2018专四答案

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2022年11月23日发(作者:我想和你好好的豆瓣)

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案

PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE

heachntencetherearefour

optionsmarkedA,B,theonethatbestcompletesthentenceoranswers

uranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

tPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuild

asmooth-sidedpyramid.

nbelievedtohavebeen

ievedtobe

evedtohavebeen

evedtobe

____________eavery

popularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.

ins

taining

ined

nmaintaining

uredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.

ly

ntally

i

onceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof

_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.

zyVirginia

ueVirginia

iahazyblue

iabluehazy

oalleviate__________,butIcannot.

l

,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askilling

andmaiming______________.

ar

____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-nsitivematerial

isalteredwhenexpodtolight.

tbasic

ic

tbasic

ic

edalawyertoinvestigate,from

initiveverbphra

onlytolearnthat

“onlytolearn

Gabrielhadremovedher

”isud__________.

name

essanintendedpurpo

cateahighdegreeofpossibility

alanundesirableconquence

atizeastatedfact

fthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?

rwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.

nedtospeaktothepersonstanding

rkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I

I’mluckybecaumyparentswere

behindhim.

’mgettingterribly

behindmealltheway.

behind.

erwasdeterminedtohelpthoinneedandshe

proudofwhathasbeenachievedthelast20years.

wouldhavebeenimmenly

Theitalicizedpartinthentence

express_______.

hesis

stion

adiction

i

epoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto

___________,theirlawyersudthevideotapeavidenceagainsttheprocution.

e

ony

t

22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeen

stronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.

onably

ly

tiously

bly

haverecentlyrininorderto__________theincreadcostofraw

materials.

.

buoyC.

offerD.

offt

ebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivingany

authorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”

endation

ing

ection

ition

tually__________agoodangle—oragoodlfieoverall—isrootedin

whatweconsiderbeautiful.

ts

tutes

es

ucts

oolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationof

sportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.

.

further

mentary

chers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing

“deplorable”schoolconditions.A.

fired

rchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwater

archaeologicalteam.

s

’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.

ess

ble

cal

l

ng___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaditsanalysis

ofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.

oing

c

me

PARTIVCLOZE

Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassage

eletter

foreachwordonANSWERSHEET.

edness

read

AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.

ghhe

expectedsomereaction,theresponhereceivedwasamazing—holidaycards

addresdtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnor

atmajorityofthowhoreturnedacardneverinquired

ceivedhisholiday

greetingcard,udyshows

theactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearound

us—esaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,

inkind,andoesusafavor,

weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamanndsusabirthdayprent,we

shouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvites

ustoaparty,ue

ofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentof

favors,gifts,invitations,calisitforindebtedness

toaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”

hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutin

othersaswell.

Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthen

sowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercan

reportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthisctiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.

Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand

theonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

(1)TheearliestttlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablish

co

wantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priests

andchurches,toricdecisionsmadebythofirst

sting

thepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,they

dual

dom,Americans

meanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithout

outsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyother

organizedauthority.

(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:

sthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,

achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsaarlyas

possible,usuallybyage18or21.

(3)Acondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntothe

UnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceed

etitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformal

classsystemdevelopedintheU.S.

(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthiqualityofopportunity:

oflifeisenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinorder

tosucceed;ssuresofcompetitioninthelife

,

anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstream

ofAmericanlifeaswellasthowhodo.

(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStates

eofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStates

appearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoektheirfortunes.

Thephra“goingfromragstoriches”

alwealthbecameavaluetotheAmerican

people,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.

(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:

workhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.

Insomeways,materialposssionsareenavidenceofpeople’

Goldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoor

ericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmany

mightthinktherewassometruthinit.

(7),

theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmerican

characterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.

.4emstosuggestthat__________.

ansarebornwithanofcompetition

ssureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork

sfulcompetitionisntialinAmericansociety

itionresultsinequalityofopportunities

fthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuinexplainingAmerican

values?

ison

tion

sanalysis

PASSAGETWO

(1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,Nobel,themanwhoinvented

deadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,

andgaveprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand—

perhapsmostimportantly—peace.

(2)oughmostcountrieshave

asystemofrecognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggood

intheircountries,therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardceremoniesforallkinds

ofthings.

(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilm

industrytotellitlfhowgooditisandanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstars

asthattherearealso

theGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesamething.

(4)Butit’snotonlyfilms---therearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrize

ain,awriterwhowinstheBookerPrizecanexpectto

etheirdifficult,literarynovelhitthebestllerlistsandcompetewiththe

nerPrizeisanawardforBritishcontemporary

artists—eachyearitcauscontroversybyapparentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartists

whodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,puttinganimalsinglasscasor—thisyear

—buildingagardenshed.

(5)Awardsdon’renowawardsforSportsPersonality

oftheYear,forEuropeanFootballeroftheYearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.

Thisemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeople

whoderveit,ortohelppeoplewhodon’tmakealotofmoneycarryontheir

workwithoutworryingaboutfinances,butprofessionalsoccerplayersthedays

certainlyaren’tshortofcash!

(6)Manysmalltownsandcommunitiesallovertheworldalsohavetheirownaward

ceremonies,forlocalwritersorartists,orjustforpeoplewhohavegraduatedfrom

highschoolor,eBritishCouncilhasitsownawards

for“InnovationinEnglishLanguageTeaching”.

(7)Whyhavealltheawardsandceremoniesappearedrecently?Shakespearenever

wonaprize,nordidLeonardoDaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.

(8)Itwouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscouldwin

“patronage”formrichpeople—akingoralordwouldgivetheartistsorscientistsmoneytohave

thempainttheirpalacesorhelpthemdevelopnewwaysof

echangeinsocialsystemsacrosstheworld,thisnolongerhappens.

Alotofscientificrearchisno

weitherfundedbythestateorbyprivatecompanies.

(9)Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaofthisprocess.

(10)However,ilmwinsanOscar,many

morepeoplewillgoandeit,riterwinstheNobelPrize,manymore

roupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisenbyhundredsof

ult?Thegrouplls

lotsmorerecords.

(11)Mostawardceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.

Thismeansthatitisnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardwhobenefits---butalso

awards,forexample,aregreatforpublicizingnotonlymusic,

butalsoMTVitlf!

(12)Onthesurface,itemstobea“Win-win”situation,witheveryonebeing

happy,butletmeaskyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityand

marketingarewinninghere,andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistaking

place?

theauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGolden

GlobesandGrammies(Paras.3&4)

.

iative.

tic.

s.

ingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters?

uldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.

uldturntopopularnovelwriting.

uldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.

uldtrycontroversialformsofart.

fthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6?

ceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.

ceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.

ceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.

ceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.

ingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepast

andthoatprentliesin_____________.

ofwork

alcontact

offunding

status

econcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards________.

emarketratherthanachievements

tobothmarketandpopularity

owhoarereallytalented

ectiveinmakingpeoplepopular

PASSAGETHREE

(1)dsufferedfromahearttrouble,greatcare

tobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband’sdeath.

wastaken

(2)ItwashersisterJophinewhotoldher,band’s

friendRichardswasthere,ewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhen

newsoftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard’snameleadingthe

listof“killed”.Hehadonlytakenthetimetoassurehimlfofitstruthbyacond

telegram.

(3)Sheweptatonce,inhersister’estormofsadnesshadspentitlf

ldhavenoonefollowher.

(4)Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,isshesank,presd

downbyaphysicalexhaustionthathauntedherbodyandemedtoreachinto

hersoul.

(5)iciousbreath

esofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassinging

reachedher,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves).

(6)Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthat

hadmetandpiledabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.

(7)Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,

exceptwhenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditlf

tosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.

(8)Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,wholinesbespokerepressionandeven

therewasadullstareinhereyes,whogazewasfixed

otaglanceofreflection,

butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought.

(9)Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,

wasit?Shedidnotknow;feltit,creeping

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