2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案
PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE
heachntencetherearefour
optionsmarkedA,B,theonethatbestcompletesthentenceoranswers
uranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
tPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuild
asmooth-sidedpyramid.
nbelievedtohavebeen
ievedtobe
evedtohavebeen
evedtobe
____________eavery
popularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.
ins
taining
ined
nmaintaining
uredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.
ly
ntally
i
onceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof
_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.
zyVirginia
ueVirginia
iahazyblue
iabluehazy
oalleviate__________,butIcannot.
l
,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askilling
andmaiming______________.
ar
____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-nsitivematerial
isalteredwhenexpodtolight.
tbasic
ic
tbasic
ic
edalawyertoinvestigate,from
initiveverbphra
onlytolearnthat
“onlytolearn
Gabrielhadremovedher
”isud__________.
name
essanintendedpurpo
cateahighdegreeofpossibility
alanundesirableconquence
atizeastatedfact
fthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?
rwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.
nedtospeaktothepersonstanding
rkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I
I’mluckybecaumyparentswere
behindhim.
’mgettingterribly
behindmealltheway.
behind.
erwasdeterminedtohelpthoinneedandshe
proudofwhathasbeenachievedthelast20years.
wouldhavebeenimmenly
Theitalicizedpartinthentence
express_______.
hesis
stion
adiction
i
epoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto
___________,theirlawyersudthevideotapeavidenceagainsttheprocution.
e
ony
t
22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeen
stronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.
onably
ly
tiously
bly
haverecentlyrininorderto__________theincreadcostofraw
materials.
.
buoyC.
offerD.
offt
ebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivingany
authorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”
endation
ing
ection
ition
tually__________agoodangle—oragoodlfieoverall—isrootedin
whatweconsiderbeautiful.
ts
tutes
es
ucts
oolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationof
sportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.
.
further
mentary
chers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing
“deplorable”schoolconditions.A.
fired
rchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwater
archaeologicalteam.
s
’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.
ess
ble
cal
l
ng___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaditsanalysis
ofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.
oing
c
me
PARTIVCLOZE
Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassage
eletter
foreachwordonANSWERSHEET.
edness
read
AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.
ghhe
expectedsomereaction,theresponhereceivedwasamazing—holidaycards
addresdtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnor
atmajorityofthowhoreturnedacardneverinquired
ceivedhisholiday
greetingcard,udyshows
theactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearound
us—esaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,
inkind,andoesusafavor,
weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamanndsusabirthdayprent,we
shouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvites
ustoaparty,ue
ofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentof
favors,gifts,invitations,calisitforindebtedness
toaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”
hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutin
othersaswell.
Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthen
sowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercan
reportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS
Inthisctiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.
Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand
theonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWER
SHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
(1)TheearliestttlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablish
co
wantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priests
andchurches,toricdecisionsmadebythofirst
sting
thepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,they
dual
dom,Americans
meanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithout
outsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyother
organizedauthority.
(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:
sthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,
achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsaarlyas
possible,usuallybyage18or21.
(3)Acondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntothe
UnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceed
etitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformal
classsystemdevelopedintheU.S.
(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthiqualityofopportunity:
oflifeisenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinorder
tosucceed;ssuresofcompetitioninthelife
,
anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstream
ofAmericanlifeaswellasthowhodo.
(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStates
eofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStates
appearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoektheirfortunes.
Thephra“goingfromragstoriches”
alwealthbecameavaluetotheAmerican
people,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.
(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:
workhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.
Insomeways,materialposssionsareenavidenceofpeople’
Goldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoor
ericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmany
mightthinktherewassometruthinit.
(7),
theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmerican
characterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.
.4emstosuggestthat__________.
ansarebornwithanofcompetition
ssureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork
sfulcompetitionisntialinAmericansociety
itionresultsinequalityofopportunities
fthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuinexplainingAmerican
values?
ison
tion
sanalysis
PASSAGETWO
(1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,Nobel,themanwhoinvented
deadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,
andgaveprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand—
perhapsmostimportantly—peace.
(2)oughmostcountrieshave
asystemofrecognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggood
intheircountries,therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardceremoniesforallkinds
ofthings.
(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilm
industrytotellitlfhowgooditisandanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstars
asthattherearealso
theGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesamething.
(4)Butit’snotonlyfilms---therearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrize
ain,awriterwhowinstheBookerPrizecanexpectto
etheirdifficult,literarynovelhitthebestllerlistsandcompetewiththe
nerPrizeisanawardforBritishcontemporary
artists—eachyearitcauscontroversybyapparentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartists
whodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,puttinganimalsinglasscasor—thisyear
—buildingagardenshed.
(5)Awardsdon’renowawardsforSportsPersonality
oftheYear,forEuropeanFootballeroftheYearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.
Thisemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeople
whoderveit,ortohelppeoplewhodon’tmakealotofmoneycarryontheir
workwithoutworryingaboutfinances,butprofessionalsoccerplayersthedays
certainlyaren’tshortofcash!
(6)Manysmalltownsandcommunitiesallovertheworldalsohavetheirownaward
ceremonies,forlocalwritersorartists,orjustforpeoplewhohavegraduatedfrom
highschoolor,eBritishCouncilhasitsownawards
for“InnovationinEnglishLanguageTeaching”.
(7)Whyhavealltheawardsandceremoniesappearedrecently?Shakespearenever
wonaprize,nordidLeonardoDaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.
(8)Itwouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscouldwin
“patronage”formrichpeople—akingoralordwouldgivetheartistsorscientistsmoneytohave
thempainttheirpalacesorhelpthemdevelopnewwaysof
echangeinsocialsystemsacrosstheworld,thisnolongerhappens.
Alotofscientificrearchisno
weitherfundedbythestateorbyprivatecompanies.
(9)Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaofthisprocess.
(10)However,ilmwinsanOscar,many
morepeoplewillgoandeit,riterwinstheNobelPrize,manymore
roupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisenbyhundredsof
ult?Thegrouplls
lotsmorerecords.
(11)Mostawardceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.
Thismeansthatitisnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardwhobenefits---butalso
awards,forexample,aregreatforpublicizingnotonlymusic,
butalsoMTVitlf!
(12)Onthesurface,itemstobea“Win-win”situation,witheveryonebeing
happy,butletmeaskyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityand
marketingarewinninghere,andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistaking
place?
theauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGolden
GlobesandGrammies(Paras.3&4)
.
iative.
tic.
s.
ingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters?
uldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.
uldturntopopularnovelwriting.
uldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.
uldtrycontroversialformsofart.
fthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6?
ceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.
ceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.
ceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.
ceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.
ingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepast
andthoatprentliesin_____________.
ofwork
alcontact
offunding
status
econcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards________.
emarketratherthanachievements
tobothmarketandpopularity
owhoarereallytalented
ectiveinmakingpeoplepopular
PASSAGETHREE
(1)dsufferedfromahearttrouble,greatcare
tobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband’sdeath.
wastaken
(2)ItwashersisterJophinewhotoldher,band’s
friendRichardswasthere,ewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhen
newsoftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard’snameleadingthe
listof“killed”.Hehadonlytakenthetimetoassurehimlfofitstruthbyacond
telegram.
(3)Sheweptatonce,inhersister’estormofsadnesshadspentitlf
ldhavenoonefollowher.
(4)Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,isshesank,presd
downbyaphysicalexhaustionthathauntedherbodyandemedtoreachinto
hersoul.
(5)iciousbreath
esofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassinging
reachedher,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves).
(6)Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthat
hadmetandpiledabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.
(7)Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,
exceptwhenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditlf
tosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.
(8)Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,wholinesbespokerepressionandeven
therewasadullstareinhereyes,whogazewasfixed
otaglanceofreflection,
butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought.
(9)Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,
wasit?Shedidnotknow;feltit,creeping
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