recognize的名词

考点一名词的单复数

授课提示：对应学生用书第186页

1．规则变化

一般名词

cup→cups杯子car→cars汽车bird→birds鸟map→maps地图

book→books书idea→ideas主意month→months月night→nights夜晚

以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结

尾的名词＋-es

box→boxes盒子class→class班级watch→watches手表dish→dishes菜肴

fox→foxes狐狸mass→mass多数match→matches比赛

*stomach→stomachs

胃

“辅音字母＋-y”结

尾的名词，变y为i，

再加-es

city→cities城市baby→babies婴儿family→families家庭party→parties聚会

story→stories故事fly→flies苍蝇

factory→factories工

厂

lady→ladies女士

以-f/-fe结尾，变f/fe

为v，再加-es

leaf→leaves叶子half→halves几半knife→knives刀子*belief→beliefs信仰

wolf→wolves狼shelf→shelves架子life→lives生命*roof→roofs屋顶

以-o结尾的名词；“有生命”名词加-es，“无生命”名词加-s

tomato→tomatoes西

红柿

photo→photos照片zoo→zoos动物园

*mosquito→mosquito

(e)s蚊子

potato→potatoes土

豆

radio→radios收音机

studio→studios工作

室

*volcano→volcano(e)

s火山

hero→heroes英雄piano→pianos钢琴

*bamboo→bamboos

竹子

2.不规则变化

改变单词内部的元音

字母

tooth→teeth牙齿man→men男人child→children孩子

*phenomenon→pheno

mena现象

foot→feet脚

woman→women女

人

mou→mice老鼠

*medium→media媒

介

goo→gee鹅

policeman→policeme

n警察

basis→bas根据*ox→oxen牛

单数形式＝复数形式

deer鹿means方法works作品Chine中国人

sheep羊ries系列works工厂Japane日本人

cattle牛species类别police警察*Germans德国人

3.复合名词的复数形式

中心名词变复数，无中心词的

在最后加-s

pasr-by→pasrs-by过路人

grown-up→grown-ups成年

人

blackboard→blackboards黑

板

looker-on→lookers-on旁观book-shelf→book-shelves书girlfriend→girlfriends女朋友

者架

构成合成名词的两个词都变复数

mandoctor→mendoctors男医生womenlawyer→womenlawyers女律师

mandriver→mendrivers男司机womanteacher→womenteachers女老师

考点二词性转换(形容词/动词→名词)

授课提示：对应学生用书第187页

动词词尾去-e＋-al→名词

arrive→arrival到达remove→removal移动survive→survival幸存

单词＋表人的后缀-er/-or/-ist表“„„的人/„„家”

perform→performer

表演者

act→actor演员

*village→villager村

民

*science→scientist科

学家

teach→teacher教师

*operate→operator

操作员

*law→lawyer律师

*piano→pianist钢琴

家

work→worker工人direct→director导演

invent→inventor发

明家

art→artist艺术家

speak→speaker演讲

者

visit→visitor来访者

*chemistry→chemist

化学家

novel→novelist小说

家

单词＋-ant/-ian/-an表“„„的人/„„家”

assist→assistant助手music→musician音乐家Europe→European欧洲人

*rve→rvant仆人*history→historian历史学家*Africa→African非洲人

attend→attendant与会者*physics→physician物理学家*Asia→Asian亚洲人

-ment在动词后构成名词，表“行为或结果”

*argue→argument争论agree→agreement同意ttle→ttlement解决

amaze→amazement惊奇astonish→astonishment惊奇punish→punishment惩罚

arrange→arrangement安排achieve→achievement完成develop→development发展

equip→equipment设备treat→treatment治疗*judge→judg(e)ment判断

动词后加-(t)ion/-ation/-sion表“行为/状态”

collect→collection收集*imagine→imagination想象*solve→solution解决

correct→correction纠正*prepare→preparation准备*permit→permission允许

elect→election选举*invite→invitation邀请*admit→admission承认

direct→direction指导*explain→explanation解释*recognize→recognition认出

动词＋-ence/-ance表“行为”

prefer→preference偏好exist→existence存在*guide→guidance指导

refer→reference参考appear→appearance出现resist→resistance抵制

differ→difference不同assist→assistance帮助*enter→entrance入口

occur→occurrence发生perform→performance表演*insure→insurance保险

后加-ness表“性质、状态、精神、程度”

aware→awareness意识sad→sadness悲伤kind→kindness善良

weak→weakness弱点*happy→happiness幸福ill→illness疾病

careless→carelessness粗心*lazy→laziness懒惰*lonely→loneliness孤独

以-t结尾的形容词变-t为-ce→名词

abnt→abnce缺席

convenient→convenience方

便

independent→independence

独立

silent→silence沉默important→importance重要confident→confidence信心

distant→distance距离patient→patience耐心intelligent→intelligence智力

evident→evidence证据different→difference不同violent→violence暴力

单词＋-th/-age→名词

warm→warmth温暖*dead→death死亡*marry→marriage婚姻

grow→growth成长*long→length长short→shortage短缺

*true→truth真理*wide→width宽*store→storage储存

考点三名词前的常考介词

授课提示：对应学生用书第188页

1．表时间的介词

in＋世纪/年份/月份/季节/周/日/on＋周日/具体日期/节日/假日/at＋钟点/一天中特定时间段的

名词

inthetwentiethcentury在20世

纪

in2001在2001年

inspring在春天

inMay在五月

inthemorning在早上

onMonday在星期一

onMay20,2010在2010年5月

20日

onthatday在那一天

onholiday在度假

onarainymorning在一个有雨

的上午

atven在7点

atChristmas在圣诞节

atnoon在中午

atdawn在黎明

atmidnight在午夜

in/after/over/for＋时间段；since＋时间点inanhour一小时后aftertwodays2天后

in(将来)“在„„之后”inthreedays三天后after2o'clock2点后

after(过去)“在„„之后”overdinner吃饭时fortwoyears2年

over在„„期间overtheyears多年以来

foralongtime很长时

间

for动作或状态持续的时间sincelastyear自去年以来

·since＋时间点表(过去延续至今的)一段时间

sincetwoyearsago自两

年前以来

2.表地点的介词

across/over/through/past＋名词/代词

·across从„„表面上通过

·over从„„上方跨过

·through从„„内部穿过

·past从„„旁边经过

①TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwestto

east，acrossthedert，overthemountains，

throughthevalleys，tillatlastitreachesthe

a.

长城从西向东，跨过沙漠，越过高山，穿过

深谷，蜿蜒而行，最后直达大海。

②Willyougopastmyhouonyourway

home？

你回家的路上会经过我家吗？

in/on/to/off＋方位词表两地之间的方位关

系

·in表“包含”，指在某范围之内

·on表“接壤”，指与某一地区的毗邻关系

·to表“没接触”，指在某一地区之外的某方

位

·off表“远离”

①ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina.长春

在中国的东北部。

②MongolialiesonthenorthofChina.蒙古位

于中国的北部。

③JapanistotheeastofChina.日本位于中国

的东部。

④Therearemanyislandsoffthesoutheast

coast.

东南海岸有许多岛屿。

3.表方式的介词with，by，in

withaknife用刀bycar乘汽车inink用墨水byair乘飞机

withapen用钢笔bybus乘公交inEnglish用英语byroad由陆路

withakey用钥匙bymail用邮件inpencil用铅笔bya乘船

4.表“排除”的介词

except/besides/exceptfor＋名词/代词

·except除„„之外(其他的都)，其后的宾

语是被排除在外的

·besides除„„之外(其他的也)，其后的

宾语是被包括在内的

·exceptfor除„„之外，被排除的内容与

主语往往不是同一类

她是个好室友，除了有时回来太晚。

①Sheisagoodroommateexceptthat

sometimesshecomesbacktoolate.

②Doyouhaveotherdictionariesbesidesthis

one？

除了这本(字典)，你还有其他字典吗？

③Hiscompositionixcellentexceptforsome

spellingmistakes.

他的作品写得很好，只有几处拼写错误。

[跟踪训练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires，Asia'sbiggestbuilding，

touristslikeme，pandasareitstop________(attract)．

2．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Thenurryteamswitcheshimeveryfew________(day)withhis

sister.

3．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealn

of________(achieve)．

4．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveat

workifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.

5．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinescholarConfucius，who

livedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe________(develop)of

chopsticks.

6．(2016·高考四川卷)Anysmellmightattractnatural________(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeat

thelittlepanda.

7．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ)I'dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsekingthe

limestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomany

Chine________(painting)．

8．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellings

admirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahouwithoutusingelectricequipment.

9．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)InIndia，forexample，mostpeopletraditionallyeat________their

hands.

10．(2016·高考四川卷)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda________more

thantwoyears.

答案：ement

4．

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：honest→honesty

2．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad，wecanbroadenourviewandgain

knowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：knowledges→knowledge

3．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：year→years

4．(2016·高考四川卷)Momhasafull-timejob，butshehastodomostofthehouworks.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：houworks→houwork

5．(2016·高考浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren，myfathercreatedaregularpractice

Irememberwellyearslater.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：children→child

6．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：airs→air

7．(2015·高考浙江卷)Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecauthreesideoftheclassroom

weremadeofglass.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：side→sides

8．(2015·高考陕西卷)Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepofbaking.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：step→steps

9．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)NowIamleavinghometocollege.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：to→for

10．(2015·高考陕西卷)Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉in

Ⅲ.语法填空(重点练名词)

(2015·高考福建卷，短文填词)

Sometimeswehave1.________(agreement)ishappens，theimportant

thingistotrynottoletacalm2.________(discuss)emy

3.________(tip)foryou.

ThefirstthingIwouldsayisthatthewayyoubegintheconversationisofgreat

4.________(important)．

Imagineyouareastudentandyoushareaflatwithanotherstudentwhoyouthinkisn'tdoing

ay，“Look，

areyougoingtodoaboutit？”，thetalkwillverysoonturnintoan5.________(argue)．It'smore

6.________(benefit)tosaysomethinglike，“Ithinkwehadbetterdiscusshowwesharethe

hereisabetterwayofdealing7.________it.”

Mycondpieceof8.________(advi)'rethepersonwhoisinthewrong，

justadmitit！Thisisthe9.________(easy)kean

10.________(apologize)，erpersonwillhavemorerespectforyouinthe

futureifyoudothat.

答案：

4．

8．y

Ⅳ.短文改错(侧重训练名词)

r，tomake

eveJobsasa

pedoutuniversityinhistwenties，buthealwaysattendedclassandgrabbed

designedtheproductsofiPodandiPhone，hemadegreateffortto

ufferedonefailureafteranotherbeforeheeventualsucceeded.

Justasthesayinggo，“Romewasnotbuiltinaday.”Ifyouwanttosucceed，youhavetokeep

ontryingyourideaandnevergiveup.

答案：

r，thereisnoshortcuttosuccess

success

.Wehavetomake

goodpreparation

preparations

eveJobsasa

an

pedout∧

of

universityinhistwenties，buthealwaysattendedclass

class

andgrabbed

designedtheproductsofiPodandiPhone，hemadegreateffort

efforts

to

ufferedonefailureafteranotherbeforeheeventual

eventually

succeeded.

Justasthesayinggo

goes

，“Romewasnotbuiltinaday.”Ifyouwanttosucceed，youhaveto

keepontryingyouridea

ideas

andnevergiveup.