jenny mccarthy

电子烟依然存在二手烟

最开始，人们对电子烟十分好奇，声称其响应了无烟政策——由于电子烟不会产生有害

烟雾。现在，已经有许多电子烟工厂应运而生。但是，电子烟是否真的安全？现在的问题在

于电子烟是否比传统香烟危害更少。

电子烟是电子产品，有着与传统香烟一样的外观，也像香烟一样能吸出烟。医学专家称，

吸电子烟是为了让人们戒烟。但由于比一般香烟的口味要多出很多，甚至还有水果味的。那

些不抽烟的人也开始喜欢抽烟了。而且吸电子烟不受约束，相对于传统香烟一年的花费，电

子烟的花费少了将近一半。

专家称，电子烟也许比传统香烟安全，但这并不意味着绝对安全。吸电子烟时所产生的

不是烟，而直接是雾气，直接地，更快速地进入肺部，心脏，甚至大脑中。一旦成瘾，癌症

发病几率，先天畸型，发育障碍几率便会增加。2006年《妇产科学杂志》研究表明，嚼尼

古丁口香糖的孕妇比不嚼的孕妇生产风险更高。

目前，电子烟的制造还不甚完善，对身体的危害还处于未知状态。上个月《成瘾行为》

研究表明多数利用电子烟想要戒烟的人，最终要么吸电子烟成瘾，要么又开始抽烟。科学家

发现电子烟对戒烟并没有多大帮助。因为吸烟着普遍都有这种心理矛盾——想要利用抽烟来

缓解自己的矛盾的心理。

一些科学家认为，电子烟或许能帮一些人戒烟，但是从广义上来讲，吸电子烟依然有尼

古丁，同样没有达到香烟制造商所说的制造更干净，更环保，更健康的社会。那么电子烟里

面究竟含哪些成分呢？现在还不清楚。由于电子烟缺乏有系统的临床实验数据支持，也没有

系统的管理条例，这项新技术还不能有效的管理。新西兰号召规范生产和安全销售电子烟，

美国食品和药物管理局计划根据《烟草控制法》规范推广烟制品。

E-CigarettesJustMoreSmokeandMirrors,DoctorsSay

Atfirst,electroniccigaretteswereanovelty—somethingabraggartinabar

mightpufftochallengetheestablishedno-smokingpolicy,marvelingbystanderswith

thefactthatthesmokereleadfromthedevicewasmerelyharmlessvapor.

Now,e-cigarettesarepoidtobeabillion-dollarindustry,claimedasthe

solutiontobringinsmokersfromoutofthecold,bothfigurativelyandliterally,as

e-cigarettespromitoliftthestigmaofsmokingandareincreasinglypermittedat

indoorfacilitieswheresmokingisbanned.

So,aree-cigarettessafe?Well,they'renotgreatforyou,'sbeing

debatedisthedegreetowhichtheyarelessdangerousthantraditionalcigarettes.

1940revisited

E-cigarettesarebattery-powereddevices,oftenshapedliketraditionalcigarettes,

withaheatingelementthatvaporizesaliquidnicotinesolution,whichmustbe

neisinhaledintothelungs,andalargely

gane-cigaretteiscalledvaping.

Yettheindustry'sduplicityiscleartomedicalexperts:E-cigarettesaremarketed

tosmokersasameanstoweanthemoffoftobacco(althoughstudiesshowtheydon't

helpmuch);yetthesamedevices,somewithfruityflavors,aremarketedtoyoung

peoplewhodon'tsmoke,whichcouldgetthemhooked.

Hooked?Yes,e-cigarettesareanicotine-deliverysystem,highlyaddictiveand

ultimatelyharmfulbecauoftheirnicotine.

Cancerandrespiratoryexpertsethesameploybeingplayedouttodaywith

e-cigarettesaswasdoneinthe1940swithcigarettes,whenAmericastartedsmoking

tenaredistributedforfreeandpitchedbycelebritiesandeven

doctorsascool,liberatingandsafe.

InanadforaproductcalledblueCigs,celebrityJennyMcCarthy,infamousfor

encouragingparentsnottovaccinatetheirchildren,encouragesyoungadultstovape,

enlistingwordssuchas"freedom"herad,forV2Cigs,

amedicaldoctornamedMatthewHuebner—whoisprentedwithoutaffiliationbut

isassociatedwithaClevelandClinicfacilityinWeston,Fla.—impliesthatvapingis

asharmlessasboilingwater.

Asforthenotionofe-cigsasliberating,thecostofayear'sworthofe-cigarette

nicotinecartridgesisabout$600,comparedwith$1,000yearlyforahalf-packaday

ofregularcigarettes.

Asforwhetherthey'resafe,it'samatterofcomparingtheadvantagesofone

addictionoveranother.

E-cigarettesnotapatch

s

saytheyareprobablysafer,butsaferdoesn'tmeansafe.

"Cigaretteshavetheirriskprofile,"eone,apulmonaryexpertat

tabout

everyonewhobreathesunderstandstherisks:circulatorydiaandmyriadcancers,

forstarters."tdoesn't

meantheydon'thavetheirownriskprofile."

Atopconcernisthenicotinedeliveryrate,cotinepatchesand

gum,thenicotinedeliveryisregulated,withsmallamountsofnicotinerelead

htraditionalcigarettesandnowe-cigarettes,heat

createsafreebaformofnicotinethatismoreaddictive—orwhatsmokerswould

otinegoesrightintothelungs,whereitisquickly

channeledintotheheartandthenpumpedintothebrain.

Onceaddicted,houghnicotineisn'tthemost

dangeroustoxinintobacco'sarnal,thischemicalneverthelessisacancer-promoting

agent,andisassociatedwithbirthdefectsanddevelopmentaldisorders.

Astudypublishedin2006inthejournalObstetricsandGynecology,forexample,

foundthatwomenwhochewednicotinegumduringpregnancyhadahigherriskof

birthdefectscomparedtoothernonsmokers.

Greatunknowns

Thisgreatunknownofpossiblenegativehealtheffects,alongwiththelackof

regulationofe-cigarettes,ductscomebereftof

ypregnantwomenwillvapefollowingMcCarthy's

promotion?

Asfortheirmeritsinsmokingcessation,e-cigarettesdon'tappearveryhelpful.A

studypublishedlastmonthinthejournalAddictiveBehaviorsfoundthatmost

smokerswhoudthemwhiletheytriedtoquiteitherbecamehookedonvaping,or

publishedNov.16inthejournalThe

Lancetfoundnostatisticallysignificantdifferenceinthemeritsofthee-cigaretteover

thenicotinepatchintermsofhelpingpeoplequit.

Leonesaidthate-cigarettesmightnothelppeoplequitsmokingbecauthe

devicekeepsaddictsinastateofambivalence—theillusionofdoingsomething

positivetomitigatetheguiltthatcomesfromsmoking,butallthewhilemaintaining

theritualofsmoking.

TheJennyMcCarthyblueCigsadhintsatthisnotion,withsuchphrasas

"smarteralternativetocigarettes,""withouttheguilt"and"nowthatIswitched…I

feelbetteraboutmylf."

EditorsofTheLancetcalledpromotionofe-cigarettes"amoralquandary"

becauofthispotentialtoreplaceharmfulcigaretteswithsomethingslightlyless

earchersagreethate-cigarettesmighthelp

somepeoplequit,butatapopulationlevel,convertingmillionsofsmokersinto

vapersstilladdictedtonicotinemightnotleadtothecleaner,greener,healthierworld

impliedbye-cigarettemanufacturers.

Andthenthere'stheissueofnotknowingwhat'sinthee-cigarettenicotine

cartridge."It'sanamazingthingtowatchanewproductlikethatjustkindofappear;

there'snoqualitycontrol,"dHurt,directoroftheMayoClinic's

NicotineDependenceCenterinRochester,Minn."Manyofthemaremanufacturedin

Chinaundernocontrolconditions,sothestoryisyettobecompletelytold."

TheauthorsofTheLancetstudy,allbadinNewZealand,calledforcountriesto

dDrug

Administration,whichdoesnotapproveanye-cigarettesfortherapeuticpurpo,said

itplanstopropoaregulationtoextendthedefinitionof"tobaccoproduct"underthe

TobaccoControlActtogainmoreauthoritytoregulateproductssucha-cigarettes.

电子香烟：烟雾重重迷雾层层

电子香烟最初只是酒吧新宠，如今已经发展成数十亿美元的产业，然而，电

子香烟真的安全吗？医生们说，其危害与传统香烟相比，只是程度上的差别。

他们指出电子香烟一方面打着戒烟的旗号，另一方面，却推出各种水果香型，

其中的尼古丁让许多原本不吸烟的人上瘾。在营销上，电子香烟也采用四十年代

传统香烟免费发送、名人广告、医生推广等营销模式，宣传吸烟有魅力、花钱少、

无损健康。

但相对安全并非完全安全，电子香烟的戒烟效果还不如戒烟贴和戒烟糖。后

者通过缓释尼古丁，只让少量成分进入血液，而前者却是让尼古丁直接进入肺部，

再到心脏，到大脑，吸烟者觉得这样更过瘾。尽管尼古丁不是烟草中最危险的毒

素，却依然能引发癌症，导致新生儿缺陷和发育问题。

电子香烟对健康的具体危害还不甚清楚，又由于它能够减轻吸烟者的负罪

感，对戒烟的效果并不明显，其生产也缺乏规范，质量也缺少监控，未知因素还

太多，不少医学专家呼吁各国加强对电子香烟的生产和销售的监管。