argument

GRE终极模板句型

Argument常用结构模板：

1.开头：

Inthisargumenttheauthorconcludes/claimsthat__.Theconclusionisbadon(the

resultofasurvey)___.Inaddition,thearguerasrtsthat___.However,thestatement

alonedoesnotconstitutealogicalargumentinfavorofitsconclusionandfailsto

providecompellingsupportmakingthisargumentsound.

Thespeakerasrts(claims/concludes/recommends)that_____.Tojustifythe

argument,thearguerpointsout/citesaresultofasurveythat_____.Atthefirstglance,

thisopinionemstobesomewhatconvincing,butfurtherreflectiontellsmethatI

cannotagreewithitforthefollowingreasons(Afteracarefulexamination,wecanfindthe

conclusiondrawnintheargumentisungroundedatall).

2.正文：

First,itgoeswithoutsayingthat______.

Thecondproblemwiththisclaimisthat______.

ThelastthingIwanttotakeaglanceatthisargumentisthat__________.

or:

First,theargumentquestionablyassumesthat_____

Second,theargumentneveraddress______

Finally,theargumentomits/failstoconsider_______

or:

Firstofall,thearguercommitsafallacythatof_____

Inaddition,thevalidityofthesurveyisopentodoubt

Finally,theargumentisbadonagratuitousassumptionthat_____

3.结尾：

Inconclusion,ngthentheconclusionthat___,this

authormustprovideathoroughcost-benefitanalysisofavailablealternativesandrule

outfactorsotherthan___thatmightbeaffectingcurrentprofitsnegatively.

Insum,itlogicallyacceptable,

theauthorwouldhavetoshowthat___.Additionally,theauthormustprovide

evidenceof____.Onlywithmoreconvincingevidencecouldthisargumentbecome

morethanjustanemotionalappeal.

Thus,denceinsupportofconclusion

should____.Ultimately,theargumentmighthavebeenstrengthenedby_____

Theconclusionreachedinthisargumentlackscredibilityinthattheargumentisbad

onanunwarrantedassumptionthat_____.Tostrengthenthisargumentthearguer

shouldprovidemoreevidencetoillustratethat_____.Then,theargumentwillbe

morecredible/convincing.

Theargumentreliesonariesofunsubstantiatedassumptions,whichrenderit

unconvincingasitstands.

辩驳时用一般现在时,复述原文时应与原文时态一致。

逻辑错误与经典句型：

1）无理假设

·Itisunreasonable/unwarrantedtoassumethat…

·Thearguertakesforgrantedandwithoutjustificationthat…

·Theargumentdependsonaquestionableassumptionthat…

2）证据缺失或不足

·Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthatpossibilitythat…

·Thearguerfailstoruleoutthepossibilitythat…

·Thearguerfailstoprovideanysufficientevidencetosupporttheassumptionthat…

·Thearguerignores/neglectsotherrelevantfactorsconcerning…

3）数据错误

·Thestatisticalevidenceofthesurveyuponwhichtheargumentreliesistoovagueto

beinformative.

·Lackingmorespecificinformationaboutbaamount,itisimpossibletoasssthe

reliabilityofthesurvey’sresultsortomakeaninformedrecommendation.

·Fromthesurveyquotedintheargument,however,wefindnosignofsuchprocedure

forrandomsampling,andhavegoodreasonstodoubtifthesampleisreprentative

enoughtoreflectthegeneral____asawhole.

·Thestatisticalresultofthesurveylackscredibilityandthereforedoesnotlendstrong

supporttothearguer’sassumption.

4）因果无关

·Onlyrelyingonphotographsdoesnotguaranteethattheyareleft-handed.

·Usinglefthandinwritingdoesnotmeanthatoneisleft-handed

·Thefactthat________doesnotjustifytheasrtionthat_______

·Thearguerreliesonincorrect/irrelevantdata.

·Thefactthat___doesnotnecessarilyensure/implythat____.

5）急于概括

·Theargumentassumesthatwhatistrueofgroupofpeopletakencollectivelyisalso

trueofanyindividualwithinthatgroup.

·Thearguerassumesthatwhatistrueofagroupasawholeisnecessarilytrueofeach

memberofthatgroup.

·Thearguerattemptstoextractageneralprinciplefromaspecificca.

·___drawsahastyconclusion,badoninadequateevidenceabout____

·Theargumentusafewexceptionalcasasthebasisforaclaimaboutwhatistrue

ingeneral.

·Theargumentattributesacharacteristicofanindividualmemberofagrouptothe

groupasawhole.

6）模糊概念

·Itdoesnotmeanthatitisrelativelylowerbyanationalstandard.

·Whatifthepriceintheyearbeforelastyearwaxcessivelyhigh,thenevenifit

declinedsharplylastyear,itwasstillpossiblymuchhigherthanotherplaces.

·Thereisnohardevidencetoprovethatthereformwillreducecostsgiventhatthe

readingsarenotavailable.

·Afewcomplaintsaboutlowwaterpressurehasalreadyprovedthattheconquence

ofthereformmightbegrave.

·Thesurveyconcerningthesituationofthefirstfloortothefifthfloordoesnotcover

thatofthefloorsabovethefifthwhilelowwaterpressuremightbeanacuteproblem.

·Anyfurtherlinkageofthetwophenomenarequiresmoreevidenceandisnot

justifiedbythedatasofaravailable.

·Comprehensiveanalysisisnecessarytoidentifytheactualcauof_____

·TheargumentsimplyequatesAwithB,whichisunwarranted.

7）错误类比

·Iftheoceanisdestinedtobreachthedike,thenletallitsbitterwaterspourintomy

soul.

·TheargumentfailstotakeintoaccountpossibledifferencesbetweenAandBthat

arerelevantto______.

·However,theproblemisthatthetwosituationsarenotsimilarenoughtojustifythe

analogicaldeduction.

8）非此即彼

·Theauthorisprentingafaldilemmabyimposinganeither-orchoice/fallacy

betweentwocoursofactionthatneednotbemutuallyexclusive.

论证方式：

·例证法:forinstance,forexample

·假设法:suppo,isitbecau

·推测法:itislikelythat…

全文模板：

Inthisargument,thearguerconcludesthat___.Tosupportthisconclusion,thearguer

pointsoutthat___.Inaddition,hereasonsthat___.Furthermore,healsoindicates

that___.Butinmypointofview,thisargumentsuffersfrom___criticalflaws.

Firstproblemwiththeargumentisthat___.

Anotherproblemwiththeargumentisthat___.

Finally,theargumentignoresotherfactors,suchas___.

Sincetheauthorcommitstheabovementionedlogicalmistakesandfailstoconsider

thewholesituationcomprehensively,clusion

wouldbestrengthenedif______.

时间安排：

1、快速审题（2min）

2、开头段（5min）

3、正文提纲（3min）-保证每段的中心句

4、正文（14min）

5、结尾段（3min）

6、检查（3min）

必用经典词

必然类：necessarily,ensure,guarantee,warrant,causal

明显类：conspicuously,obviously,clearly,apparently

怀疑类：doubtable,unconvincing,unacceptable,unwarranted,unfounded,groundless

可能类：possible,probably,likely,thereisagoodchancethat,itismorelikelythat,itiqually

possiblethat

因果类：resultin,resultfrom,therefore,asaresult

转折类：eventhough,however,otherwi

其他类：asweallknow,agreatdealofempiricalevidenceshowsthat,thefacttellsverylittle

about,anotherassumptionshortoflegitimacyisthat