralsignalsyoucanndtotheotherpersonthatwillbringthe

conversationtoitsclowithouthurtinganyone'sfeelings.

Breakingeyecontactisadiscreetsignalthattheconversationisabouttoend.

Anotherwaytosignalistoutransitionwordslikewell,want

eryoudo,don''renot

interestedintalkingtothemagain,don'tmentionthepossibilityofafuturemeetingjust

'd,youmaywanttosay,"Nicemeetingyou."And

then,leave.

Finally,besuretogivetheotherpersonagood,al

impressionyoumakecanbejustasimportantastheinitialoneyoumade.

UINT3SECTIONB

FirstStory

ournioryear,

day,

first,Ididn''ghtIputonanewdressand

oknockonthedoorwithoutknowingifIwouldbeready

nocked,andIwasready!ar,wecelebratedourfortieth

weddinganniversary'

SecondStory

ckingupmyfriend

ewerewaitingfor

hisluggage,edtosaysomethingtohimbecauIspeakItalian.

Isaid,"BuonNatale"whichmeans,"MerryChristmas!"WhenIspokeinItalian,hesaid,"Mamamia!

WhydoyouspeakItalian?Whoareyou?"edmethenext

day,refulwhoyoutalktointheairport!

ThirdStory

wegotmarried,

ght,we

edourhopesand

while,wedecidedthatourparentswereright!Andwegotmarried.

FourthStory

Mywifeand1metthroughamatchmaker.I'manengineer,andinmyfield,mostpeoplearemen.I

couldn'ayIsawanadvertimentforamatchmakingrvice,andI

edmeetingthem,butI

didn'y,ednottodateany

yedthesamethings,andwelaughedalottogether.

andIweremarriedsixyearsago,andnowwe

havetwochildren.I'mgladIpickedupthephoneandcalledthatmatchmaker!

UINT3SECTIONC

AmongmarriedcouplesintheU.S.,dercouples

stillhavetraditionalmarriages,t

en'sliberationmovement,

whichsweptthecountryinthe1960s,'syoungAmerican

womanwantsmarriage,tswhatmenhavealwayshad—a

morityofAmerican

wives,eventhowithchildren,workoutsidethehome-Asaresult,theolderideathathouwork,

cooking,andchildcareare"women'swork"ontemporaryAmericanmarriage,

thehusbandandwifesharebothfinancialanddomesticresponsibilities.

Sharingmoney-makin

cour,problemscandevelopinthetwo-incomefamilyifthehusbandexpectshisworkingwifetobethe

perfecthomemakerthathisstay-at-homemotherwas-Also,theremaybeargumentsifthewifeexpects

herhusbandtohelpwithhouholdchores,families,theworking

wifeprobablystillhandlesthelargestshareofthehouwork,cooking,getssome

helpfromherhusband.

ThecontemporaryAmericanmarriageisalsocharacterizedbyarelationshipofequalityandshared

ericanwomentodaywillnottolerateahusbandwhoconsidershimlfthe

ricangirlisgivenfreedomandeducationequaltoaboy'ompletinghereducation,

sbandandwifeareableto

sharedecisionmakingandrespecteachother'sviewpoints,theirmarriageisprobablyclorthantho

eybattlefordominance,they'relikelytoendupindivorcecourt.

UINT4SECTIONB

“Ringouttheold,ringinthenew,”wroteAlfred,LordTennyson,thenineteenth-centuryEnglish

t'r'sEveisatimefornoiand

fun-Athomeorinrestaurants,mostAmericansdrinkanddinewithfriends-AtmidnightonNewYear's

Eve,bellsring,hornsblow,'salsocustomarytoexchange

r'sEvefestivitiesoftencontinueuntiltwoorthreeo'ople

travelfromonepartytoanothertocelebratewithveraldifferentgroupsoffriends

Thecountry'smostcrowdedNewYear'sEvecelebrationtakesplaceinNewYorkCity'sTimes

1907,bratethe

arrivaloftheyear2000,anestimated2millionpeoplecrowdedintoTimesSquare,andhundredsof

millionviewedthesceneonTVThehuge,1,070-poundlightedcrystalballbeganitsdescentfroma

77-footflagpoleat11:aneously,confetti,

balloons,hebiggestpubliceventeverheldinthecity.

WhatdoAmericansdoonNewYear'sDay?Manysleeplatebecautheystayedupallnightlong.

ManywatchTVwhichoffersspectacularparadesandfootballgamesbetweenchampioncollegeteams.

r'scustomshavebeenconnectedwithsayinggood-byetothe

ore,NewYear'sDayofteninspirespeopletostartnew

oplemakeNewYear'talkabout"turning

overanewleaf",referringtoaclean,lNewYear'sresolutionsareto

spendlessmoney,giveupsmoking,beginadiet,'ssafetoassumethatabouthalf

ofthemareforgottenbyJanuary31'

UINT4SECTIONC

assittinginherlivingroom,ly,there

wasaloudknockonherdoor,utthesafetychainonher

toodthreechildrenwearingmasksand

eysawher,theyallshouted,"Trickortreat!Moneyoreats!"

Mrs,Browndroppedacandybarintoeachchild'sbag.

"Thanksforthecandy,"shoutedthechildrenastheyranofftoringanotherdoorbell-

"You'rewelcome,"."Havefun,anddon'tplayanypranks."

anchildren

ultrefustosupplyatreat—candy,cookies,

fruit,ormoney—lHalloweenpranksaresoapingwindows,writing

ondoorswithcrayons,overturninggarbagecans,stickingpinsintodoorbellstokeepthemringing,

throwingraweggs,andsprayingshavingcreamoncarsandfriends.

HalloweeniscelebratedbynearlyallAmericanchildren,andover70%ofadultsalsoparticipatein

estudentsandotheryoungadultsmayattendmasqueradepartiesor

miliescarvepumpkinsanddecoratetheoutsideoftheirhomeswiththe

ssgetintotheact,indowsdisplayjack-o'-lanterns,

scarecrows,sinrestaurantsandsalespeopleinsupermarketsandbookstoresareoften

ghtclubsandbarncouragecustomerstocomeincostumebyofferingprizesforthe

bestdisguis

UINT4PART3

1.W:SomepeoplesaythatmanyTVprogramsaresilly,meaningless,you

thinkofthem,Jim?

M:Itemstomethatsomeimportantsocialissues—likedrugs,divorceandsoon—aredealt

withfairlyrealisticallyandalotofhonesttalkscanbeheardintheprograms.

Q:WhatdoesthemanthinkoftheTVprograms?

2.W:Howwasthelectureyesterday?

M:Well...Itwasacompletedrag.

W:Howcome?ManystudentsemtobeinterestedinJohnson'slecture.

M:dmetotears.

Q:Howdoesthemanthinkaboutthelectureyesterday?

3.W:Frank,whatdoyouthinkaboutyourcollegelife?

M:Generallyspeaking,mycollegeyearsareexcitingandrewarding,buttheyarecertainlynoteasyor

outallcollegestudentsfacethepressureofmakingimportantcareerdecisionsand

someanxietyaboutexaminationsandgrades.

Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkabouthiscollegelife?

4.W:Wow!Thisisamarvelousroom!Whoideawasittodecoratetheroomlikethis?

M:ItwasJane's.

W:tbeveryart-conscious.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkaboutJanenow?

5.W:I'vebeenreadingalotlatelyabouttheissueofwomen'srights,andIfindthatisaveryhottopic

now.

M:'sawomen'smagazine,justaboutevery

articlehasthatasatopicinonewayoranother.

Q:Whatistheman'srespontothewoman'ssaying?

6.M:Ann,it'ememberwhenwewerekids,weudtogoswimming

together?

W:ylovethistownandIhavealotofgoodmemoriesfromhere.

M:Iwanttotellyouthatwetakealotofprideinthegoldmedalyouwonandwearebehindyouone

hundredpercent.

Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?

7.W:Howareyoudoingsinceyouretiredfourmonthsago?

M;ookedforwardtothisdayforthirtyyears,but

nowI'mconsideringvolunteering.

Q:Whatdoesthemanfeelabouthisretireddays?

8.W:Well,itemsthatFrankhasbecomequiteafamouspainter.

M:Hashe?YouknowI'maprofessionalartistmylfandIquestionhowmuchtalentFrankhas.

Q:Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheman'scomments?

UINT14SECTIONA

1、

Miyoko:Hi,Wendy!

Wendy:Hello.

Miyoko:What'swrong?Areyousick?

Wendy:reallybadheadache.

Miyoko:Oh.I'msorry-Youwantsomeaspirin?

Wendy:Nothanks.I'mjustgonnagotobedandrest.

2、

Lisa:'sup?

Leslie:outyou?

Lisa:Nuthin',areyouokay?

Leslie:I'mJustreallysorefromgoingtotheclimbinggymyesterday.

Lisa:Me,too'issore,and1haveastiffneck.

Leslie:Nexttime,we'dbetterstretchafterweexerci!

Lisa:Yes!Goodidea.

3、

ProfessorChavez:Hi,you?

Tony:Notsogood,I'mcomingdownwithabadcold.

ProfessorChavez:Really?What'swrong?

Tony:Well,Ihaveastuffynoandacough.

ProfessorChavez:Doyouhaveafever?Youlookalittlewarm.

Tony:indahot.

ProfessorChavez:Tony,youshouldgohomeandgotobed-Youmighthavethefluthat's

beengoingaround.

Tony:undslikeagoodidea.

ProfessorChavez:oufeel

bettersoon!

4、

Stephanie:Hello?

Mom:Stephanie,it'sMom.

Stephanie:Hi,Mom.

Mom:youwerefeeling.

Stephanie:Thanks,ly,Istillhaveafever.

Mom:Didyoutakesomemedicine?

Stephanie:'shelping.

Mom:Whataboutyourstomach?Isitstillbotheringyou?

Stephanie:Yeah-1stillfeelsicktomystomach.

Mom;Ohhoney,I'eanythingIcando?

Stephanie:Nothanks,etterjusttalkingtoyou.

5、

Brian:Erica,Ifoundthatreportwewerelookingfor.

Erica:Great!Let':Achoooo!

Erica:Oh,Brian,areyoustillnotfeelingwell?

Brian:rningIfeltbetter,butnowmyheadhurts.

Erica:Areyougettingenoughsleep?

Brian:1sleptalotlastnight,butIstillfeeltired.

Erica:Listen,

'tyougohomeandrest?Wecanfinishthis

'snohurry.

Brian:Thanks,justdothat.

6、

Doug;Jenny,waitup!

Jenny:Doug!I'mgladtoeyou.1wantedtotellyouhowmuchfunIhadlastweekend.

Doug:unately,

MaryandIarebothscratchinglikecrazy.

Jenny;oak?

Doug:I'havearashonourlegs.

Jenny:Oh,':reallyitchy.

Jenny:uchanicedaytogether'

Doug:goodtime,mewe'llbemorecareful

UINT14SECTIONB

1、Doctor:Hello,MicheUe.I'.

MicheUe:Hi.

Doctor:Howareyoufeelingtoday?

Michelle:Notsogood.

Doctor:Well,whatemstobetheproblem?

Michelle;Ihaveabadcold.

Doctor:ghaveyouhadit?

Michelle:Aboutthreeweeks-EverytimeIthinkit'sgoingaway,Igetsickagain.

Doctor:OK,Michelle.I'mgoingtoexamineyounow.

2、Doctor:Michelle,wedidn''ansthatyouonlyhavea

ansthatyoudon'owthatyou

don'oaskyousomequestions,allright?

MicheUe:OK.

Doctor:Hasschoolbeenverydifficultlately?

Michelle:Well...notreally.I'vebeendrinkingalotofcoffeetostayuplatetostudy.

Doctor:Whataboutexerci?Haveyoubeenabletogetanyexerciduringmidterm

exam?

Michelle:No.I'vebeenstudyingsomuchIhaven'thadtime.

Doctor:Well,dstomeasthoughyou'vebeenstudyingsomuchthatyou

haven'u'resick,youneedtopay

attentiontoyourbody.I'ollowmyadvice,you'll

?

Michelle;OK.

Doctor:Well,first,dtogetatleastvenoreighthoursofsleep

notstudywellifyoudon'tgetenoughsleep–

Michelle:Iknow.

Doctor:Next,dycannotworkwellifyoudon'tgiveitgoodfood.

ityourcoffeetotwocupsaday.

Michelle:OK.

Doctor:Finally,

doesn'gisanexcellentexerciandiasyto

le:Allright.

Doctor:Anyquestions?

Michelle:SoyouthinkIshouldsleepmore,eatbetter,hothings,I'll

feelbetter?

Doctor:Andyouwon'tgetsickasoften,Michelle.

Michelle:.

Doctor:You'reverywelcome,re.

UINT14SECTIONC

ypeopledon'

announcementyouwillhearthefivemostcommonreasonswhypeopledon'l

alsohearsomeeasysolutions.

Thefirstproblem?Notime."Idon'thaveanytimetoexerci.I'mtoobusy."Butyoudon't

eriodsofexerciarejustasgoodaslongperiodsof

ution?mple,ten

minutesinthemorning,tenminutesatlunch,andtenminutesafterdinner.

Next,money."Idon'thavemoneytogotoagym.1don'thavemoneytobuyexpensive

shoes."'needisastreetand

ution?'tance,walktothestore,tothe

library,gisfreeandeasy.

Thethirdmostcommonreasonisbadweather."It'''ssnowing."Here's

mple,

gototheshoppingmallandwalkfast.

Fourth,peoplesaythey'retired."I'mtootiredtoexerci.I'llexerciwhenIhavemore

energy."oplefeeltootiredbecautheydon'texerci.

Thesolution?'ll

feelgreat!Andyouwon'tfeeltired.

Finally,somepeoplefeelembarrasd."'thaveagreatbody."

Listentothissolution:Don'tfeelbad;youshouldfeelgreat!You'retakingcareofyourbody.

Littlebylittle,it!

Youhaveheardthefivereasonswhypeopledon'portantly,youhave

tyouhaveheardthismessage,goout

andexerci!Goodluck.