直接引语变间接引语

直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况

1、陈述句变成间接引语

（1）“Iamateacher"shesaid.?

Shesaidthatshewasateacher.?

“Youdon'ttellhermytelephonenumber"hesaid.?

Hesaid(that)Ididn'ttellherhistelephonenumber.?

要注意时态的变化?

一般现在时变成一般过去时。?

一般过去时变成过去完成时，?

现在完成时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去

将来时，?

this变成thatthe变成tho,here变成there,today

变成thatday,yesterday变成thedaybefore,tomorrow

变成nextday,thedayaftertomorrow变成intwodays'

time，now变成then等等。?

2、将一般疑问句变成间接引语?

在这样的句子中要加“if"“是否”的意思。?

（1)"Areyouastudent?"?

SheaskedmeifIwasastudent.她问我是否是一位学

生。?

将原来的疑问句放在if后面,但语顺变成肯定式的

语顺。另外还可以用whether来表示。?

SheaskedmewhetherIwasastudent.?

(2)"Didyoufinishyourworkyesterday?"?

HeaskedmeifIhavefinishedmyworktheday

before.?

3.将特殊疑问句变成间接引语?

"Whattimeisit?"?

Heaskedmewhattimeitwas.?

"Whenwillyougototown?"?

HeaskedmewhenwouldIgototown.?

在这样的句子里除疑问词放在间接引语的前面外，

后面也是陈述句的语序。?

注意，间接引语中的that可以省略。?

一、如何变人称：?

下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更

新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从

句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中

的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：?

Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaid

herbrotherwantedtogowithher.?

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的

主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句

中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外

的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：?

HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?"→Heasked

Katehowhersisterwasthen。?

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如

果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修

饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：?

aid。"Jackisagoodworker。"→

saidJackwasagoodworker。?

二、如何变时态：?

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调

整。?

现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；

过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：?

1)Shesaid."Ihavelostapen."→Shesaidshehadlost

apen?

2)Shesaid."Wehopeso."→Shesaidtheyhopedso.?

3)Shesaid."Hewillgotoehisfriend。"→Shesaid

hewouldgotoehisfriend。?

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接

引语时，时态一般不变化。?

①直接引语是客观真理。?

"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmoves

aroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertold

metheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmoves

aroundtheearth。?

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：?

Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImet

youinthestreet?"→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoing

whenhemethiminthestreet.

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状

语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：?

XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l,1980。"

→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。?

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现

或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：?

Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"→Hesaidhe

getsupatsixeverymorning。?

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式

（例：oughtto，hadbetter,udto)和已经是过去时的

形式时，（例：could,should,would,might）不再变。如：?

Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday。"→Peter

saidIhadbettergotherethatday。?

三、如何变状语：?

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时

间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,

yesterday。变为thedaybefore）地点状语，尤其表示

方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”

（例：this改为that),如：?

Hesaid,"Thebooksaremine."→Hesaidtho

bookswerehis.?

四、如何变句型：?

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that

引导的宾语从句。如：Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarrivein

fiveminutes."→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarrivein

fiveminutes.?

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般

疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语

从句.如：Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"→Heasked

Johnifhecouldswim.?

"Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven‘tyou?"my

motherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhad

finishedthehomework.?

"Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"→Heasked

meifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.?

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由

疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须

用陈述句语序）。?

Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"→

Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.?

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask,

order,beg等)sb(not)todosth."句型。如：?

"Don’tmakeanynoi,"shesaidtothechildren.

→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoi.

"Bringmeacupoftea,plea,"saidshe.→Sheasked

himtobringheracupoftea.?

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间

接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）。”如：?

Hesaid,"Let’sgotothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoing

tothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoethe

film.?

引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家

的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的

话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：?

Johnsaid,"I’mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."?

约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引

语）?

JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.?

约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引

语）?

由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：?

1．直接引语是陈述句时?

间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以

省略），主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,

think等。?

Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI."-’Hesaid(that)I

wasyoungerthanhim.?

2.直接引语是疑问句时?

间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,

或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,

bepuzzled等。?

（1）一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if(whether)引

导的宾语从句。?

Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoread

newspapers?"?

→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwentthereto

readnewspapers.?

Sheaskedme,"Youhaveenthefilm,haven’t

you?"?

→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadenthefilm.?

（2）选择疑问句变为whether….or宾语从句。?

Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilm

tonight?"?

→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgoto

afilmthatnight.?

(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从

句。?

Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"?

→HeaskedmewhereIlived.?

3.直接引语是祈使句时?

间接引语为不定式，作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,

advi等动词的宾语补足语（don’t变为not）.?

Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."→The

teachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.?

Hisfathersaidtohim,"Don’tleavethedoor

open."→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.?

[注意]?

（1）有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，

可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述。例如：?

Hesaid,"Let’sgotothetheatre."?

→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或He

suggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.?

(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.?

→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.?

"Whydon’tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked.?

→headvidmetotakeawalkaftersupper.?

"Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked.?

→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.?

4.直接引语是感叹句时?

间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引

导。?

Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"?

→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatit

wasalovelyday.?

5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来

时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。

如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态

按下列变化：?

（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时?

（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时?

（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时?

（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时?

（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时?

（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时?

[注意]?

（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接

引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：?

Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."?

→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.?

（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，

变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：?

Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."?

→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.?

(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，

变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：?

Hesaid,"I’maboy,notagirl."?

→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.?

(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或

习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般

过去时。如：?

Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."?

→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.?

(5)如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表

示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变

主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：?

Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecame

here."?

→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecame

here.?

(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词must,need,had

better以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,

would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改

变。例如：?

Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattention

toyourpronunciation."?

→TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymore

attentiontomypronunciation.?

Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."?

→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.?

6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。?

指示代词this—that?

the—tho?

表示时间的词now—then?

today—thatday?

thisweek(month,etc)—thatweek(month,etc)?

yesterday—thedaybefore?

lastweek(month)—theweek(month)before?

threedays(ayear)ago—threedays(ayear)before?

tomorrow—thenext(following)day?

nextweek(month)—thenext(following)week

(month)?

表地点的词here—there?

动词bring—take?

come—go