realityshow

TheAppreciationofAmericanTVSeries

anTVStation

NBC

•TheNationalBroadcastingCompany(NBC)isanAmericantelevisionnetwork

headquarteredintheGEBuildinginNewYorkCity’sRockefellerCenter.

•ItissometimesreferredtoasthePeacockNetworkduetoitsstylizedpeacocklogo,created

exclusivelyforcolorbroadcasts.

•Formedin1926bytheRadioCorporationofAmerica(RCA),NBCwasthefirstmajor

1986,controlofNBCpasdtoGeneralElectric(GE),

withGE’s$6.4billionpurchaofRCA.

•NBCisavailableinanestimated112millionhouholds,98.6%ofthowithtelevisions.

NBChas10owned-and-operatedstationsandnearly200affiliatesintheUnitedStatesandits

territories.

ABC

•AmericanBroadcastingCompany

•Createdin1943fromtheformerNBCBlueradionetwork,ABCisownedbyTheWalt

tbroadcastontelevisionin

1948.

•CorporateheadquartersareinManhattaninNewYorkCity,whileprogrammingofficesarein

Burbank,CaliforniaadjacenttotheWaltDisneyStudiosandtheWaltDisneyCompanycorporate

headquarters.

•ThenetworkissometimesreferredtoastheAlphabetNetwork,duetotheletters"ABC"

beingthefirstthreelettersoftheLatinalphabet,inorder.

2004--Prent

•DeterminednottoloitsprominenceonTV,ABCwasabletofindsuccessinratings

allofthatyear,ABCpremieredtwohighlyanticipatedriesDesperate

Houwives,ately,thenetwork’sratingsskyrocketedtounprecedentedlevels.

•ItfollowedupitsprosperitywiththepremieresofGrey’sAnatomyin2005,andin2006,the

dramedyUglyBetty,whichareallpopularamongviewersandcriticallyacclaimed.

•ABCcontinuestoplacecondinratingsthankstoitshighlypopularshows,mainly

DesperateHouwives,Lost,Grey'sAnatomy,UglyBetty,andDancingwiththeStars,althoughit

hasslippedtothirdsince2007.

•InApril2009,ABCannouncedthattheywillbringWhoWantstobeaMillionairebackinto

Primetimefora2-weeklifespaninrespontothepopularityofthe2008Oscar-winningfilm

SlumdogMillionaire.

•2004,ABClaunchedanews

channelcalled“ABCNewsNow”.Itsaimistoprovideround-the-clocknewsonover-the-air

digitalTV,cableTV,theInternet,andmobilephones.

•GoodMorningAmerica(GMA)isanAmericannewsMorningshowandtalkshowthatis

broadcastontheABCtelevisionnetwork,debutingonNovember3,1975.

•Theshowfeaturesnews,talk,weather,oducedlivefrom

gramiscurrently

hostedbyDianeSawyerandRobinRoberts.

TNT

•TNT(originallyTurnerNetworkTelevision)isanAmericancableTVchannelcreatedby

mediamogulRobertEdward“Ted”TurnerIIIandcurrentlyownedbytheTurnerBroadcasting

SystemdivisionofTimeWarner.

•OnJune12,2001,TNTrelauncheditlf,withanewlogoandtagline,"WeKnowDrama.",

whichemphasizedthechannel’snewfocusonprogrammingwithdramaandenergy,suchas

sportsandnetworkTVdramaslikeAngel,Law&Order,Charmed,NYPDBlue,ER,Withouta

Trace,Alias,JudgingAmy,LasVegas,LeverageandColdCa.

•In2004,TN

isalsooneoftheTurner-ownedchannelswhichnowshowstheclassic1939filmTheWizardof

Oz.

•OnDecember7,2008,TNTunveiledanewadcampaignwithanewlystylizedupdateofits

logo,mainlyinshinysilverbutsometimesingold.

•Thecampaignwillcontinuetouthechannel’stagline“WeKnowDrama”butwithmoreof

afocusonitsoriginalriesanditsplantohavethreenightsoforiginalprimetimeprogramming

startingin2009.

CBS

•ericantelevisionnetwork,whichstartedoutasaradio

network.

•Thenameisderivedfromtheinitialsofthenetwork’sformername,ColumbiaBroadcasting

workissometimesreferredtoastheEyeNetworkormoresimplyTheEye,in

referencetotheshapeofthecompany’slogo.

•TheCBSBuildinginNewYorkCity,alsoknownas“BlackRock”,isthe38-story

headquartersoftheCBSCorporation.

2002--Prent

•TheturningpointforCBScameinthesummerof2000whenitdebutedthesummerreality

showSurvivor,whichbecameasurprisummerhitforthenetwork.

•InJanuary2001,CBSdebutedthecondasonoftheshowafteritsairingoftheSuper

Bowl,sdaysandwasbothabletochipawayatand

eventuallybeatNBC’sThursdaynightlineup,andattractyoungerviewerstothenetwork.

•CBShashadadditionalsuccesswithpoliceproceduralsColdCa,WithoutaTrace,

CriminalMinds,NCIS,andTheMentalist,alongwithCSI:MiamiandCSI:NY,andsitcoms

EverybodyLovesRaymond,TwoandaHalfMen,HowIMetYourMother,TheBigBangTheory

andTheNewAdventuresofOldChristine.

•Duringthe2007-2008ason,Foxrankedasthetop-ratednetwork,primarilyduetoits

r,accordingtoNieln,CBSendedupasthetop-ratednetwork

forthe2008-2009ason.

FOX

•TheFoxBroadcastingCompany(FBC),commonlyreferredtoasFOX,isownedbyFox

EntertainmentGroup,partofRupertMurdoch’sNewsCorporation.

•Thenetworkisnamedaftersistercompany20thCenturyFox,andindirectlyforproducer

WilliamFox,whofoundedoneofthemoviestudio’spredecessors,FoxFilm.

1986--2009

•LaunchedonOctober9,1986,from2004to2009FOXwasthehighest-ratedbroadcast

networkinthe18–2007–08ason,FOXbecamethemostpopular

networkinAmericainhouholdratingsforthefirsttimeinitshistory,k

backthetopspotinthe2008-09ason,thoughFOXremainsasolidrunner-up.

2000s:TheIdolEffect

•FO

thistime,FOXputmuchof

itffortsintoproducingrealityfarewithsubjectsoftenenaxtravagant,shocking,and/or

distasteful.

•Between2000and2009,FOXaddedthecablechannelsFOXCollegeSports,FuelTV,FOX

RealityChannelandFOXBusinessNetwork.

•Aftersheddingmostoftheshows,FOXregainedaratingsfootholdwithacclaimeddramas

suchas24,TheO.C.,HouandBones.

•By2005,FOX’smostpopularshowbyfarwasthetalentarchAmericanIdol,peakingatup

to37millionviewersoncertainepisodesandbeingthenation’shighest-ratedprograminthe

2004–,airingafterIdolonTuesdaynightsandhavinghadasuccessfulrunof

summerrepeatsin2005,positioneditlfasatop-tenhitinthe2005–06ason.

•FOXhitamilestoneinFebruary2005byscoringitsfirst-eversweepsvictoryamongall

slargelyduetothebroadcastofSuperBowlXXXIX,butalsoonthestrengthof

AmericanIdol,24,Hou,andTheO.C.

•Bytheendofthe2004–05televisionason,FOXrankedNo.1forthefirsttimeinits

historyamongthe18–49demographicmostappealingtoadvertirs.

•AnothermilestonecameonMay21,2008,FOXtookthe#1generalhouholdsratingcrown

forthefirsttime,badonthestrengthofSuperBowlXLIIandAmericanIdol.

Syfy

•SyfyisanAmericancabletelevisionchannellaunchedonSeptember24,1992,that

specializesinsciencefiction,fantasy,horror,eSyfywas

officiallyadoptedonJuly7,2009.

SciFiSyfy

•OnMarch16,2009,SciFiannouncedthatitwouldbechangingitsnametoSyfyaspartof

kofficialsalsonotedthat,unlikethegenericterm“sci-fi”

whichreprentstheentiresciencefictiongenre,theterm“Syfy”canbeprotectedbytrademark

andthereforewouldbeeasiertomarketonothergoodsorrviceswithoutfearofconfusionwith

othercompanies’products.

•Syfy'sprogrammingincludesoriginaltelevisionmovies,miniries,ast,

thechannelhasalsoairedmanycanceled"cultclassic"sciencefictionTVshows.

•Itgainednationalprominencein2003withtheairingofStevenSpielbergPrents:Taken,

2006,italsobeganincludingveral

non-sci-fiprogramsinitsline-up,suchasLaw&Order:SpecialVictimsUnit,WWE'sECWand

WCGUltimateGamer.

HBO

•HomeBoxOffice(HBO),apremiumtelevisionprogrammingownedbyWarnerBrothers

EntertainmentsubsidiaryofTimeWarner,offerstwo24/7paytelevisionrvices(HBOand

Cinemax)ibersintheUnitedStates.

•HBOprogrammingisbroadcastintoover150countriesworldwide.

SHOWTIME

•Showtimeisasubscriptiontelevisionbrandudbyanumberofchannelsandplatforms

aroundtheworld,gust

2005,Showtime'sprogrammingisavailabletoaround13millionsubscribersintheUnitedStates.

•Showtimeprimarilyshowsmotionpicturesaswellassomeoriginalprogrammingand

occasionalboxingandMMAmatches.

ationofTerms

e

ay

-off

rack

-drama

anger

ceMeasurement

ard

•Pilot(orTelevisionPilot)isatestepisodeofanintendedtelevisionries,also,it’san

earlystepinthedevelopmentofatelevisionries.

•Functions:

ksupilotstodiscoverwhetheranentertainingconceptcanbesuccessfully

realized.

eeingthissampleofthepropodproduct,networkswillthendeterminewhether

theexpenofadditionalepisodesisjustified.

VarietyestimatesthatonlyalittleoveraquarterofallpilotsmadeforAmerican

televisionsucceedtotheriesstage.

e

•Anepisodeisapartofadramaticworksuchasarialtelevisionorradioprogram.

•Episodeswhichendinthemiddleofaclimaticmomentareoftencalledcliffhangers,after

isodesarefrequentlyudinasonfinales

ofmanyprimetimeshows.

•Showsusuallyhavenumbersorcodes(aka,Productioncodes/numbers)foreachepisode.

TheX-Files,forexample,assignedacodeintheformat"sXnn",with's'identifyingthe

asonnumberand'nn'beingatwo-digitnumberforeachshow,startingwith'01'.

•InNorthAmericaandAustralia,thetermudtodescribearegularrunofepisodesisa

televisionasonorsimply,mple,aasonofatelevisionriesmight

consistof20–26episodesbroadcastregularlybetweenSeptemberandMaywithahiatus

duringthe(Christmas/NewYear’sEve)holidays.

•Alternatively,itmaycompri20–26concutiveepisodesbetweenSeptemberand

terisoftenreferredtoasa"non-stopason",

whichareusuallyudforrialtelevisionries(e.g.,24andLost).Anotherexample

mightbeariesthatairsonlya6–13episodeasonduringthesummer.

•IntheUnitedStates,

general,dramasusuallylast44minutes(anhourwithadvertiments),whilecomedies

last22(30withadvertiments).

ay

•msurfacedduringthe1950s

withwideusagetodistinguishaTVscriptfromstageplaysforthetheaterand

screenplayswrittenforfilms.

•Inmodernusage,a"teleplay"generallyreferstoascriptwrittenforatelevisionries.

Formatsvarydependingonthetypeofshow.

•Theformatfortheaverageone-hourdrama,however,atfirstglancelooksvirtually

ndifferencebetweenascreenplayandateleplay,aside

fromlength,lowsthewritertocontrolwhen

commercialbreakswilloccur;commercialsareplacedbetweentheacts.

-off

•Aspin-offisaneworganizationorentityformedbyasplitfromalargerone,suchasa

televisionriesbadonapre-existingone.

•Thetermsub-riesisgenerallyudinsteadofspin-off,butwithesntiallythesame

meaning.

rack

•Alaughtrack,(laughtersoundtrack,laughtertrack,LFN“LaughterFromNowhere”,

cannedlaughteroralaughingaudience)isaparatesoundtrackinventedbyCharles

Douglass,withtheartificialsoundofaudiencelaughter,madetobeinrtedintoTV

comedyshowsandsitcoms.

•ThefirstAmericantelevisionshowtoincorporatealaughtrackwastheAmericansitcom

TheHankMcCuneShowin1950.

-drama

•Comedy-drama,alsocalleddramedyorriocomedy,isastyleoftelevision,theatreand

filminwhichthereisanequalornearlyequalbalanceofhumorandriouscontent.

anger

•Acliffhanger(orcliffhangerending),isaplotdeviceinfictionwhichfeaturesamain

characterinaprecariousordifficultdilemma,orconfrontedwithashockingrevelation.A

cliffhangerishopedtoensuretheaudiencewillreturntoehowthecharactersresolve

thedilemma.

•Arerun(orrepeat),isare-airingofanepisodeofaradioortelevisionbroadcast.

•Therearetwotypesofreruns—thothatoccurduringahiatus,andthothatoccur

whenaprogramissyndicated.

•Rerunscanalsobe,asthecawithmorepopularshows,whenashowisairedoutsideof

itstimeslot(fternoon).

•Intelevisionscheduling,ahiatusreferstoabreakofatleastveralweeksinthenormal

ccurduringaasonofatelevisionprogram,or

canbebetweentelevisionasons(usuallystartinginJuneandendinginAugustwhen

shootingstartsforthenextason).

•Inrecentyears,sometelevisionshowshavebeenplaced“onhiatus”bytheirnetworksfor

longperiodsofuptoveralyears,effectivelycancelingthemwhileleavingviewersand

producerswiththepossiblehopeoftheshows’eventualreturn.

ceMeasurement

•AudienceMeasurementmeasurehowmanypeopleareinanaudience,usuallyinrelation

toradiolistenershipandtelevisionviewership,butalsonewspaperandmagazine

readership,andincreasingly,usageofwebsites.

•Itis,tohelpbroadcastersandadvertirsdeterminewhoislistening,ratherthanjusthow

oadermeaningiscalledaudiencerearch.

•TheWritersGuildofAmericaisagenerictermreferringtothejointeffortsoftwo

differentUSlaborunions:

•TheWritersGuildofAmerica,East(WGAE),reprentingTVandfilmwritersaround

NewYorkCity.

•TheWritersGuildofAmerica,West(WGAW),reprentingTVandfilmwritersin

HollywoodandsouthernCalifornia.

•TheAcademyofTelevisionArts&Scienceswasfoundedin1946;justonemonthafter

networktelevisionwasborn.

•Itisanonprofitorganizationdevotedtotheadvancementoftelecommunicationsartsand

sciencesandtofosteringcreativeleadershipinthetelecommunicationsindustry.

•TheTelevisionAcademyistheonlymajororganizationdevotedentirelytotelevisionand

ismadeupofmorethan15,000membersreprenting28professionalpeergroups,

includingperformers,directors,producers,artdirectorsandvariousotherartisans,

techniciansandexecutives.

ard

•TheEmmyAward,alsoknownasthe'Emmy',isatelevisionproductionaward,andis

consideredthetelevisionequivalenttotheAcademyAwards(forfilm),GrammyAwards

(formusic)andTonyAwards(forstage).

•Theyareprentedinvariousctorsofthetelevisionindustry,includingentertainment

programming,newsanddocumentaryshows,,the

awardsareprentedinvariousarea-specificceremoniesheldannuallythroughoutthe

tknownoftheceremoniesarethePrimetimeEmmyAwards.

Whycallit“Emmy”?

•Thename“Emmy”wasderivedfrom“Immy,”anicknamefortheimageorthiconcamera

tube(图像正析像管),whichwasinstrumentalinthedevelopmentofmoderntelevision.

What’smeaningofthestatuette?

•Thewordwasfeminizedas“Emmy”tocomplementthedesignchonforthestatuette,

whichdepictedawinged,idealizedwomanholdinganatom.

•ItbecomethesymboloftheTVAcademy'sgoalofsupportingandupliftingtheartand

scienceoftelevision:Thewingsreprentthemuofart;theatomtheelectronof

science.

•In1949,theTelevisionAcademyheldthefirstEmmyAwardsceremony,anannualevent

createdtorecognizeexcellenceintelevisionprogramming.

ionComedy

lDrama

-fiDrama

rama

rama

ama

icalDrama

yShow&RealityCompetition

ow

ries&TVMovies

sionContentRatingSystems

•TelevisionContentRatingSystemsgivetelevisionviewersanideaofthesuitabilityofa

televisionprogramforchildrenand/oradults.

•Manycountrieshavetheirowntelevisionratingsystemandeachcountry'sratingprocess

maydifferduetolocalpriorities.

•Programsareratedbyeithertheorganizationthatmanagesthesystem,thebroadcasterorby

thecontentproducersthemlves.

•ingcan

changeperepisode,network,rerunandpercountry.

TVParentalGuidelines

•ThesystemwasfirstpropodonDecember19,1996bytheUnitedStatesCongress,the

televisionindustryandtheFCC,andwentintoeffectbyJanuary1,1997onmostmajorbroadcast

andcablenetworksinrespontopublicconcernsofincreasinglyexplicitxualcontent,graphic

violenceandstrongprofanityintelevisionprograms.

•Itwastablishedasavoluntary-participationsystem,withratingstobedeterminedbythe

individually-participatingbroadcastandcablenetworks.

•Buttheguidelinesthemlveshavenolegalforce,anddoesnotapplytonewsorsports

programming.

Ratings

TV-Y

➢(AllChildren)

•ranimatedor

live-action,thethemesandelementsinthisprogramarespecificallydesignedforavery

youngaudience,ogramisnotexpectedto

frightenyoungerchildren.

TV-Y7

➢(DirectedtoOlderChildren)

•emoreappropriatefor

childrenwhohaveacquiredthedevelopmentalskillsneededtodistinguishbetween

andelementsinthisprogrammayincludemildfantasy

violenceorcomedicviolence,ore,

parentsmaywishtoconsiderthesuitabilityofthisprogramfortheirveryyoungchildren.

TV-G

➢(GeneralAudiences)

•ghthisratingdoesnot

signifyaprogramdesignedspecificallyforchildren,mostparentsmayletyounger

ainslittleornoviolence,nostrong

languageandlittleornoxualdialogueorsituations.

•ManyprogramsonDisneyChannelutheTV-GratinginsteadoftheTV-Y7rating,as

theprogramsaimmoretowardafamilyaudience.

TV-PG

➢(ParentalGuidanceSuggested)

•Thisratingsignifiesthattheprogrammaybeunsuitableforchildrenunderage10or12,

sgameshowsandmostrealityshowsarerated

TV-PGfortheirsuggestivedialog,suggestivehumor,and/orcoarlanguage.

•TheTV-PGratingmaybeaccompaniedbyoneormoreofthefollowingsub-ratings:

Dforsomesuggestivedialogue

Lforinfrequentcoarlanguage

Sforsomexualsituations

Vformoderateviolence

TV-14

➢(ParentsStronglyCautioned)

•ProgramsissuedtheTV-14ratingareusuallyunsuitableforchildrenundertheageof14

withouttheguidanceofaparentorguardian.

•Manyprogramsthatairafter9:ogrammingliketelevid

awardsceremonies,concerts,andsomespecialswillbeissuedageneralTV-14rating,

becauofthepossibilitythatprofanity,nudity,orsuggestivedialoguemayoccur.

TV-MA

➢(MatureAudienceOnly)

•ATV-MAratingmeanstheprogrammaybeunsuitableforthobelow17without

grammaycontainextremegraphicviolence,strongprofanity,

overtlyxualdialogue,verycoarlanguage,nudityand/orstrongxualcontent.

Althoughnotaverylargenumberofshowscarrythisrating,SouthParkisapopular

exampleofashowthatcarriesaTV-MArating.

•Thisratingmaybeaccompaniedbyanyofthefollowingsub-ratings:

Lforcrudeindecentlanguage

Sforexplicitxualsituations/nudity

Vforgraphicviolence

•Forthefirst15condsofeveryratedprogramlastingahalf-hourorless,alargeratingicon

ryratedprogramrunninganhouror

longer,aratingappearsintheupper-lefthandcorneroftheTVscreenatthebeginningofeach

halfhour.

•StartinginJune2005,manynetworksnowdisplaytheratingsaftereverycommercialbreak.

ABCwasoneofthefirsttelevisionnetworkstodisplaytheprogram'sratingafterevery

commercialbreakinadditiontoatthebeginningoftheprogram.