英语从句讲解
Simplentence
Compoundntence
Complexntence
从句:名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同
位语从句)
形容词性从句(定语从句)
副词性从句(状语从句)
英语中六大从句用法总结
在句子中起名词作用的各种从句,统称为名词性从句
1.主语从句subjectiveclau
一般由what,who,which,why,how,when,which,
whether…or…等引导,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用
it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有:
Itislf-evidentthat…很明显的是
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…不用说
Itisasrtedthat...有人主张……
Itisbelievedthat...据信……
Itisgenerallyconsideredthat...人们普遍认为……
Itishopedthat...人们希望……
Itisreportedthat...据报道……
Itissaidthat...据说……
Itissuppodthat...据推测...
英语从句讲解
Itiswell-knownthat...众所周知……
Itmustbeadmittedthat...必须承认……
Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否认……
Itmustbepointedoutthat...需指出的是……
Itwastoldthat...据传……
Itwillbesaidthat...有人会说……
Itfollowsthat…由此可见
Itisinappropriatethat………是不合适的
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形
式主语。
Whatwelackixperience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意
义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscusd
again.
IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.
2.宾语从句objectiveclau
1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词
that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in
that(因为),exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是)已构成固定搭
配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*IpromidthatIwouldchangethesituation.
英语从句讲解
*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeople
wouldsayaboutfriendship.
*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgood
forchildren.
*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.
Compliment
2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语
从句移至宾补之后。
Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.
3)在think,believe,suppo,expect等动词后的宾语从句
中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾
语从句则变成肯定形式。
Hedidn'tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.
2.表语从句Predictiveclau
Linkingverb
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。
表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引
导外,还可由becau,asif(though)等引导。that常可省略。
如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用
becau.
Perhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthere
isnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.
英语从句讲解
Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthatthere
werenotenoughfoodsupplies.
Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalcultural
communicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.
4.同位语从句appositionalclau
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连
词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,
who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名
词有
fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestio
n,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位
语从句位于谓语之后。
Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhe
fashionshow.
IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.
Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.
5.定语从句attributiveclau
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个
句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副
词引导。
*限制性定语从句
英语从句讲解
限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先
行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从
句的关系代词有who,whom,who,which,that等。who,
whom,who用于指人,who有时也可指物,相当于of
which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于
限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行
词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetare
ownedbypeopleandorganizations.
Thowholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroublein
gettingclotootherpeople.
Thegirlwhoparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithher
grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing
等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,
no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引
导从句。
ThatisallthatI'veheardfromhim.
He'sthefirstpersonthatI'mgoingtointerviewthis
afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
英语从句讲解
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词,
作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,
并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾
语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。
Thisisoneofthothingswithwhichwehavetoputup.
Thisisoneofthothings(whichthat)wehavetoputup
with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副
词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,
thestoriesarefullyexpresdthroughthedrawings.
Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangry
thatday.
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起
补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思
不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可
省略。
Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlike
magnetism.
*“介词+whichwhomwho”引导的定语从句
英语从句讲解
“介词+whichwhomwho”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引
导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语
动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配。
Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.
Thegirltowhomyouspeakismysister.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的
结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语
从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
Thearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as
代替先行词problems)
Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcan
controlwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句adverbialclau
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,
once等。
Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.
2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely)...when,nosooner...than,
each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。
英语从句讲解
AssoonasIntane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositive
respons.
Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:becau,as,since,
now(that),eingthat,consideringthat,Inthat等。
Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoing
well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so...that,such...that
,sothat,that,so等。
MickeyMouissoattractivethatthechildrenare
reluctanttoleave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:sothat,inorderthat,forfear
that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等
情态动词。
Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthe
firstbustotherailwaystation.
*条件和让步状语从句
英语从句讲解
1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so)long
as,onconditionthat,inca,provided(providing)that,
supposing等。
Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanua
telephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,
whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,
how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。
though,evenif等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装
结构,具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词)
+as+主语+谓语”。
Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.
Youngasheis,heisquiteexperiencedinthis
work.(=thoughheisyoung)
Childasheis,hecanspeakEnglishfluently.(=thoughheis
achild)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,justas,asif,asthough等。
asif,asthough引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,
表示与事实相反。
Theyoungmanmadetheexperimentjustastheteacher
hadtaughthim.
英语从句讲解
Everythingwentonasusualasifnothinghadhappened.
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