draconian

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西方文明史参考题

I．名词解释：（每卷5题，每题4分）

CivistheAegeanSeaPericles

theEtruscansAntonycolere

um

CleopatrasocialpluralismAchilles

.MegaraLatiumPompey

reprentativebodiesOdysusAeschylus

patricianprincepstheclassicallegacy

HellenicAristophanesplebeian

thePrincipateindividualismAcropolis

MyronRomulusimperator

westernChristianityHelotsXerxes

fascesCiceroEuropeanlanguages

AreopagusThucydidestribune

OvidSemitesarchon

HerodotusdecemvirsLivy

parationofspiritualandtemporalauthorityagoraBrutusandCassius

theParthenonconsulpontifexmaximus

MesopotamiaSolonPlato

equestrianamphitheateHelladicperiod

al

Romanrotundaoligarchyyeomen

DiogenesgrmmaticusApostolicSuccession

theIoniansDraconianthePeripatos

popularesPantheontheDorians

PisistratusConstitutionoftheAtheniansoptimates

theEucharistCreteZeus

PhilipofMacedonLaocoontheOstrogoths

theMinoansApolloElementsofGeometry

MariustheVisigothAgamemnon

omo

tetrarchyTroyHera

SullaNerotheVulgate

GreekDarkAgesAthenaGraeco-Roman

traditionSpartacus

II.简答题（每卷3题，每题10分）

Hatiscivilization?

WhywasCimonostracized?

HowdidtheRomanstreattheconqueredaftertheconquestofItaly?

Whatisthedifferencebetweencultureandcivilization?

ExplaintheDelianLeague.

WhatwaducationlikeintheearlycenturiesoftheRomanRepubli

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Doyouthinkthecityplaysavitalroleinthedevelopmentofcivilization?

ExplaintheThirtyYears’Peace.

WhydidSullamarchwithhistroopsonRome?

Whataresomeofthetheoriesofcivilization?

HowdidAthensformtheAthenianEmpire?

HowdidCrassusachievehispoliticaleminenceinRome?

WhydidWesterncivilizationutobecalledWesternChristendom?

HowdidthedemocracyworkduringtheperiodoftheAthenianEmpire?

CommentontheformationoftheFirstTriumvirate.

WhatbasisdidthetraditionoftheruleoflawlayinWesterncivilization?

WhowerethemaincompetitorsforleadershipoftheGreekworldaftertheGreatPeloponnesianWar.

OnwhatpowersdidGaiusJuliusCaesar’ssupremepoliticalpositionrest?

CanyoutracebacktotherootsofWesterncivilization?

CommentontheSophists

WhywasGaiusJuliusCaesarassassinated?

Explainclassicalcivilization.

ExplaintheHippocraticOath.

WhatimplicationsdidOctavian’stitle“Augustus”carry?

WhatdowecallMycenaean?

TalkaboutthedifferencebetweentheAcademyandtheLyceum.

HowdidOctavianbecomeRome’sfirstemperor?

CommentonDraco’slaws.

ExplaintheHellenisticAge.

CommentonthelastcenturyoftheRomanRepublicandtheAugustanAgeasthehighpointofRomanculture.

ExplainIliadandOdysy.

CommentonAlexandertheGreat.

ExplainAeneid.

ExplainIliadandOdysy.

CommentonAlexandertheGreat.

.ExplainAeneid.

WhatwereHomer’sgodslike?

Explaintheheliocentrictheory.

ExplaintheDayofJudgement.

Definetheconceptofpolis.

Explainthecuriateasmbly

ExplainSermonontheMount.

Explainthehoplitephalanx.

Explainthecenturiateassmbly.

HowdidRomebecomeacenteroftheearlyChristianChurch?

ExplainthePeloponnesianLeague.

CommentonthepowerofconsulshipduringtheearlyRomanRepublic.

DescribeandcommentonwhathappenedbetweenAmbro(bishopofMilan)andEmperorTheodosiusin390.

WhyisClisthenescalledthefatherofAtheniandemocracy?

ExplaintheTwelveTables.

CommentontheAthanasiansandtheArians.

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InwhattraditionwerethemodernOlympicGamesoriginated?

Whatwerethebasicresponsibilitiesoftheofficeofpraetor?

ExplaintheLatinDoctors.

ExplainthecultofDelphianAppolo.

HowwasdemocracydefinedinGreekterms?

WhatroledidtheRomanSenateplaywhenGaiusJuliusCaesarwasinpower?

.ExplainthecultofDionysus.

CommentontheslaveryinclassicalGreece.

OnwhatpowersdidGaiusJuliusCaesar’ssupremepoliticalpositionrest?

ExplaintheOrphiccult

WhatwastheaftermathoftheGreekvictoryoverthePersiansinthePersianwars

WhywasGaiusJuliusCaesarassassinated?

III．论述题：（每卷2题，每题25分）

Whydoyouthinkcivilizationisinparablefromculture?

Whatwas“thestruggleoftheorders”?Whatmethodsdidplebeiansutogetwhattheywanted?

WhatmakestheWestwestern?

HowwasRomansocietydifferentafter“thestruggleoftheorders”ended?

CommentonthefoundationsofWesterncivilizationintheancientworld.

WhydidRomansandCarthaginiansclashintheFirstandSecondPunicWars?

HowdoyourviewtheinfluenceofWesterncivilizationandcultureonthemodernworld?

WhatproblemsdidtheRomanvictoryinthePunicWarscreateforRome?

CommentonthegenerallyacceptedviewthatWesterncivilizationwasoriginatedinclassicalcivilization.

rethemotivesforandstagesintheexpansionofRomanterritory?

WhydidtheGreeksconsiderthepolisauniqueandvaluableinstitution?

HowwasRomeabletoconquerandcontrolItaly?

CommentontheperiodofreconstructionandreorganizationfromDiocletiantoConstantine.

Howdidthefundamentalpolitical,social,andeconomicinstitutionsofAthensandSpartacompareabout500B.C.?

HowdidRome’sdesiresforcurity,wealth,power,andfameshapeitsrelationswithGreeceandAsiaMinorin

thecondcenturyB.C.?

CommentonSparta’suniqueformsofgovernmentandsocietyabout500B.C.

Whatsocial,economic,andpoliticalproblemsdidItalyhaveinthecondcenturyB.C.?

WhydidtheancientGreeksdevelopasystemofthecity-state,notformaunifiedcountry?

Whatreformprogram

whydiditfail?

WhatisthesignificanceoftheHomericepics?

TowhatextentwastheRomanRepublicdestroyedbyambitiousgeneralswholovedpowermorethanRomeitlf?

CommentonHomericsociety.

HowdidAugustusalterRome’sconstitutionandgovernment?

CommentonthereligionandOlympiangodsinarchaicGreece?

WhatsolutionsdidAugustusprovidefortheproblemsthathadplaguedtheRomanRepublic?

weretheGreeksabletodefeatthePersians?

WhyweretheRomanpeoplewillingtoacceptAugustusastheirheadofstate?

WhydidAthensandSpartacometoblowsintheGreatPeloponnesianWar?

HowdidtheliteratureintheGoldenAgeofAugustusdifferfromthatoftheSilverAgeduringthefirstand

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SecondcenturiesA.D.?

Whatwaachside’sstrategyforvictoryintheGreatPeloponnesianWar?

WhatcontributionsdidthepoetryofVergilandHoracemaketothestabilizationofAugustus’simperial

systemofgovernment?

InwhatwayswerethetensionsthatcharacterizedGreeklifeintheClassicalPeriodreflectedinitsart,

literature,andphilosophy

DiscusstheearlydevelopmentofChristianityinRome.

HowdoesHellenisticartdifferfromthatoftheClassicalPeriod?

WhywereChristiansatfirstpercutedbyRomanauthorities?

HowandwhydidPhilipIIconquerGreecebetween359and338B.C.?

WhatenabledChristianstoacquireenormouspopularitybythefourthcenturyA.D.?

WhatwerethemajorconquencesoftheearlydeathofAlexandertheGreat?

HowdidChristianityemergeasthestatereligioninRome?

CommentonAlexandertheGreatasapromoterofGreekcivilization.