主谓一致

——仅供参考

英语主谓一致

一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一

致，就近一致。

一、语法上一致

1不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。

galoudisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.

Tonodone’eysaidistrue.

2and连接主语时，注意以下几点：

1）由and,both…and连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同

一概念时谓语用单数。

Bothbreadandbutterwerervedforbreakfastinthishotel.

Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.

2)凡是由each…andeach…,every…andevery…,no…andno…,manya…andmanya…连接名词作主语时谓语用单

数。

Eachmanandeachwomanhasachancetoberaidinourcompany.

Noboyandnogirldoesn’tgotoschoolattheageofveninthisvillage.

3)由and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。

Goodandbadmeatinthemarketaresoldout.

4)不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。

BeerfromtheUSAandGermanyismuchbetterthatfromBritain.

5)凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a或物主代

词)则谓语用单数。

Theprofessorandthewriterhavepublishedafewnewbooksonradio.

Thetenthandlastchapteriswrittenbyayoungman.

6)由and连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。

Theteacher,andperhapshisstudentstoo,islikelytobeprent.

7)What从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。

ayanddoismyownaffair.

8)由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。

Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.(MET1991)

AisnotdecidedBarenotdecidedChasnotdecidedDhavenotdecided

3主语+介词（短语）：with,except,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,over,besides,togetherwith,like,

including,inadditionto等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。

ThemanwithhsdaughtersandsonsiswatchingTV.

Thegirlsaswellastheteacheraredancing.

考例：1）E-mail,aswellastelephones,______animportantroleinourdailylife(1999上海)

AplayingBplayCplaysDhaveplayed

2)Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_______tothenationasagift.(MET1990)

AisofferedBhasofferedCareofferedDhaveoffered

4不定代词either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anything,nothing,

something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。

Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.

Eitheroftheshirtsfitsmeverywell.

Noneofthefarmershas(have)beenabroad.

5manya(an)+名词和morethanone+名词做主语时谓语用单数。

——仅供参考

anonestamphasbeencollectedbyher.

6在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。

Threeandfouris(are)estenis(are)twenty.

7当kindof,pairof,typeof等做主语时，谓语与of前的kind,pair,type等保持一致。如：

doftheappletastesdelicious.

8当alotof,lotsof,plentyof等短语作主语时，谓语与of后的保持一致。

meathasbeensoldout.

考例：

Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_______ofdert______coveredtheland.(2001上海)

Anumber,hasBquantity,hasCnumber,haveDquantity,have

9当分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。

Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.

70percentofpeoplehaveknownaboutthetruth.

考例：_______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.(2000上海)

ATwofifth,isBTwofifth,areCTwofifth,isDTwofifths,are

10在oneof+复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是oneof结构，

定语从句用复数，若是the(only)oneof结构，定语从句用单数。

liistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspasdtheexam.

考例：

Heistheonlyofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(2002上海)

AisBareChavebeenDhasbeen

11“anumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，”thenumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。

Thenumberofbooksisnomorethan100,butanumberofthemisoflittleu.

考例：

thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______abntfordifferentreasons.(NMET1996)

Awere,wasBwas,wasCwas,were,Dwere,were

二、意义上一致

1当表示时间，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时谓语用单数。

Tenyearsisquitealongtime.

2当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。

Therichliveahappylife,whilethepoorliveahardlife.

Thewoundedisourcaptain.

3当maths(mathematics),politics,physics等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数，但前有物主代词修饰指某人的某方面

时，谓语用复数。

sicsarepoor.

4用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。

tedStatesisadevelopedcountry.

5如果名词词组的中心词是all,most,half,rest,part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。

（单独all作主语，指人用复数，指物用单数）。

heclassmateshavepasdtheexamination.

6当集合名词family,class,army,group,team,enemy,government,public,couple等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，

谓语用单数，如果看作其中的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。

ilyhasjustmovedtoBeijing.

7有的名词如police,cattle,people,clothes,trours等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是

单数、复数相同，如sheep,deer,aircraft,mean,fish,works,species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单

复数形式。

——仅供参考

Shortlyaftertheaccident,thepolicewerenttokeeporder.

考例：Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear(2000上海)。

AisudBareudChasbeenudDhavebeenud

三、就近一致

1连词or,either…or,not…but,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,whether…or等连词并列作主语时，谓语与它最靠近的

主语一致。

yhebutalsohisfriendshavebeentoNewYork.

考例：

Eitheryouortheheadmaster______theprizestothegiftedstudentsatthemeeting(1994上海)

AishandingoutBaretohandoutCarehandingoutDistohandout

2在therebe结构中，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的，即每一个主语一致。如：

rethreechairsandadeskintheroom.

Addition:表达祝愿的句型。

1)I/We/Letus+wishsb.+sth.

ishyoutheverybestof

luck.

2)主语（IWeLetus）+wish+sb.+todosth.

ishyoutowinstillgreatervictoriesinthescientificrearch.

3)主语(IWe)hope+宾语从句

Ihopeallisgoingwellwithyourfamily.

4)May+主语+动词原形+其它

happinessattendyou.

5)主语（I/We/letme）+nd/offer+宾语+for

Letmeoffermyheartygoodwishedforyoursuccess.

6)名词＋tosb.

Successtoyouall!Agoodjourneytoyou!Goodlucktoeveryone!

gstoriesandarticles_______whatI’mfondof.

AisBwereCareDhavebeen

youorI________goingtoattendthemeeting.

AisBareCamDwill

3.---Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,______togotouniversity.

----SodoI.

gerandcompor______comingnextMonday.

AisBareCwereDwas

ng________toberudetotheoldinsomeareasnowadays

AemBemsCemingDemed

oneofthestudentswho_______skating.

AlikesBlikeClikedDliking

akingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither______anyendtotheirinfluenceonman`slives.

re

’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,_______?

’titB,’

nlywiththehelpofthelocalguide_________.

emountainclimberwasrescued

emountainclimberwasrescued

——仅供参考

lwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______thatI’mtalkingto.

om

ypercentofthestudentshere______fromthecountryside.

e

—fourthsofthehomework______today.

enfinished

_____intheschool______beenrepaired.

rdofthedesks;rddesks;rdofthedesks;have

rdofdesks;have

40_____ofthepopulationofthatcountry______onfarms.

t;t;ts;ts;lives

an60percentofworld’sradioprogrammes______inEnglish.

alnumberofthepopulationinChina_______about100milliononApril14,1989.

numberofthestudentsinourclass_______girls.

berofstudentsofthisschool______large.

leclass______theteacherattentively.

ening

nepeople______hard—workingandbrave.

ng

ice_______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.

arching

ho______in_____compositions,pleahandtheminthisafternoon.

’thanded;’thanded;ded;nded;his

oneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho______bytheirteacher.

ng

eonlyoneofthestudentswho______elected.

jectofphysics_______alwaysinterestedhim.

______plentyofraininthesummer.

AisBareChasDhave

tedStatesofAmerica_______oneofthemostlargestcountriesintheworld.

mpicGames________heldevery_______years.

;;;;five

______toherchildren’sfaults______quiteextraordinary.

;;ess;ess;are

_______rubbish,thereareflies.

as

sofvictories_______spendingfarandwide.

dealofenergy______thisway.

——仅供参考

erforbooksandnewspapers_______madeofwood.

inbigcities______verydirty.

enmade

toftheapplesinourclass_______withinhalfanhour.

ldout

36.“All______prentandall______goingonwell.”ourmonitorsaid.

;;;;are

h______notalwayshappy.

38.______canbedone______beendone.

;t;;t;has

an_______cometohelpus.

usaidjustnow_______thematterwearediscussing.

nsomethingtowith

wellashersisters________ChineinChina.

utherparents_______it.

wing

,togetherwiththetwoboys,______forhavingbrokentherule.

unished

nehere,includingchildrenandoldpeople,______inforsports.

45.I,who______yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.

ho______wrong.

andnobeast______inthelonelyisland.

eans______preventthewaterfrom_______.

dto;dto;to;to;beingpolluted

ymybrotherbutalsoI______goodatpaintingbothofus_____goodatpainting.

;;;;is

yourparentsoryourelderbrother______toattendthemeetingtomorrow.

rmyfathernorI______athome.

oyandeverygirl______toattendtheeveningparty.

erwetclothes______nearfire.

enhungup

ofthiskind________.

ell

ours______dirty,youmusthave______washed.

——仅供参考

;;;;them

guecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.

stwobrothers,buteither_______outofworknow.

ultsoftheexam______thatyouhaveallmadegreat_______.

;;;;progress

59.______agoodenoughpriceforthisbook.

nsisD,Twoyuanis

oplesay10,000_______alotofmoney.

are

need______goodtextbooks.

sorWu,withthreelecturers,________attendingasymposium(专题研讨会)inShanghaionenergynow.

AisBareCwasDwere

ahalfhours_______pasd.

AhasBareCisDhave

tudent________goingtotakepartintheexamnextmonth.

AisBistoCareDwas

tters________notwinningbutparticipating.

AareBtobeCwasDis

ossiblemeans________udtosavethepanda.

AhasbeenBhavebeenCareDhas

theonlyoneofthestudentswho________toFrance.

AhasbeenBhavebeenChadbeenDgoes

s_______verydifficulttolearn.

AisnotBarenotCwerenotDwasn’t

berofthebooks______500,butanumberofthem_____oflittle＆#118alue.

Ais,areBare,areCis,isDare,is

butSanandAnn________inthelab.

AareBhadbeenCwereDis