one sweet day

ThanksgivingDay

giving

DayisthemosttrulyAmericanofthenationalHolidaysintheUnited

Statesandismostclolyconnectedwiththeearliesthistoryofthe

country.

ThepatternoftheThanksgivingcelebrationhasneverchanged

dinnertable,peoplewillfindapples,oranges,chestnuts,walnuts,grapes,

tandmostattractiveamongthemare

vebeenthemosttraditionaland

favoritefoodonThanksgivingDay.

感恩节是在11月的第四个星期四，是美国国定假日中最地道、

最美国式的节日，而且它和早期美国历史最为密切相关。

感恩节庆祝模式许多年来从未改变。丰盛的家宴早在几个月之

前就开始着手准备。人们在餐桌上可以吃到苹果、桔子、栗子、胡桃

和葡萄，以及各种其它食物。其中最妙和最吸引人的大菜是烤火鸡和

南瓜馅饼，这些菜一直是感恩节中最富于传统意义和最受人喜爱的食

品。

Almosteverycultureintheworldhasheldcelebrationsofthanksfora

ricanThanksgivingholidaybeganasafeastof

thanksgivingintheearlydaysoftheAmericancoloniesalmostfour

hundredyearsago.

In1620,aboatfilledwithmorethanonehundredpeoplesailedacross

theAtlanticOceantottleintheNewWorld（新大陆）.Thisreligious

grouphadbeguntoquestionthebeliefsoftheChurchofEnglandandthey

grimsttledinwhatisnowthestate

hadarrivedtoolatetogrowmanycrops,andwithoutfreshfood,halfthe

lowingspringtheIroquoisIndians（美国

纽约州东北部易洛魁族印第安人）taughtthemhowtogrowcorn,anewfood

owedthemothercropstogrowintheunfamiliar

soilandhowtohuntandfish.

Intheautumnof1621,bountifulcropsofcorn,barley（大麦）,beansand

onistshadmuchtobethankfulfor,so

vitedthelocalIndianchiefand90Indians.

TheIndiansbroughtdeertoroastwiththeturkeysandotherwildgame

onistshadlearnedhowtocook

cranberriesanddifferentkindsofcornandsquashdishesfromtheIndians.

TothisfirstThanksgiving,theIndianshadevenbroughtpopcorn.

Infollowingyears,manyoftheoriginalcolonistscelebratedtheautumn

harvestwithafeastofthanks.

AftertheUnitedStatesbecameanindependentcountry,Congress

recommendedoneyearlydayofthanksgivingforthewholenationto

WashingtonsuggestedthedateNovember26as

1863,attheendofalongandbloodycivilwar,

AbrahamLincolnaskedallAmericanstotasidethelastThursdayin

Novemberasadayofthanksgiving.

ThanksgivingfallsonthefourthThursdayofNovember,adifferentdate

sidentmustproclaimthatdateastheofficial

celebration.

theylivefar

away,familymembersgatherforareunionatthehouofanolderrelative.

Allgivethankstogetherforthegoodthingsthattheyhave.

Inthisspiritofsharing,civicgroupsandcharitableorganizationsoffer

atraditionalmealtothoinneed,

tablesthroughouttheUnitedStates,foodatenatthefirstthanksgiving

havebecometraditional.

SymbolsofThanksgiving

Turkey,corn,pumpkinsandcranberrysauce（酸果曼沙司）aresymbolswhich

ofthesymbolsaredrawnon

ofcornmeantthesurvival

ofthecolonies."Indiancorn"asatableordoordecorationreprents

theharvestandthefallason.

Sweet-sourcranberrysauce,orcranberryjelly,wasonthefirst

nberryisasmall,

sinbogs（沼泽）,ormuddyareas,inMassachutts

iansudthefruittotreat

ught

thecolonistshowtocooktheberrieswithsweetener（甜味佐料）andwater

ianscalledit"ibimi"whichmeans"bitterberry."

Whenthecolonistssawit,theynamedit"crane-berry"becautheflowers

oftheberrybentthestalkover,anditrembledthelong-neckedbird

riesarestillgrowninNewEngland.

In1988,aThanksgivingceremonyofadifferentkindtookplaceatthe

anfourthousandpeoplegathered

hemwereNativeAmericansreprenting

tribesfromalloverthecountryanddescendantsofpeoplewhoancestors

hadmigratedtotheNewWorld.

TheceremonywasapublicacknowledgmentoftheIndians'roleinthefirst

ecentlymostschoolchildrenbelieved

thatthePilgrimscookedtheentireThanksgivingfeast,andofferedit

,thefeastwasplannedtothanktheIndiansfor

ttheIndians,thefirst

ttlerswouldnothavesurvived.

ThanksgivingorThanksgivingDay,isanannualtraditionintheUnited

otbecomeafederalholidayuntil1941.

Thanksgivingwashistoricallyareligiousobrvationtogivethanksto

God.

感恩节是美国的传统节日，1863年就开始延续，到1941年载入联邦法案，成为

法定公众假日。历史上，感恩节是为了感谢上帝而诞生的节日。现在，它是美国

人的“中秋”——家人、朋友会在这一天好好团聚。

IntheUnitedStates,certainkindsoffoodaretraditionallyrvedatThanksgivingmeals.

Firstly,bakedorroastedturkeyisusuallythefeatureditemonanyThanksgivingfeast

table(somuchsothatThanksgivingissometimesreferredtoas"TurkeyDay").Stuffing,

mashedpotatoeswithgravy,sweetpotatoes,cranberrysauce,sweetcorn,otherfall

vegetables,

theareactuallynativetotheAmericasorwereintroducedasanewfoodsourcetothe

ternativetoturkey,manyvegetariansorveganat

Tofurky,ameatlessturkeymadeoftofu.

在美国，感恩节有一些固定的传统食品。首先，烤火鸡肯定是不能少的，每家桌上都有，甚

至有人叫改感恩节为火鸡节（啊……好像近年来大家把端午节叫“粽子节”）。馅料、卤汁

土豆泥、红薯、红莓酱、甜玉米、其他秋季蔬菜和南瓜派，都是感恩节餐桌上必不可少的菜

色。所有这些食物，其实都是美洲本地产的，之后才慢慢融入欧洲移民的生活。对于那些素

食主义者，他们也有火鸡吃哦！他们的火鸡是特制的、用豆腐做成的呢！

06.感恩节风俗——花车游行是怎样的？

InNewYorkCity,theMacy'sThanksgivingDayParadeisheldannuallyevery

ThanksgivingDayfromtheUpperWestSideofManhattantoMacy'sflagshipstorein

HeraldSquare,adefeaturesparadefloatswith

specificthemes,scenesfromBroadwayplays,largeballoonsofcartooncharactersand

TVpersonalities,atthattraditionallyendsthe

Macy'sParadeistheSantaClausfloat,thearrivalofwhichisanunofficialsignofthe

beginningoftheChristmasason.

在纽约，花车游行是这个都会中感恩节的传统项目。从上东区一路到先驱广场，整场游行由

NBC全国转播。游行中有不同主题的巨型气球，比如百脑汇经典、卡通人物、电视人物等

等，同时还有高中行进乐队一路相随。游行的最后一般由一个圣诞老人的气球收尾，标志着

圣诞季节的到来。

07.感恩节为啥都要看橄榄球？

AmericanfootballisanimportantpartofmanyThanksgivingcelebrationsintheUnited

ional

FootballLeaguehasplayedgamesonThanksgivingeveryyearsinceitscreation;the

traditionisreferredtoastheThanksgivingClassic.

美式橄榄球是另一个感恩节传统。职业联盟会在感恩节进行一场大赛，这是自NFL（美式

橄榄球联盟）创办以来的传统。

感恩节和“黑色星期五”有什么关系？

TheFridayafterThanksgiving,althoughnotaFederalholiday,isaholidayformany

companies,pularly

knownasBlackFriday,so-calledbecauoftheheavyshoppingtrafficonthatday.

Anotherreasonfortheterm'BlackFriday'isthatmanystoresreachsalesnumbersthat

takethemoutoftheredand(hopefully)keepthemintheblackfortherestofthefiscal

ridayisconsideredtobethestartoftheChristmasshoppingason.

紧随感恩节之后的那个星期五，虽然不是公众假期，但很多企业和学校在这天都放假——除

了零售行业。因为这一天是圣诞打折季正式开始的第一天，通常都会有很多人抢购，所以这

天的交通状况都很差，因而被人们称为“黑色星期五”。还有另外一个原因就是这一天零售业

都业绩飙升，财政从赤字变为黑字（意为盈利），所以叫“黑色星期五”。

.Introduction

ThanksgivingDay,legalholidayobrvedannuallyintheUnitedStatesonthefourth

da,ThanksgivingfallsonthecondMondayinOctober.

MostpeoplecelebrateThanksgivingbygatheringwithfamilyorfriendsforaholidayfeast.

ThanksgivingwasfirstcelebratedbyPilgrimsandNativeAmericansincolonialNew

ualorigin,however,probablytracestoharvest

festivalsthathavebeentraditionalinmanypartsoftheworldsinceancienttimes(e

FestivalsandFeasts).TodayThanksgivingismainlyacelebrationofdomesticlife,

centeredonthehomeandfamily.

sandSymbolsPrintction

PublicobrvancesofThanksgivingusuallyemphasizetheholiday'sconnectionwiththe

givingpageantsandparadesoftenfeaturechildrendresdinPilgrim

costume,completewithbonnetsortallhats,darkclothes,andshoeswithlarge

silver-coloredbuckles.

ManyoftheimagescommonlyassociatedwithThanksgivingarederivedfrommucholder

mple,thecornucopia(ahorn-shaped

basketoverflowingwithfruitsandvegetables)isatypicalemblemofThanksgiving

mmunitiesalsodecoratetheir

churcheswithfruits,flowers,andvegetablesatThanksgiving,muchasEuropean

communitieshaveforcenturiesduringtheautumnharvestason.

Inkeepingwiththeideaofcelebratingaplentifulharvest,preparingandeatingalarge

mealisacentralpartofmostThanksgivingcelebrations.

izingthe

roupsof

immigrantstoNorthAmericaoftenadaptedthetraditionalholidaymenutofittheirown

mple,manyItalianAmericanThanksgivingmealsincludeItalianspecialties,

suchaspastaandwine.

ManyAmericansdigesttheirholidaymealwhilewatchingfootballgamesontelevision.

Traditionally,twoNationalFootballLeague(NFL)teams,theDetroitLionsandtheDallas

Cowboys,ewershipoftheholidaygameshas

madefootballanAmericanThanksgivingtradition.

s

LongbeforeEuropeansttledinNorthAmerica,westernEuropeansobrvedHarvest

Homefestivalstocelebratethesuccessfulcompletionofgathering-intheason'scrops.

IntheBritishIsles,LammasDay(LoafMassDay),obrvedonAugust1,wasoftenheld

heatcropwasdisappointing,theholidaywas

usuallycanceled.

AnotherimportantprecursortothemodernThanksgivingholidaywasthecustomamong

EnglishPuritans(ePuritanism)ofdesignatingspecialdaysofthanksgivingtoexpress

gratitudeforGod'brvanceswerenotheldregularly;theyusually

tookplaceonlyintimesofcrisisorimmediatelyafteraperiodofmisfortunehadpasd.

Puritanthanksgivingceremonieswereriousreligiousoccasionsandboreonlya

passingremblancetomodernThanksgivingcelebrations.

anThanksgivings

Accordingtotradition,thefirstAmericanThanksgivingwascelebratedin1621bythe

EnglishPilgrimswhohadfoundedthePlymouthColony,nowinthestateof

grimsmarkedtheoccasionbyfeastingwiththeirNativeAmerican

guests—membersoftheWampanoagtribe—whobroughtgiftsoffoodasagestureof

ghthiventwasanimportantpartofAmericancolonialhistory,thereis

noevidencethatanyoftheparticipantsthoughtofthefeastasathanksgivingcelebration.

Twoyearslater,duringaperiodofdrought,adayoffastingandprayerwaschangedto

llythecustom

prevailedamongNewEnglanderstoannuallycelebrateThanksgivingaftertheharvest.

Colonialgovernmentsand,later,stategovernmentstookupthePuritancustomof

llythe

traditionofholdingannualthanksgivingholidaysspreadthroughoutNewEnglandandinto

theAmericanRevolution(1775-1783)theContinentalCongress

proclaimedanationaldayofthanksgivingfollowingtheAmericanvictoryattheBattleof

entGeorgeWashingtonproclaimedanotherdayof

thanksgivingi

1817NewYorkStateadoptedThanksgivingDayasanannualcustom,andmanyother

thestatecelebrationswereheldinNovember,butnot

alwaysonthesameday.

Inthemid-19thcenturySarahJophaHale,editorofGodey'sLadiesBook,leda

1863,duringtheAmerican

CivilWar(1861-1865),PresidentAbrahamLincolnproclaimedthelastThursdayin

NovemberThanksgivingDayinordertobolstertheUnion'hewar,

CongresstablishedThanksgivingasanationalholiday,butwidespreadnational

uthernerssawthenewholidayasan

r,inthelate19thcentury

Thanksgiving'mphasisonhomeandfamilyappealedtomanypeoplethroughoutthe

tinctlyAmericanholiday,Thanksgivingwasalsoconsideredan

introductiontoAmericanvaluesforthemillionsofimmigrantsthenenteringthecountry.

Duringthe20thcentury,asthepopulationoftheUnitedStatesbecameincreasinglyurban,

after

ThanksgivinggraduallybecameknownasthefirstdayoftheChristmasshoppingason.

Toattractcustomers,largeretailerssuchasMacy'sinNewYorkCityandGimbel'sin

Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,1934theMacy'sparade,

featuringrichlydecoratedfloatsandgiganticballoons,attractedmorethanonemillion

spectatorsannually.

ThecustomofwatchingfootballgamesonThanksgivingDayalsoevolvedduringthe

ballbecameincreasinglypopularinthe1920s

and1930s,nthe

NationalFootballLeagueeventuallyestablishedtraditionsofplayingnationallytelevid

gamesonThanksgivingafternoon.

entFranklinRooveltshiftedthedayofThanksgivingfromthelast

merchantshadpetitionedthepresident

tomakethechangetoallowforanextraweekofshoppingbetweenThanksgivingand

ericansobjectedtothechangeintheirholidaycustomsand

elt's

politicalopponentsinCongressalsooppodthebreakwithtraditionanddubbedthe

earlyholiday"Franksgiving."InMay1941Rooveltadmittedthathehadmadeamistake

andsignedabillthatestablishedthefourthThursdayofNovemberasthenational

Thanksgivingholiday,whichithasbeeneversince.

eCanadaisnorthoftheUnited

States,ingly,theThanksgivingholidayfalls

adianParliamenttasideNovember

1957thedatewasshiftedtoaneven

earlierday,tothecondMondayinOctober.

ThanksgivingDayisaholidaycelebratedinAmericaonthefourthThursdayof

'satimewhenfamiliescometogethertohavealargefamilymealand

didThanksgivingDayin

theUnitedStatesstartinthefirstplace?

In1621,GovernorWilliamBradfordofthePlymouthColonycreateda"dayof

thanksgivingandprayer"tocelebratethePilgrims'

thetime,ChiefMassasoit,theleaderofanativeAmericantribe~,wasinvitedto

jointhePilgrimsatPlymouthforthreedaysofcelebrationfortheirgoodharvest.

Why?Oftheroughly~100Englishttlerswhohadspenttheirfirstyearonthe

Massachuttscoast,theirgoodharvest

wouldmakeitpossibleforthemtosurvivethenextwinter.

Peoplehavehadthekindsofcelebrationsforthousandsofyearsaround

heydoit?Mostpeoplewanttocelebratetheendoftheharvest

andpayhonourtotheforces,bothnaturalandman-made,whichcaudthecropsto

untrieshavecreatedadayofthanksgivingwhichiscelebratedevery

year.

IntheUnitedStates,oneofthefirstgeneralproclamationsregardinga

nationaldayofthanksgivingwasmadeinCharlestown,Massachuttsin1676.

PresidentGeorgeWashingtonin1789issuedthefirstpresidentialThanksgivingDay

inhonourofthenewconstitution~.Duringthe19thcenturyanincreasingnumber

ofstatesobrvedthedayeveryyear,buteachstatecho'itsownday.

PresidentAbrahamLincoln,onOctober3,1863,madeapresidential

p

AmericanpresidenteversincehasmadesimilarproclamationsuntilFranklinD

Roovelt,whoin1939appointedthethirdThursdayofNovemberanationaldayof

Thanksgiving,primarily~schangedtwo

yearslaterbyboththeUSCongress~andthepresidenttothefourthThursdayof

givingDayremainsadaywhenmanyexpressgratitudeforthefamily

andgoodthingstheyhave.