occupywallstreet

阅读理解第四篇：

Howeverattractivethefiguresmaylookonpaper,inthelongrunthesuccessor

eagreementhasbeen

signedandtheaccountantshavedeparted,therealproblemsmayonlyjustbe

eisacultureclashbetweenthetwocompaniesinthewaytheir

peoplework,thenalltheeffortsofthefinanciersandlawyerstostrikeadeal

mayhavebeeninvain.

AccordingtoChrisBoltonofKSManagementConsultants,70%ofmergersfail

toliveuptotheirpromiofshareholdervalue,riotthroughanyfailurein

economictermsbutbecautheintegrationofpeopleisunsuccessful.

Corporates,heexplains,concentratetheireffortsbeforeamergeronlegal,

ployarangeofexpertstoobtainthe

nattheearlystages,peopleissues

engthsandweaknessofboth

organisationsshouldbeassdand,ifitisamergerofequals,thencareful

thoughtshouldbegiventowhichpersonnel,fromwhichside,shouldtakeonthe

keyroles.

Thiswastheissuein2001whenthepropodmergerbetweentwo

pharmaceuticalcompaniespromidtocreateoneofthelargestplayersinthe

hcompaniesthemergerwasintendedtoreverfallingmarket

r,althoughthecompanies'skillbas

werecompatible,thechiefexecutivesofthetwocompaniescouldnotagree

lustratestheneedto

compromiifamergeristotakeplace.

Buteveninmergersthatdogoahead,to

avoidthisistoworkwithfocusgroupstoehowemployeesviewtheexisting

xample,wheretwoglobalorganisationsin

thefoodctorwereplanningtomerge,focusgroupsdiscoveredthatthe

sales-focud,knew

ergot

involvedinlengthydiscussions,tryingoutoptionsmethodicallyandmaking

strespondedquicklytochangesinthemarketplace;

thecondtooklonger,buttheoptioniteventuallychowasusuallythe

rcompany'sapproachwouldhaveworkedfortheother.

Theanswerisnottoadoptonecompany'sapproach,oreventotryto

incorporateeveryaspectofbothorganisations,buttocreateatotallynew

anstakingthebestfrombothsidesandmakinganew

ablythere

chintotheimpact

ofmergershasfoundthatcompanieswithdifferingmanagementstylesarethe

onesthatneedtoworkhardestatcreatinganewculture.

Anothertoolthatcanhelptogettherightculturalmixisinterculturalanalysis.

Thisinvolvescarryingoutrearchthatlooksatthecultureofacompanyand

tifieshowpeople,

moneyandtimearemanagedinacompany,andinvestigatesthebusiness

customsofthecountryandhowitspolitics,economicsandhistoryimpacton

thewaybusinessisdone.

ingtothetext,mergerscanencounterproblemswhen

Acontractsaresignedtooquickly.

Bexpertscannotpredictaccuratefigures.

Cconflictingattitudescannotberesolved.

Dstaffareoppodtothetermsofthedeal.

ingtoChrisBolton,whatdomanyorganisationsdoinpreparationfor

amerger?

Aensuretheirinterestsarereprented

Bgivereassurancestoshareholders

Cconsidertheeffectofamergeronemployees

Danalythevaryingstrengthsoftheirstaff

podmergeroftwopharmaceuticalgroupsfailedbecau

Amajorshareholderswereoppod.

Btherewasafallinthedemandfortheirproducts.

Ctherewereproblemscombiningtheirareasofexperti.

Danissueofpersonalrivalrycouldnotberesolved.

ingtothetext,focusgroupscanhelpcompaniesto

Adevelopnewinitiatives.

Badoptcontingencyplans.

Cbedecisiveandreactrapidly.

Devaluatehowwellmatchedtheyare.

nganewcultureinanewlymergedorganisationmeansthat

Amanagementstylesbecomemoreflexible.

Bthereismorechanceofthemergerworking.

Cstaffwillfinditmoredifficulttoadapttothechanges.

Dsuccessfulelementsoftheoriginalorganisationsarelost.

ingtothetext,interculturalanalysiswillshow

Awhatkindofbenefitsamergercanleadto.

Bhowthenationalcontextaffectsthewayacompanyisrun.

Chowlongitwilltakeforacompanyculturetodevelop.

Dwhatchangescompaniesshouldmakebeforeamergertakesplace.

参考答案及解析：

《Achievingasuccessfulmerger》，实现一个成功的并购。文章没有从技术和经济效

益的角度来分析并购成功的因素，而是强调了一个在并购中容易被忽视的重要因素：文化冲

突。不同的企业文化走到了一起，能否兼容是并购能否成功的关键因素。一个比较著名的例

子是当年惠普与康柏的并购。

第1题，问什么情况下并购会遇到麻烦。答案是A段的最后一句，关键词是cultureclash：

如果两个公司的员工在工作方式上存在文化冲突，那么金融专家和律师们为了达成交易所做

的一切努力都是徒劳的。所以选C：冲突性的态度无法得到解决。Conflictingattitude对

应于cultureclash。attitude具体指公司员工做事情的方式和态度。

第2题，问很多机构为并购所做的准备是什么。答案是第二段的这么一句话：Corporates,

heexplains,concentratetheireffortsbeforeamergeronlegal,technicaland

financialmatters。公司都把精力集中在法律、技术和金融事务上了。也就是更多的看重

经济等方面的利益，而忽视了人的因素。选A：确保他们的利益得到很好的反映，也就是自

己的利益有保障。reprent在这里的意思是beprentorfoundinsomething,

especiallytoaparticulardegree。

第3题，问这俩医药公司并购失败的原因是什么。答案是第三段的倒数第二句：thechief

executivesofthetwocompaniescouldnotagreewhichofthemwastoheadup

theneworganisation.在谁来领导新的机构的问题上无法达成一致。所以选D：人员竞争

问题无法得到解决。Personalrivalry就是指两个领导谁也不服谁。

第4题，问focusgroup可以帮助公司干什么。先弄明白focusgroup的意思，看剑桥高

阶的解释：agroupofpeoplewhohavebeenbroughttogethertodiscussa

particularsubjectinordertosolveaproblemorsuggestideas。处理问题的团体。

答案在第四段。这一段是举例说明两个合并公司的文化兼容性问题。经过focusgroup的

调查，这两个公司的做事方式有很大差别，不能兼容。所以这一题的答案是选D：评估他们

能否匹配。

第5题，问在一个新合并的公司里创造新的文化意味着什么。答案是第五段的这么一句：

Thismeanstakingthebestfrombothsidesandmakinganeworganisationthat

everyonecanaccept。吸取双方的优点，创造一个所有人都能接受的新组织。每个人都

能接受，那么合并成功的可能性会大大增加。选B：合并起作用的几率增加了。

第6题，跨文化分析能够表明什么。答案是最后一段的最后一句：howitspolitics,

economicsandhistoryimpactonthewaybusinessisdone.看看这个国家的政治、

经济和历史是怎么影响商业行为的。也就是考察宏观的国家背景对微观的经济个体的影响。

选B：国家背景怎样影响公司的运行方式。

阅读理解第五篇：

Signsofthetimes:WallStreetprotestersgetcreativewithplacardsineffortto

maketheirmessageheard.选自《每日邮报》

AstheOccupyWallStreetprotestentersitsthirdweek,demonstratorsare

wordplay,brightcolours,famousquotationsandpopularimageshaveallbeen

udtocrystallitheirmessageofopposingcorporateinfluenceoverU.S.

politicsandthelackoflegalrepercussionsfollowingthe2008banksbailout.

OnepostershowsapictureoftheWhiteHouwithalettingsignonthelawn

whichreads'ForSale-ToTheHighestBidders'.Anotherustheiconicimage

ofLordKitchener,wearingaVforVendettamask,overthewords'IWantYouTo

OccupyWallStreet'.SignsdisplayingquotesfromGandhiandEnglishwriterGK

Chestertonhavebeenudtocontextualithisprotestwithonesfromthepast,

cardsays'LetsRipDownTheWall

AndMakeItJustAStreet',another'WallStreetIsOurStreet'.

Arecurringmotifismoneyandgreedandhowthedemonstratorssuppodly

nreads:'TheWholeWorldIsGoing

Bankrupt-ToWho?'

Thereivenapostercalledthe'MapoftheOccupiedStatesofAmerica',which

usstarstohighlightfuturelocationsforprotest.

Notallpeopleneededcardboardtodisplaytheirmessage,

protesterudbrightbluechalktowriteonthesidewalk:'OccupationIsMy

Occupation'.Makeshiftcampsincludingalibraryandpharmacieshavebeent

upbyWallStreetprotestersinaclearsignthattheyintendtocarryouttheir

elopmentcameafterthousandsof

peopleyesterdaymarchedtoNewYorkPoliceDepartment(NYPD)headquarters

followingaccusationsofbrutalityfromofficersdealingwithdemonstrators.

Similarprotestsagainstthebankingsystemhavespreadacrossthecountry,

witheventstakingplaceupinBoston,LosAngelesandChicago.

NewYorkCitypolicearebracedforaweekendofunrestintheFinancialDistrict,

withtheOccupyWallStreetprotestshowinglittlesignofdissipatingasitmoves

havetravelledfromalloverthecountryto

voicetheirangeratthe2008bankbailouts,risingnumbersofforeclosuresand

terssignalledtheirintentiontokeepa

prenceinZuccottiPark,justoutsideWallStreet,byttinguplargercampsof

mattressandsleepingbags,andlayingoutabasiclibrary,newspaperstands,

.

评析：本篇文章选自《每日邮报》，讲述的是发生在2011年9月份发生在美国纽约曼哈

顿的“占领华尔街”事件。文章的一开头就提到entersitsthirdweek，表示该文将会对此

次华尔街事件的最新进展进行报道。随后，作者就在接下来提出游行者为了能让自己的声音

被听到，创造了很多海报。需要注意的是阅读理解的首段非常重要，一般西方人写文章都会

在首段将整篇文章的中心点出来，而前面作者提到的demonstratorsaremaking

increasinglycreativeplacardstoensuretheirvoicesareheard就是本篇文章的中

心。所以，在接下来的几段都是在详细描述这些极富有特色海报的具体内容。考生在看到某

些对具体海报的描述时可以适当地略过，不妨等题目中出现了对某海报细节的考察时再回过

头来仔细阅读该段。当然，在略过的时候可以适当地将某些海报的关键词划出来，方便之后

回到原文来找答案。

在文章的最后一段，作者通过纽约市警察对此事做出的反应来对该事件的情况做了一个总

结。整体说来，本篇文章的内容不算生僻，只要考生在平时稍微多关注一下时政，能对“占

领华尔街”事件进行一些深入了解，要理解整篇文章的大意不是难题。

阅读理解第六篇：

itivetravelers

arebeingorderedtostoppointingtheircamerasandcamcordersatreluctant

mpaniesllingexpensivetripstoremotecornersofthe

world,offthewell-troddenpathoftheaveragetourist,havebecome

such

operatorplanstobanclientsfromtakinganyphotographicequipmenton

MathewsisthedirectorofDiscoveryInitiatives,acompanythat

isworkinghand-in-handwithotherorganizationstoofferholidayscombining

psarenotcheap;

twoweeksofwhite-waterraftingandmonitoringwildlifeinCanadacostveral

thousandpounds.

Matthewssaysheisproviding'holidayswithoutguilt',insistingthatDiscovery

s

arereferredtoas'participants'or'ambassadors'.'Weeourlvesasthenext

steponfromeco-tourism,itivetravel-

ourapproachismoreproactive.'

However,saysMatthews,thereisapricetopay.'Iamplanningtointroduce

tourswithatotalbanoncamerasandcamcordersbecauofthedamagethey

eensomehorrendousthings,

suchasagroupofsixtouristsarrivingataremotevillageintheSouthAmerican

jungle,rtofthingtears

oulikesomebodytocomeintoyourhomeandtakea

photoofyoucooking?Acameraislikeaweapon;itputsupabarrierandyou

loallthecommunicationthatcomesthroughbodylanguage,whicheffectively

meansthatthehostcommunitiesaredeniedaccesstotheso-calledcultural

exchange.'

Matthewsstartedorganizingenvironmentalholidaysafterascientificexpedition

equentlyfoundedDiscoveryExpeditions,whichhas

elaunchofDiscoveryInitiatives,

heisplacingagreateremphasisonadventureandfun,omittinginthebrochure

rulesofconductarestrict.'Insome

partsoftheworld,forinstance,Itellpeopletheyshouldwearlongtrours,not

shorts,andwearatie,ounddictatorial,butIfindone

'tunderstandwhypeople

dressdownwhentheygotoothercountries.'

Matthews'viewsreflectagrowinguneaamongsometourcompaniesatthe

arrott,ofJourney

LatinAmerica,says:'Wetellourclientsthatindigenouspeopleareoftenshy

aboutbeingphotographed,butwecertainlydon'ttellthemnottotakeacamera.

Iftheytakepictureswithoutasking,theymayhavetomatoesthrownatthem.'

Healsoreportsthatincreasingnumbersofclientsaretakingcamcordersand

:'Peoplewithcamcorderstend

tobemoreintrusivethanthowithcameras,butthereisapayoff-thepeople

theyarefilminggetatremendousthrillfromeingthemlvesplayedbackon

theviewfinder.'

CrispinJones,ofExodus,theoverlandtruckspecialist,says:'Wedon'thavea

policybut,shouldcamerascauoffence,ourtourleaderswillmakeitquite

stendtodowhattheyaretold.

Earthwatch,whichpioneeredtheconceptofproactiveeco-tourismbynding

payingvolunteerstoworkonscientificprojectsaroundtheworld,doesnotban

cameras,on,themarketing

directorofthecompany,says:'Wetrytoimpressonpeoplethecommon

courtesyofgettingpermissionbeforeusingtheircameras,andonewouldhope

havetobenotonly

opleuthecamera

asabarrier;itallowsthemtodistancethemlvesfromtherealityofwhatthey

liketoetouristsputtingtheircamerasawayforonce,ratherthan

tryingtorecordeverythingtheye.'

参考题目：

irstparagraphwelearnthatDiscoveryInitiatives

Aofferstripsthatnoothertourcompanyoffers.

Borganizestripstoplaceswherefewtouristsgo.

Chasdecidedtorespondtoitscustomerscomplaints.

Dhasalreadysucceededinchangingthekindoftouristitattracts.

Matthewsthinksthatthefunctionofthecompanyisto

Agetpeopleinvolvedinenvironmentalwork.

Binfluencethewayothertourcompaniesoperate.

ymakersaboutenvironmentaldamage.

Dco-operatewithforeigngovernmentstopromoteeco-tourism.

esMatthewssayinthethirdparagraphaboutcamerasand

camcorders?

iscourage

reventlocalpeoplefrom

ncourageholidaymakerstobehave

unpredictably.

Mathewskeenforclientstorealize?

heymay

findcertainlocalcustomsrathersurprising.

he

brochuredoesnotcontainalltheinformationtheyneed.

fthefollowingdoesChrisParrotbelieve?

peoplemay

stsarebecomingmore

rdersalwayscaumoretrouble

withlocalpeoplethancameras.

nJonessaysthathiscompany

m

ngtodecideona

esclientsabouttheuof

camerasbeforetheyleave.

fthefollowingbestsummaristheviewofEarthwatch?

AToomanytouroperatorsignoretheproblemscaudbycameras.

BMosttouristsrealizewhentheyhavecaudoffencetolocalpeople.

CTherearemoreproblemsconcerningtheuofcamerasthedays.

DCameranablepeopletobedetachedfromplacestheyvisit.

dintrusiveinthetextmeans...

ing

ngtodothingsthatareunfair,

dishonest,vingtobeblamedforsomethingthathas

happened.

参考答案：BACABADA

参考题目：

irstparagraphwelearnthatDiscoveryInitiatives

Aofferstripsthatnoothertourcompanyoffers.

Borganizestripstoplaceswherefewtouristsgo.

Chasdecidedtorespondtoitscustomerscomplaints.

Dhasalreadysucceededinchangingthekindoftouristitattracts.

答案：B

Matthewsthinksthatthefunctionofthecompanyisto

Agetpeopleinvolvedinenvironmentalwork.

Binfluencethewayothertourcompaniesoperate.

ymakersaboutenvironmentaldamage.

Dco-operatewithforeigngovernmentstopromoteeco-tourism.

答案：A

解析：隐含信息题。第一段先谈到近年来旅游地的居民常常因为越来越多的摄像机对准他们，

而感觉到生活严重受影响。一些旅游人群稀少的地方，更是如此，他们更加不习惯被旅游者

拍摄。因此，一些旅行社通过与这些旅游人群较少到达的地方沟通以后，专门带团进行深度

游。最后，这一段的倒数第二句，就进一步指出，DiscoveryInitiatives也在组织类似的

旅游项目。它们组织这种旅游项目的理由，最初也是为了使游客能前往这些其他旅游者不常

去的地方。因此，答案选B。

解析：细节题。第二段的第一句“Matthewssaysheisproviding'holidayswithout

guilt',insistingthatDiscoveryInitiativesisnotatouroperatorbutan

environmentalsupportcompany.”Matthews认为他们DiscoveryInitiatives不是

一个经营旅游的运营者，而是强调它是一个支持环境保护的公司。因此，答案为A。

esMatthewssayinthethirdparagraphaboutcamerasand

camcorders?

ATheygivelocalpeopleafalimpressionofholidaymakers.

BTheydiscourageholidaymakersfromintrudingonlocalpeople.

CTheypreventlocalpeoplefromlearningaboutothersocieties.

DTheyencourageholidaymakerstobehaveunpredictably.

答案：C

解析：细节题。由第三段最后一句话可知，摄像机如同一件武器，当他对准当地居民的时候，

无形中就在当地居民中间竖起了一道阻挡有效沟通和交流的障碍，使旅游者完全丧失了通过

肢体语言同当地居民进行文化交流的机会。因此，这无形中就导致了当地人不愿意了解其他

文化，从而无从了解其他社会。因此，答案为C。

Mathewskeenforclientstorealize?

Athatcertainbehaviourmayspoiltheirenjoymentofatrip.

Bthattheymayfindcertainlocalcustomsrathersurprising.

Cthatitislikelythattheywillnotbeallowedincertainplaces.

Dthatthebrochuredoesnotcontainalltheinformationtheyneed.

答案：A

解析：细节题。从文中第四段第一句可知，Matthews认为一些旅游者的不经意的行为会

导致旅游中的不愉快。因此，答案为A。

fthefollowingdoesChrisParrotbelieve?

ATouristsarelikelytoagreetotravelwithoutcameras.

BLocalpeoplemayreactangrilytowardstouristswhoucameras.

CTouristsarebecomingmorensitiveabouttheiruofcameras.

DCamcordersalwayscaumoretroublewithlocalpeoplethancameras.

答案：B

解析：细节题。文中第四段ChrisParrot说，在拉丁美洲的一次旅行中，那些带摄像机的

游客，未经许可拍照，遭到了当地居民的“番茄袭击”。也就是说，当地居民会对使用相机感

到愤怒。因此，答案为B。

nJonessaysthathiscompany

Aexpectsitsstafftopreventproblemsovertheuofcameras.

Bldomencountersproblemsregardingtheuofcameras.

Cisgoingtodecideonafirmpolicyregardingtheuofcameras.

Dadvisclientsabouttheuofcamerasbeforetheyleave.

答案：A

解析：细节题。文中第五段CrispinJones说，对于照相机会构成冒犯的旅游地，他们将

要求导游在解说时指出来。因为一般游客都会听从导游的指示。因此，答案为A。

fthefollowingbestsummaristheviewofEarthwatch?

AToomanytouroperatorsignoretheproblemscaudbycameras.

BMosttouristsrealizewhentheyhavecaudoffencetolocalpeople.

CTherearemoreproblemsconcerningtheuofcamerasthedays.

DCameranablepeopletobedetachedfromplacestheyvisit.

答案：D

解析：细节题。最后一段中，通过Earthwatch公司的市场总监EdWilson所说的那段话

最后一句可知，要解决游客不使用照相机的问题，最关键的还是要灌输给游客一种观念，旅

游的感受是重在当时的感受，而不是原原本本地去记录旅游中的一切。因此，答案为D。

dintrusiveinthetextmeans...

Abecominginvolvedinsomethinginawaythatisnotwelcome.

Bbehavingtowardsotherpeopleinapleasantway.

Cwillingtodothingsthatareunfair,dishonest,orillegal.

Ddervingtobeblamedforsomethingthathashappened.

答案：A

解析：词汇题。intrusive出在文中第四段Mathews谈论照相机会造成旅途不愉快的问题

这一段。而根据后文，因为便携式照相机可以很快就看到被照对象的影像，所以，让旅游地

的当地居民更容易感到私生活受了侵犯，因此，是不受欢迎的。答案为A。

点评：本文主要是谈了旅行团组织到一些较少旅游者前往的旅游地，拍照和照相机造成的一

系列旅游问题。由于当地居民与外界社会接触较少，因此被照相机记录下他们的日常生活，

对他们的隐私构成了侵犯。从而导致他们的反感和敌对情绪。文中几个旅游组织对这一问题

分别谈了他们在这件事上的经历和现在他们如何处理这一情况。

文章主题明确，紧紧围绕照相机引起的旅游风波这一中心，进行了从现象到问题，再到如何

解决问题的说明。考题虽基本按照文章段落顺序考查，但需要大量地进行细节性的阅读，因

此，总体而言，这篇文章有一定的难度。