2014年6月英语四级

2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题（第一套）及答案

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebadonthefollowingpassage。

Whenyoungwomenwerefoundtomakeonly82percentofwhattheirmalepeersdojustoneyear

outofcollege，manywereatalosstoexplainit。

Allthetraditionalreasonsputforwardtointerpretthepaygap—thatwomenfallbehindwhenthey

leavetheworkforcetoraikids,forexample，orthattheydon’tekasmanymanagementroles-failed

oungwomendidn’thavekidsyet。Andbecautheywerejustoneyear

removedfromtheirundergraduatedegrees，fewofthewomenyethadthechancetogoafter（much

lessdecline）leadershiproles。

Butthereareotherreasonswhythepaygapremainssopersistent。Thefirstisthatnomatterhow

manywomenmaybegettingcollegedegrees，

condisthatourhighereducationsystemisnotdesignedtofocusontheeconomicconquencesofour

students’yearsoncampus.

Nowthatwomenarethemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberof

undergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace。

Itisnot。Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool，theystarttotrailoffduring

rollindifferentkindsofclass,tendtomajorinlessrigorous（非常严格的)

subjects,andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.

Asaresult，it’snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewitha

ollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfud，stillstumbling(栽倒）

overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers'ysuppodtobeprettyor

smart？Strongorxy(性感的）Alltheirlives，today’syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembrace

bothperfectionandpassion-topursuescienceandsports，mathandtheater-anddoitallaswellasthey

ert

aretooexhausted，andtooscaredoffailing.

56。Traditionally,itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecau______.

A）theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscours

B）theydonotfeelasfitformanagementroles

C）theyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathome

D）theydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualities

estheauthorsayaboutAmerica’shighereducationsystem?

A)Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounlingtowomen。

B）Itdoesnotconsideritconomicimpactongraduates。

C)Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents'specialneeds。

D)Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects.

estheauthorsayabouttoday’scollegeexperience？

A）Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents.

B)Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations。

C)Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect.

D）ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents。

estheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege？

A）Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.

B）Theydropacourwhentheyfindittoorigorous.

C)Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcours。

D)Theydon’tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool。

stheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege?

A）Womenaretoowornouttobeambitious.

B）Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles。

C)Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily.

D)Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries。

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebadonthefollowingpassage。

Headingleadershipliterature，you’dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobean

effectiveleader。

Idon’tbelievethattobetrue。Infact,IewayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIepeoplestuck

inpositionsofleadershipwhoaresadlyincompetentandriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities。

Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestlf-asssmentbythowhoaspireto（追求)

leadershipinthefirstplace.

We’veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge。Whetherit’sadecision—making

ssion，abasketballgame，orafamilyouting,theycan'thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionand

lievethey'renaturalbornleaders.

Truthis,they’adersdon’tassumethatit’stheirdivine（神圣的)right，

heopposite。Agreatleaderwillasss

eachsituationonitsmerits，andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition,thesituation,and/ortheneeds

ofthemomentdemandit。

Manybusinesxecutivesconfuleadershipwithaction。Theybelievethatconstantmotion

somehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct。Facedwithanysituationthatcan’tbesolvedbythesheer

forceofactivity，neleadershiptoolisvolume：ifthey

thinkyouaren'tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould，theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderand

harsher.

Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction，ofcour,butitisn’ttheironlytool。Infact,itisn’t

eventheirprimarytool。Greatleadersemorethaneveryoneel：answers,solutions,patterns，

problems,owit’svitallyimportanttodo,buttheyalsoknowthatthinking，

understanding，reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant。

Ifyou'retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateothersto

achievethooutcomes,thenyouaren'tleadingatall,you’redictating。Atrueleaderissomeonewho

developshisorherteamsothattheycananddohittheirtargetsandachievetheirgoals.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

estheauthorthinkoftheleadersheknows?

A）Manyofthemareudtotakingcharge.

B）Fewofthemareequaltotheirpositions。

C)Manyofthemfailtofullydeveloptheirpotential。

D）Fewofthemarefamiliarwithleadershipliterature.

somepeopleeagertogrableadershippositions？

A）Theybelievetheyhavethenaturalgifttolead.

B)Theybelieveinwhatleadershipliteraturesays。

C)Theyhaveprovedcompetentinmanysituations.

D)Theyderivegreatsatisfactionfrombeingleaders。

63。Whatcharacterizesagreatleaderaccordingtotheauthor？

A)Beingabletotakepromptactionwhenchancesprentthemlves。

B)Havingawhole—hearteddedicationtotheirdivineresponsibilities.

C）Havingafullunderstandingoftheirownmeritsandweakness.

D)Beingabletoasssthesituationcarefullybeforetakingcharge。

lmanybusinesxecutivesrespondwhentheircommandfailstogenerateaction？

A)Theyreasssthesituationathand.

B）Theybecomeimpatientandrude.

C）Theyresorttoanytoolavailable.

D)Theyblametheirteammembers.

65。Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoleaders？

A）Concentrateononespecifictaskatatime。

B)Udifferenttoolstoachievedifferent，goals.

C）Buildupastrongteamtoachievetheirgoals。

D)Showdeterminationwhenfacedwithtoughtasks.

第三套

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphones

andotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,drug

informationandcastudies.

Butlikemanycures，thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect；doctorsandnurs

canbefocudonthescreenandnotthepatient,

showedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure。

Thisphenomenonhastoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschools

aboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas"distracteddoctoring.”Inrespon,somehospitals

havebegunlimitingtheuofelectronicdevicesincriticalttings，whileschoolshavestarted

remindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices。

”Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords，butyoucansurf

theInternetordoFacebook，andsometimesFacebookismoretempting，”

PapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.

"Mygutfeeling（本能的感觉)islivesareindanger,"kos。”We’renot

educatingpeopleabouttheproblem，andit'sgettingwor。"

Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitor

bypassmachid

dyconcluded，"Suchdistractionshavethepotentialto

bedisastrous."

Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingis

schanged,saydoctors,especiallyyounger

ones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices。

Thepressurestemsfromamantra（信条)ofmodemmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe”data

driven,”andinformedbythelatest，instantlyaccessibleinformation。Bymanyaccounts，the

technologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataor

prescriptiondetails。

Dr。PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology”offersgreat

potentialinhealthcare,"butheaddedthatdoctors’firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

ospitalquiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?

A)Toreducemedicalerror.

B）Tocopewithemergencies.

C）Tofacilitateadministration。

D)Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.

57。Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"distracteddoctoring"?

A）Thedisrvicedonebymodemdevicestodoctors,nurs,aswellaspatients。

B)Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionncouragingtheuofmodemdevices。

C）Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.

D)Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking。

58。apadakosworryabout?

A)Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtoumodemtechnology。

B）Doctors'interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients'lives。

C)octorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodemelectronictechnology.

D)Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.

59。Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretoumodemdevices?

A）Patientstrustdoctorswhoumodemtechnology.

B)Uofmodemdevicesaddstohospitals’revenues.

C)Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare。

D)Patients'datahastoberevidfromtimetotime。

60。WhatisPeterCarmel'sadvicetodoctors？

A)Theyfollowclolytheadvancesinmedicalscience。

B）Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient'scondition。

C）Theyobrvehospitalrulesandregulations。

D）Theymakethebestuofmodemdevices。

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Ihaveclolywatchedmygeneration,knownasTheMillennials，for29yearsnow。Joel

SteinwroteanextensivepieceonMillennialsandheremainsratheroptimisticaboutourpotential.

Ihesitatetosharehisoptimismbecauofaparadox(矛盾的现象）weemtoexhibit，

namely,thattherearemoreavenuesforustoentertainourlvesthaneverbefore,yetwearemore

boredthaneverbefore.

morecablechannels，televisionshows,and

moviesthaneverbefore。Internetprovidersallowinstantviewingofalmostanymovieor

drinkingandpartyingarealsowidelyavailablefor

enerationdevelopsthehabitsatacertainage，butMillennialsemtobe

extendingthisphaoflifeastheypostponemarriage。

SomeofthisisundoubtedlyduetoTheGreatRecession。Millennialsarehavingadifficult

timefindingjobs;only47percentof16-to—24—year—oldsareemployed，thesmallestshare

sincegovernmentstartedrecordingdatain1948.

ButdoMillennialsrespondtotheeconomictroublesbydoingwhateverittakestomakeends

meet?Hardly。Infact,ofthefourgenerationsPewRearchhasdatafor,theMillennial

generationdoesnotciteworkethic（勤奋工作)asdistinctiveofitlf。Millennialswanttosave

theworld，buttheysitandwaitforthatworld-changingopportunitytobehandedtothem。

Insteadofworking2—3jobs,launchingabusiness，ordoingwhatittakestosucceed,they

nialsmaybethefirstgenerationtohavealowerstandardoflivingthantheir

parents，butwiththisrespontoadversity（逆境）,perhapsdervinglyso.

Muchinkhasbeenspilledinmanagementbooksdiscussinghowtogetthemostoutofthe

youthsintheworkplace。Largely，theycometothesameconclusion;Millennialsareentitled，

over-confident，'syoung

adultswereraidbyparentswhomadesuretoboosttheirlf—esteemateveryturn，telling

themtheycouldachievewhatevertheyttheirmindsto,andhandingoutprizesforthesixth

place.

estheauthorofthepassagethinkofMillennials?

A）Theyshowlittleinterestinentertainment.

B）Theyarenotconfidentabouttheirability。

C）Theyenjoyaneasylifeduetohightechnology.

D)Theymaynothavebrightprospectsforsuccess.

62。HowdoMillennialsfeelabouttheirlife?

A)Theycanhardlydoanythingaboutit。

C)Itisnotasgoodastheirparents'.

B）Thereislittleinittogetexcitedabout。

D)Itisfullofopportunitiesforsuccess.

wayareMillennialsdifferentfrompreviousgenerationsaccordingtoPewRearch?

A)Theyspendlesstimesocializing.C)Theydonotvaluehardwork.

B)Theyareindifferenttoothers。D)Theyaremoreindependent。

64。WhatshouldMillennialsdoaccordingtotheauthor?

A）Remainoptimisticinfaceofadversity.C)Makefulluofnewopportunities。

B）Startabusinessaarlyaspossible.D)Takeactiontochangetheirsituation。

65。WhyareMillennialsover-confidentaboutthemlves?

A）Theyhavebeenspoiledbytheirparents。C)Theyaremisguidedbymanagementbooks。

B）Theycanalwaysgetwhatevertheyexpect.D）Theythinktheyareyoungandenergetic.

第二套

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebadonthefollowingpassage。

Thequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyorthe

liberalartsinhighereducationisn'taneither/orproposition（命题),althoughthecurrent

emphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM(science，technology,engineering，

maths)relatedfieldscanmakeitemthatway。

Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining，

butalsoasrtsthatthestudyofthehumanities（人文学科)andsocialsciencesmust

remaincentralcomponentsofAmerica'ducationalsystematalllevels。Bothareasare

criticaltoproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateeffectivelyinourdemocraticsociety，

becomeinnovative(创新)leaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthe

reflectiononthegreatideasofmankindovertimeprovides。

Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates’

jobprospectsastechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarkets

transformprofessionsinwaysthatreducewagesandcutjobs。Underthecircumstances,

it'snaturaltolookforwhatmayappeartobethemost”practical”wayoutofthe

problem:”Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob”emstheobviousanswertosome,

thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas"soft”

often,infact,，accordingto

surveys，employershaveexpresdapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceiveda

broadly—badeducationthathastaughtthemtowritewell,thinkcritically,rearch

creatively，andcommunicateeasily.

Moreover,studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob，butfortheir4thand5th

jobs，asthere’slittlereasontodoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaywillbe

calledupontoplaymanydifferentrolesoverthecouroftheircareers。Theoneswhowill

dothebestinthisnewenvironmentwillbethowhoeducationshavepreparedthemto

litytodrawuponeveryavailabletoolandinsight—pickedupfrom

science，arts，andtechnology-tosolvetheproblemsofthefuture,andtakeadvantage

oftheopportunitiesthatprentthemlves,willbehelpfultothemandtheUnitedStates。

56。Whatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportsuggest?

A)STEM-relatedsubjectshelpstudentsfindjobsintheinformationsociety.

B)ThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalimportance.

C）Theliberalartsinhighereducationhelpenrichstudents’spirituallife。

D)Highereducationshouldbeadjustedtothepracticalneedsofsociety。

57。Whatisthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooamajor?

A）Theirinterestinrelevantsubjects.

B）Theacademicvalueofthecours.

C)Thequalityofeducationtoreceive.

D）Theirchancesofgettingagoodjob.

estheauthorsayabouttheso—calledsoft,subjects?

A)Theybenefitstudentsintheirfuturelife.

B)Theybroadenstudents’rangeofinterests。

C)Theyimprovestudents’communicationskills.

D)Theyareesntialtostudents'healthygrowth.

59。Whatkindofjobapplicantsdoemployerslookfor？

A)Thowhohaveastrongnofresponsibility。

B）Thowhoaregoodatsolvingpracticalproblems。

C）Thowhoarelikelytobecomeinnovativeleaders。

D)Thowhohavereceivedawell—roundededucation。

60。Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetocollegestudents？

A)Seizeopportunitiestotaptheirpotential。

B）Trytotakeavarietyofpracticalcours。

C)Preparethemlvesfordifferentjoboptions.

D）Adoptaflexibleapproachtosolvingproblems。

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebadonthefollowingpassage.

niceringtoit，doesn’tit?Ifyouthinkso,you'renotalone，

becauenergyindependencehasbeenthedreamofAmericanpresidentsfordecades,

andnevermoresothaninthepastfewyears,whenthemostrecentoilpriceshockhas

beenpartlyresponsibleforkickingoffthegreatrecession.

”Energyindependence”anditsrhetorical（修辞的)companion”energycurity”are,

however,itwewant

independencefrom，exactly?

Mostp

therearereasonsthatwebuyallthatoilfromelwhere.

Thefirstreasonisthatweneedittokeepoureconomyrunning。Yes，thereisatrickle

(涓涓细流)ofbiofuel(生物燃料）available,andmoremaybecomeavailable，butmost

biofuelscaueconomicwasteandenvironmentaldestruction.

Second,Americanshavebasicallydecidedthattheydon’treallywanttoproducealltheir

ownoil。Theyvaluetheenvironmentalqualitytheyprerveovertheiroilimportsfrom

easoftheUnitedStatesareoff—limitstooilexplorationandproductionin

thenameofenvironmentalprotection。TowhatextentareAmericansreallywillingto

enduretheenvironmentalimpactsofdomesticenergyproductioninordertocutback

imports?

Third,wsforeconomicefficiency，andwhenwebuy

thingsfromplacesthathavelowerproductioncoststhanwedo,hough

youdon’treadaboutthismuch,theUnitedStatesisalsoalargeexporterofoilproducts，

llingabout2millionbarrelsofpetroleumproductsperdaytoabout90countries.

ThereisnoquestionthattheUnitedStatesimportsagreatdealofenergyand,infact,relies

onthatsteadyflowtomaintainitconomy。Whenthatflowisinterrupted，wefeelthe

paininshortsuppliesandhigherprices。Atthesametime,wederivemassiveeconomic

benefitswhenwebuythemostaffordableenergyontheworldmarketandwhenwe

engageinenergytradearoundtheworld.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.

61。WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutenergyindependenceforAmerica？

A）Itsoundsveryattractive。

B）Itensuresnationalcurity.

C)Itwillbringoilpricesdown.

D)Ithaslongbeeneveryone'sdream.

estheauthorthinkofbiofuels?

A）TheykeepAmerica’conomyrunninghealthily。

B)Theyprovetobeagoodalternativetopetroleum.

C）Theydonotprovideasustainableenergysupply。

D）Theycauriousdamagetotheenvironment.

63。WhydoesAmericarelyheavilyonoilimports？

A）Itwantstoexpanditsstorageofcrudeoil.

B)Itsownoilrervesarequicklyrunningout.

C）Itwantstokeepitsownenvironmentintact.

D）Itsownoilproductionfallsshortofdemand.

estheauthorsayaboutoiltrade?

A)Itprovesprofitabletobothsides。

B)Itimproveconomicefficiency。

C）Itmakesforeconomicprosperity。

D)Itsavesthecostofoilexploration。

65。Whatistheauthor'spurpoinwritingthepassage？

A)TojustifyAmerica'sdependenceonoilimports。

B）ToarouAmericans’awarenessoftheenergycrisis。

C）Tostresstheimportanceofenergyconrvation.

D）Toexplaintheincreaofinternationaloiltrade。