2013年四级

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybadon

uldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountofthe

impactoftheInternetonlearningandthenexplainwhyeducation

doesn’uldwriteat

least120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

ndofeachconversation,oneormorequestions

econversationandthe

achquestiontherewillbea

thepau,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),

C)andD),rkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

1.A)Thewomanisnowworkinginakindergarten.

B)Themanwillsoonstartabusinessofhisown.

C)Themanwouldliketobeahighschoolteacher.

D)Thewomanisgoingtomajorinchildeducation.

2.A)Thefurniturehastoberearranged.

B)Thesoundequipmenthastobetup.

C)Theconferenceroomhastobecleaned.

D)Thevideomachinehastobechecked.

3.A)Sheixhausted.

B)Sheisnear-sighted.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

C)Shecannotfinishworkintime.

D)Shecannotgostraighthome.

4.A)Thewomanistooparticularaboutfood.

B)Hewouldratherhaveamealanhourlater.

C)Thewomanshouldorderherfoodquickly.

D)Heusuallyprefersice-creamtosandwiches.

5.A)Heisnotagoodmechanic.

B)Hedoesn’tkeephispromis.

C)Hespendshissparetimedoingrepairs.

D)Heisalwaysreadytoofferhelptoothers.

6.A)Samhasabigfamilytosupport.

B)Samisnotinterestedintraveling.

C)Thepayofferbythetravelagencyistoolow.

D)Theworkhoursinthetravelagencyaretoolong.

7.A)Internationaltrade.

B)Productdevelopment.

C)Financialconsulting.

D)Domesticretailing.

8.A)Goonabusinesstrip.

B)LookforajobinMiami.

C)Makeaticketrervation.

D)Takeavacation.

Questions9to11arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A)ItislocatedonRoute18.

B)Ithasaninterestingmuum.

C)Itisabeautifullittletown.

D)ItliesvenmileastofNewton.

10.A)Theyareinoppositedirections.

B)Theyarefifty-fivemilesapart.

C)Theyarequiteclotoeachother.

D)TheyarealongdrivefromNorwalk.

11.A)TheyareconnectedbyRoute7.

B)Theyarecrowdedwithtourists.

C)Theyhavelotsofoldhous.

D)Theyhavemanyrareplants.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

Questions12to15arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)BringhimuptodateonthecurrentsituationinMilan.

B)InformhimofthearrangementsforhistripinItaly.

C)r.

D)rtotheLinateairport.

13.A)About8:30.

B)About6:30.

C)About5:30.

D)About4:15.

14.A)rfromMilan.

B)GianniRivaatMegastar.

C)Thecompany’ssalesreprentative.

D)GavinfromtheChamberofCommerce.

15.A)Travelagent.

B)Businessmanager.

C)Secretary.

D)Saleswoman.

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,ndofeachpassage,

epassageandthequestionswillbe

ouhearaquestion,youmustchoothebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

PassageOne

Questions16to19arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Shehadadesiretohelpothers.

B)Shewantedtofindoutmoreaboutit.

C)Sheneededsomeoveraxperience.

D)Shewasinterestedinfarming.

17.A)Carryoutaculturalexchangeprogram.

B)Workonanagriculturalproject.

C)LearnPortugue.

D)TeachEnglish.

18.A)Shefounditdifficulttocureajobinherowncountry.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

B)ShewantedtorenewhercontactwiththePeaceCorps.

C)ShewasinvitedtoworkasanEnglishteacher.

D)Shecouldnotgetthecountryoutofhermind.

19.A)ByteachingadditionalEnglishclass.

B)BywritingstoriesforAmericannewspapers.

C)ByworkingparttimeforthePeaceCorps.

D)Bydoingoddjobsforlocalinstitutions.

PassageTwo

Questions20to22arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

20.A)Timespentexercising.

B)Timespentworking.

C)Timespentonleisureactivities.

D)Timespentwithfriendsandfamily.

21.A)Reading.

B)SurfingtheWeb.

C)Eatingout.

D)WatchingTV.

22.A)Driving.

B)Gardening.

C)Goingtothepub.

D)Visitingfriends.

PassageThree

Questions23to25arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Thecardriverwastryingtoavoidhittingarabbit.

B)Thecardriverwaspartlyresponsiblefortheaccident.

C)McLaughlinwastalkingtohismanagerwhiledriving.

D)McLaughlin’scarelessnessresultedinthecollision.

24.A)Hecrashedintoacarparkedthere.

B)Heknockeddownveralmailboxes.

C)Hetoredownthecompany’smaingate.

D)Hedidriousdamagetoaloadedtruck.

25.A)Hewilllohisjob.

B)Hewillhavetopaydamages.

C)Hewillbefinedheavily.

D)Hewillreceiveretraining.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

SectionC

Directions:Inthisction,epassageis

readforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.

Whenthepassageisreadforthecondtime,youarerequiredtofillin

y,whenthe

passageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave

written.

WhenCaptainCookaskedthechiefsinTahitiwhytheyalwaysare26,they

replied,“Becauitisright.”IfweaskAmericanswhytheyeatwithknivesandforks,

orwhytheirmenwearpants27skirts,orwhytheymaybemarriedtoonlyone

personatatime,wearelikelytoget28andveryuninformativeanswers:

“Becauit’sright.”“Becauthat’sthewayit’sdone.”“Becauit’sthe29.”Or

even“Idon’tknow.”Thereasonfortheandcountlessotherpatternsofsocial

behavioristhattheyare30bysocialnorms—sharedrulesorguidelineswhich

31how

people“ought”

conform(遵守),we

wouldnotbesurpridifastrangertriedtoshakehandswhenyouwereintroduced,

butyoumightbealittle34iftheybowed,startedtostrokeyouorkisdyouon

hoftheotherformsofgreetingisappropriateinotherpartsof

visitanothersocietywhonormsaredifferent,wequickly

becomeawarethatthingswedothisway,theydothatway.

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,requiredto

lectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninaword

bankfollowingthepassage:Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore

oiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleamarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2

notuanyofthewordsin

thebankmorethanonce.

Questions36to45arebadonthefollowingpassage.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

Whatdoesittaketobeawell-trainednur?Theanswerudtobetwo-year

associate’sorfour-yearbachelor’henursingshortage36,

agrowingnumberofschoolsandhospitalsareestablishing“fast-trackprograms”that

enablecollegegraduateswithnonursing37tobecomeregisterednurswithonly

ayearorsoof38training.

In1991,therewereonly40fast-trackcurricula;nowtherearemorethan200.

TypicalisColumbiaUniversity’tarntheir

hostayonforan39twoyears

canearnamaster’sdegreethat40themasnurpractitioners(执业护士)or

clinicalnurspecialists.

Manystudentsarerecent41;ardron,32,

a2004graduateofColumbia’sprogram,wasapremedicalstudentincollegeandthen

workedforapharmaceutical(药物的)mbia,hewas42

asanurpractitioner.“Isawthatnurswereinhigh43anditlookedlikea

reallygoodopportunity,”hesays.“Also,Ididn’twanttobeinschoolforthatlong.”

Thefast-tracktrendfillsaneed,butit’salsocreatingsome44between

newcomersandveterans.“Nursthatarestillatthebedside45thekidswith

suspicion,”saysLindaPellico,whohastaughtnursingatYaleUniversityfor18years.

“Theywonder,howcantheydoitquicker?”Theansweristheydon’t.

A)additional

B)applied

C)demand

D)excessive

E)experience

F)expores

G)graduates

H)operations

I)promote

J)qualifies

K)specialized

L)tension

M)trained

N)view

O)worns

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

atementcontainsinformationgiveninoneofthe

fytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationis

ragraph

thequestionsbymarkingthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

Theriofthesharingeconomy

[A]Lastnight40,000peoplerentedaccommodationfromarvicethatoffers

250,000roomsin30,otheirroomsand

irbedswereprovidedbyprivateindividuals,

ndguestswerematchedupbyAirbnb,afirm

tslaunchin2008morethan4millionpeoplehave

udit—emostprominentexampleofa

hugenew“sharingeconomy”,inwhichpeoplerentbeds,cars,boatsandother

astsdirectlyfromeachother,co-ordinatedviatheinternet.

[B]Youmightthinkthisisnodifferentfromrunningabed-and-breakfast(家庭旅店).

owningatimeshare(分时度假房)hnology

hasreducedtransactioncosts,makingsharingastscheaperandeasierthan

ever—changeisthe

availabilityofmoredataaboutpeopleandthings,whichallowsphysicalaststo

theinternet,rentingasurfboard,a

powertooloraparkingspacefromsomeoneelwasfeasible,butwasusually

idesand

SnapGoodsmatchupownersandrenters;smartphoneswithGPSletpeoplee

wherethenearestrentablecarisparked;socialnetworksprovideawaytocheck

uponpeopleandbuildtrust;andonlinepaymentsystemshandlethebilling.

What’smineisyours,forafee

[C]Justaspeer-to-peerbusinesslikeeBayallowanyonetobecomearetailer,

sharingsitesletindividualsactasanadhoc(临时的)taxirvice,car-hirefirm

orboutiquehotel(精品酒店)onlineor

elworksforitemsthatareexpensivetobuyandare

msandcars

arethemostobviouxamples,butyoucanalsorentcampingspacesinSweden,

catesofthesharing

economyliketoputit,accesstrumps(胜过)ownership.

[D]RachelBotsman,theauthorofabookonthesubject,saystheconsumer

peer-to-peerrentalmarketaloneisworth$rdefinitionsofthe

sharingeconomyincludepeer-to-peerlendingorputtingasolarpanelonyour

roofandllingpowerbacktothegrid(电网).Anditisnotjustindividuals:the

webmakesiteasierforcompaniestorentoutspareofficesandidlemachines,

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

coreofthesharingeconomyispeoplerentingthingsfromeach

other.

[E]Such“collaborative(合作的)consumption”isagoodthingforveralreasons.

sayshostsinSanFrancisco

whorentouttheirhomesdosoforanaverageof58nightsayear,making$9,300.

CarownerswhorenttheirvehiclestoothersusingRelayRidesmakeanaverageof

$250amonth;somemakemorethan$1,s,meanwhile,paylessthan

theywouldiftheyboughttheitemthemlves,orturnedtoatraditionalprovider

reareenvironmentalbenefits,too:renting

acarwhenyouneedit,ratherthanowningone,meansfewercarsarerequiredand

fewerresourcesmustbedevotedtomakingthem.

[F]Forsociablesouls,meetingnewpeoplebystayingintheirhomesispartofthe

geons(倔脾气的人)whoimaginethateveryrenterisamurderer

ers,as

thebackgroundcheckscarriedoutbyplatformowners,onlinereviewsandratings

areusuallypostedbybothpartiestoeachtransaction,whichmakesiteasytospot

baddrivers,gFacebookand

othersocialnetworks,participantscancheckeachotheroutandidentifyfriends

(orfriendsoffriends)nburhadherapartmenttrashedin

remarkablethingishowwellthesystemusuallyworks.

Peeringintothefuture

[G]Thesharingeconomyisalittlelikeonlineshopping,whichstartedinAmerica15

t,ingmadea

successfulpurchafrom,say,Amazon,theyfeltsafebuyingelwhere.

Similarly,usingAirbnboracar-hirerviceforthefirsttimeencouragespeople

,startedoutasapeer-to-peer

marketplace,itisnowdominatedbyprofessional“powerllers”(manyof

whomstartedoutasordinaryeBayurs).Thesamemayhappenwiththe

sharingeconomy,

peoplehaveboughtcarssolelytorentthemout,forexample.

[H],acar-hirefirm,hasa

andDaimler,re,

companiesmaydevelophybrid(混合的)models,listingexcesscapacity

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

(whethervehicles,equipmentorofficespace)

past,newwaysofdoingthingsonlinehavenotdisplacedtheoldwayntirely.

internetshoppingforcedWal-mart

andTescotoadapt,soonlinesharingwillshakeuptransport,tourism,

equipment-hireandmore.

[I]om-rentersbesubjecttohotel

taxes,forexample?InAmsterdamofficialsareusingAirbnblistingstotrack

Americancities,peer-to-peertaxirviceshave

geristhatalthough

somerulesneedtobeupdatedtoprotectconsumersfromharm,existingrental

whorentoutroomsshouldpay

tax,ofcour,

lighterrulesthattypicallygovernbed-and-breakfastsaremorethanadequate.

[J]ThesharingeconomyisthelatestexampleoftheInternet’svaluetoconsumers.

Thimergingmodelisnowbiganddisruptive(颠覆性的)enoughforregulators

timetostartcaringaboutsharing.

gitemssuchascarsdoesgoodtotheenvironment.

’ssuccessclearlyillustratestheemergenceofahugesharingeconomy.

orconcernaboutthesharingeconomyishowthegovernmentregulatesit.

tfrequentlyshareditemsarethoexpensivetobuybutnotfullyud.

ringeconomyhasapromisingfuture.

sharingwillchangethewaybusinessisdoneintransportation,travel,

rentals,etc.

isawebsitethatenablesownersandrenterstocompletetransactions

online.

ringeconomyislikelytogothewayofonlineshopping.

antageofsharingisthatownerarnmoneyfromrentingoutitemsnot

madefulluof.

gappealstothesociableinthattheycanmeetnewpeople.

SectionC

Directions:ssageisfollowedbysome

hofthemtherearefour

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebadonfollowingpassage.

Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofrearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfood

intakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedfor

energy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontof

us.

Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilar

distraction)mple

visualcues,likeplatesizeandfighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeand

consumption.

Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayarolein

lhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhow

muchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’deninfrontoftheminother

words,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.

Thisdisparity(差异)suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhavea

biggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.

Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.

“Hungerisn’tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.

Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal,”Brunstromsays.

“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplex

thanwethought.”

Thefindingchoearlierrearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcan

sometimestrickourbody’2011study,forinstance,

peoplewhodrankthesame380-calorie(卡路里)milkshakeontwoparate

occasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones(荷尔蒙),depending

onwhethertheshake’er,the

participantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey’dconsumeda

higher-calorieshake.

Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyemspracticalto

findingsdohighlightthebenefitsoffocusing

onourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.

Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpuscontrol

ourappetite,Brunstromsays.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

saidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?

A)Howweperceivethefoodweeat.

B)Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.

C)Whenweeatourmeals.

D)Howfastweeatourmeals.

uldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?

A)Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.

B)Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.

C)Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.

D)Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.

welearnfromthe2011study?

A)Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchas.

B)Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’srespontofood.

C)Hungerlevelsdependonone’sconsumptionofcalories.

D)Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.

esBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?

A)Trickourlvesintoeatingless.

B)Choofoodwithfewercalories.

C)Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.

D)Pickdishesoftherightsize.

themainideaofthepassage?

A)Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.

B)Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.

C)Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.

D)Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Asasocietywemightwanttorethinkthetimeandmoneyspentoneducation,so

y,both

highschoolsandcollegescanprepareindividualsfortheever-changingrolesthatare

likelytobeexpectedofthem.

Highschooldegreesofferfarlessinthewayofpreparationforworkthanthey

might,orthanmanyothernationscurrentlyoffer,creatingagrowingskillsgapinour

uragestudentstogoontocollegewhethertheyarepreparedornot,

orhaveaclearnofpurpoorinterest,andnowhavethehighestcollegedropout

rateintheworld.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

Wemightlooktoothercountriesformodelsofhowhighschoolscanofferbetter

training,aswellasthedevelopmentofaworkethic(勤奋工作的美德)andthe

mend

Harvard’s2011“PathwaystoProsperity”reportformoreattentiontothe“forgotten

half”(thowhodonotgoontocollege)andideasabouthowtoaddressthisissue.

Simultaneously,

knowledgeeconomywhereprofessionalroleschangerapidlyandmanycollege

studentsarepreparingforpositionsthatmaynotevenexistyet,theskilltneededis

onethatpreparesthemforchangeandcontinuedlearning.

Learningtoexpressideaswellinbothwritingandspeech,knowinghowtofind

information,andknowinghowtodorearchareallsolidbackgroundskillsfora

widevarietyofroles,andsuchtrainingismoreimportantthananyparticularmajorin

tocontinuetovaluebroadpreparationinthinkingskills

thatwillrveforalifetime.

Studentsalsoneedtolearntoworkindependentlyandtomakeresponsible

gtheningpathtoadulthoodappearxacerbated(恶化)byparental

herisinginvestmentincollegeeducation,

parentalconcernisnotsurprising,butlearningwhereandwhentointervene(干预)

willhelpstudentstakemoreownershipoftheoutcomesoftheincreasinglycostly

educations.

ndofeducationdoestheauthorthinkisideal?

A)Itbenefitsthegreatmajorityofthegeneralpopulation.

B)Itpreparesstudentstomeetthefutureneedsofsociety.

C)Itencouragesstudentstolearnthroughouttheirlives.

D)Itensuresthatstudents’expectationsaresuccessfullyfulfilled.

estheauthorsayistheproblemwithprenthighschooleducation?

A)Ignoringtheneedsofthowhodon’tgotocollege.

B)Teachingskillstobeudrightaftergraduationonly.

C)Givinglittleattentiontothohavingdifficultylearning.

D)Creatingthehighestdropoutrateinthedevelopedworld.

aracterizesaknowledgeeconomyaccordingtothepassage?

A)Peoplehavetoreceivehighereducationtoqualifyforaprofessionalposition.

B)Studentsmajoringinliberalartsusuallyhavedifficultycuringajob.

C)Newpositionsareconstantlycreatedthatrequirepeopletokeeplearning.

D)Collegesfindithardtoteachstudentshowtocopewiththechangingeconomy.

estheauthorthinkaliberalartscollegeshouldfocuson?

A)Solidbackgroundknowledgeinaparticularfield.

梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人

B)Practicalskillsurgentlyneededincurrentsociety.

C)Basicskillsneededforchangeandlifelonglearning.

D)Ufulthinkingskillsforadvancedacademicrearch.

ggestiondoestheauthoroffertoparents?

A)Rethinkingthevalueofhighereducation.

B)Investingwilyintheirchildren’ducation.

C)Helpingtheirchildrentobringtheirtalentintofullplay.

D)Avoidingtoomuchinterventionintheirchildren’ducation.

PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefrom

uldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺

术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好

的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。

由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，

所以中餐既味美又健康。