附件1:外文译文
企业品牌战略研究
在经济全球化的今天,如何适应国际化潮流,建立强势品牌,提高竞争能力,已经成
为国内企业面临的迫切问题.本文在分析我国企业营销品牌战略发展状况的基础上,从
品牌战略的内涵与其功能意义入手,探讨了品牌战略在企业营销中的作用.企业需要综
合运用多种竞争手段提高品意,搞好品牌定位,塑造良好品牌形象。
一、日系品牌全线崩溃
2006年11月22日上午,NEC宣布将推出2G及2.5G手机市场,这意味着继夏普、
松下、东芝、三菱、三洋之后又一家日本手机厂商退出中国市场,日系手机除京瓷外几
乎全部退出中国2G手机市场的争夺。
如果我们总结今天的中国家电市场与十年前有什么不同的话,我想,最大的不同就
是,日系企业在中国的繁荣已经渐行渐远.
对于日系手机败退,乃至日系家电走到中国市场的低谷,主要原因有以下几点:一
是企业制度呆板,决策困难,反应速度慢,与另市场现实格格不入,难以适应快速变化
的中国市场;二是市场营销能力弱,产品规划能力不强,很难根椐自己对市场的判断与
预测推出迎合消费需求的产品,一直处于跟风的被动局面,无法满足中国市场的需要;三
是未能把握住产业转型最佳时机,是日系家电企业失去市场主导地位的重要原因。
日系企业在中国市场上走到边缘是否引起我们民族企业的深思?欲走国际化路
线的企业又是否从“日系企业”的背后吸取教训?
二、我国企业实施品牌战略的现状分析处
第一,众多昔日名牌“昙花一现”。中外企业在市场上的品牌大战,使刚刚成长起来
的民族品牌受到极大的冲击。上世纪80年代稍有知名度的品牌,不是被抢注商标,就是
被收购、挤垮,即使残留下来的也是惨淡经营,真正发展起来的极为有限。这里典型的
案例,上世纪80年代至90年代初期,曾在空调界创下奇迹的华宝空调,在1998年被科
龙收购,其后的品牌形象就一再下滑。
第二,品牌战略已日渐引起国内企业重视,政府的扶持。自上世纪80年代改革以来,
我国社会主义经济建设取得了令人瞩目的成就,从计划经济时代走向市场经济时代的中
国企业,品牌经营无从无到有.
资料显示,各地各级政府在对名牌的重视程度、组织推进力度、政策措施上有大幅
度提升,青岛、深圳、武汉、宁波、沈阳等市对中国名牌企业的奖励为100万元,大连
为300万元,对获省市名牌的企业奖励为10万元~20万元。
2007年1月8日至1月11日,第40届国际消费电子展(CES)在美国杜斯维加斯
的威尼斯酒店开幕。在CES上我们民族企业取得骄人的业绩。据了解,今年中国有4000
人注册参与CES,包括厂商、媒体和观众,在展馆中,有327家参展商.海尔被全球最权威
的消费电子行业媒体《TWICE》评选为另消费电子第一品牌.
第三,洋品牌的地位在多数行业仍是难以动摇的。但是,我们也应看到,面对市场
上纷繁的产品,真正能让消费者脱口而出的国内品牌屈指可数.随着对外开放的深入,国
际上一些大公司纷纷挤入中国市场,一时间中国市场上充斥着“索尼”、“可口可乐"、“飘
柔"、“奔驰”等种种国际名牌,这些名目众多的洋品牌猛烈地撞击着中国的民族品牌。
虽然在家电行业,以海尔品牌为首,“康佳”、“长虹”、“TCL”等国产名牌已发展得不错,
但同“索尼"、“松下”、“三星"等名牌相比,仍然存在竞争劣势;在IT行业,“联想”、
“方正”、“长城"等品牌的竞争力都有明显提高,但与欧美、日本等国的产品相比,品牌
知名度仍有不足;在日用消费品市场,“宝洁"、“利华”、“汉高"等国际公司已形成三足
鼎立之势.
三、我国企业实施品牌战略中存在的主要问题及误区
目前,中国品牌走向国际市场有着巨大的机遇和空间,品牌的国际化已纱可避免,
然而品牌建设中也存在着不尽如人意的问题。
从微观企业自身因素角度来看,我国企业实施品牌建设存在以下问题:技术开发能
力不足,品牌竞争能力不强;品牌个性不足,缺乏创新和发展能力;生产和经营规模偏小,
品牌发展缺乏整体规划;出口和国际经营能力偏弱,品牌意识不强;品牌定位不明确,
存在较大的盲目性等一系列因素。从宏观社会环境因素上讲:社会机制有待进一步改善,
政策法规的支撑需要进一步加强,国家的产业政策,出口导向政策对不同的行业起着不
同的促进和限制作用,金融环境对于企业的投资能力和市场扩张能力也有相当重要的
影响力。我国建立市场体制也有好多年了,虽有了很魇改善但仍不够健全,有些方面还
未真正适应市场经济的要求,消费者的心理还未完全成熟。
1、忽视品牌投资,急功近利
经济全球化背景下,国际竞争越来越表现为品牌的竞争,现代跨国公司绝大多数都
是知名品牌公司,尤其注重品牌战略的运用,通过品牌这种全方位的输出形态,跨国公
司占领了国际市场,可以毫不夸张地说,而今,品牌已是跨国公司实现全球战略目标的
锐利武器,是实现资本扩张的重要手段。
冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。品牌绝不可能在短期内创出来,是一个长期积累的过程.
很多企业没有清醒地认识到这一点,妄图在短时间内创出一个名牌,而忽视了长远的规
划和战略。
2、品牌战略一项系统工程
品牌战略的实施是一项系统工程,是企业整体发展战略与竞争战略的重要组成部
分。品牌战略的实施是企业整体素质与整体形象的提高,需要有科学的经营理念和高超
的动作技巧,但国内不少企业品牌策划在此方面表现得尤为拙劣和急功近利,影响了企
业品牌的发展,实际工作中出现了不少这样的误区:如认为创建品牌工八就是给产品取
个好名字,提高产品知名度或把产品包装一下;好的品牌是个令人满意的视觉标志而已;
广告是培育知名品牌的唯一手段,除了在媒体上大肆做广告外,其他别无关注;企业产
品规模一旦形成了,知名品牌就自然而然地建立了;知名品牌等同于高价,必须不切实
际地提高产品价格等.有的企业甚至在品牌低价出售转让,如我国现有20多万个“三资”
企业中,有90%以上的合资企业在使用外方品牌;广州洁银牙膏厂以200万元低价将品
牌转让给合资企业等,就是这样的突出事例,现今其可怕后果已日渐显现出来—-丧失
了本国企业自身品牌、产品与知识产权,民族产业竞争力究竟何在!
3、产品是企业在市场中竞争优势可以很快被竞争对手模仿、超越,而品牌却难以逾
越,真正持久的竞争优势来自于不断创新,以“不变”应“万变"
品牌是核心竞争力的集中体现.市场是瞬息万变的,任何品牌都面临着随时被淘汰
的危险。过于看重现有的成绩,不重视创新,是导致很多品牌“下马”的重要原因。可
口可乐公司前任首席营销官塞尔齐曼说,“品牌是唯一使公司产品和服务有别于竞争对
手标志,是开辟市场最有效的武器,优秀的品牌可以让你的品牌脱颖而出。”产品的物理
属性、数量、价格、质量、服务等很容易被竞争对手模仿,而品牌除了产品本身,还包
含了附加在产品上的文化、背景、情感、消费者认识等无形的东西,使企业永远立于市
场竞争的不败之地。消费者的认知决定企业的命运,而品牌又直接的影响了消费者的认
知。品牌是市场中企业相互区别的重要标志,是消费者进行消费的风向标,以品牌为核
心已成为企业重组和资源重新配置的重要机制。
四、民族企业在品牌国际化进程中如何进行品牌定位
1、以科技为后盾,树立“质量第一,以质取胜”的经营理念,品牌的时尚要素、
个性化的突出。
产品质量是创造名牌的基石.产品的竞争力表现为品牌的竞争,而品牌竞争所依仗
的则是产品的内在质量.一个品牌成长为品牌靠的是质量,一个品牌在市场上倒牌也大
多是因为质量出了问题。所以,可以说,质量是品牌生命之所系.
此外,企业还应借鉴国外成功经验,提高自己的设计开发能.企业要敢在新技术革
命的挑战中创造自己的品牌,提高产品的市场竞争能力,就必须在技术创造上下功夫。
在世界个性化趋势的变化中,顾客的价值体验和差异化价值实现已经直接决定了产品的
最终销售,个性化服务不可或
2。强化市场营销,提高品牌认知度,将品牌战略有机地融合于企业整体战略,并
促进整体战略的发展。
市场营销是实施品牌战略中的重要一环。通过选择正确的市场营销方式,可以
有效地利用品牌效应让品牌家喻户晓,扩大市场占有率。实施品牌战略布施一项孤立的
工作,而是与企业整体发展战略息息相关的.一个品牌形象的塑造绝不仅仅是品牌自身
的事情,涉及到企业经营管理的所有重大战略决策,这些重大战略决策都要自觉地围绕
品牌来进行、开展。
附件2:外文原文
BrandStrategyRearch
Economicglobalization,howtoadapttointernationaltrends,establisha
strongbrandandenhanceourcompetitiveness,havebecomepressing
issuesfacingenterpris。Badontheanalysisofthedevelopmentof
corporatemarketingbrandstrategy,Badonthedevelopmentofbrand
rineedstouavarietyof
meansofcompetitiontoincreabrandawareness,improvebrand
positioning,ancreateagoodbrandimage。
First,Japanebrandsacrosstheboarddefeat.
November22,2006morning,NECannouncedthatitwouldwithdrawfrom
2Gand2.5mobilephonemarket,whichmeansthat,followingSharp,
Panasonic,Toshiba,Mitsubishi,Sanyo,aJapanemobilephone
manufacturerslaterwithdrawfromtheChinemarket,Japanemobile
phonehasalmostallexceptKyocera2GmobilephonemarketinChinaoutof
contention。
IfwesumuptheChinehouholdappliancemarket,todayany
differentfromtenyearsago,IthinkthebiggestdifferenceisthatJapane
companiesinChina,Japanehomeappliancemarketdownturn,thefollowing
mainreasons:First,rigidenterprisystem,decision—makingdifficult,the
reactionwasslow,incompatiblewiththerealityoftheChinemarket,itis
difficulttoadapttotherapidlychangingChinemarket;2isweakin
marketing,productplanningcapacityisnotstrong,itisdifficulttojudge
accordingtotheirmarkerlaunchtomeetconsumerdemandandforecast
products,followthetrendhasbeeninapassivesituation,cannotsatisfy
marketdemand;Third,failuretograsptheindustrybesttimetotransitionis
theJapanehomeappliancecompaniesloanimportantreasonformarket
dominance.
JapanecompaniescometotheedgeintheChinemarketiscausing
companiestothinkdeeplyaboutournation?Totaketheinternational
routeandwhethertheenterpriof”JapaneCompany”tothelessonslearned
behind?
Second,thebrandstrategyimplementationinChinatheCurrentSituation
Manyoldfamous“flashinthepan”
ChineandforeignenterprisintheChinemarketthebrandwar;just
tcentury,a
little-know80’sbrand,notbeingregisteredbytrademark,istobeacquired,
squeeze,eveniftheresidueishardgoingdownreallydevelopedverylimited。
Hereatypicalca,thelastcentury80stoearly90s,heworkedinair
conditioningctorhitwondersoftheWarburgin1998,wasacquiredKelon,
thesubquentdeclineinbrandimageisrepeated。
Brandstrategyhasbeenanincreasingemphasisondomesticenterpris
caudthegovernmenttosupport.
Sincethe80soflastcenturyreformandopeningup,China’ssocialist
lanned
economytomarketeconomyeraChinecompanies,brandmanagementhas
grownoutofnothing.
Information,localgovernmentsatalllevelsofemphasisonbrand—name,
organizationpromotingtheefforts,policiesmeasureshavegreatlyenhanced
Qingghai,ShenZhen,Wuhan,Ningbo,ShenyangandothercitiesontheChine
famounterprisincentivesto100million,onDalian3millionYuan,on
brand-namecompanieshavebeencitiesforthe100000yuan
reward—200000yuan.
Japane8th2009yeartoJapane11th,the40thInternationalConsumer
ElectronicsShow(CES)inLasVegasVenetianhotelopening。National
enterprisintheCES,weachievesuperiorresults。
Itisunderstoodthatthisyearthereare4000peopleregisteredto
participateinChinaCES,includingmanufacturers,mediaandspectators,inthe
exhibitionhall,stheworld’smostauthoritative
consumerelectronicsindustrymedia“TWICE"namedfortheChineconsumer
electronicsbrand.
3。Thestatusofforeignbrandsinmostctorsisstilldifficulttoshake
However,weshouldalsoethefaceofnumerousproductsonthemarket,
eopening
upfurther,toanumberofbigcompanieshavetosqueezeintotheChine
market,Chinemarket,atimefilledwith“Sony”,“Coca—Cola",“rejoice”,
“Benz”andvariousotherinternationalbrands,manyofthenamesforeign
brandsviolentlyhittingthenationalbrandinChina。Althoughtheappliance
industry,ledbyHaierbrand,“Konka”,“Changhong”,“TCL”andotherdomestic
brandshavedevelopedwell,butwiththe“Sony”,“Panasonic”“Samsung”and
otherbrands,theyarestilltherecompetitivedisadvantage;intheIT
industry,“Lenovo”,“Founder",“GreatWall”andthebrand'scompetitivenesshas
improvesignificantly,butwithEuropeandtheUnitedStates,Japanand
othercountriescomparedto,brandawarenessisstillinsufficient;inConsumer
Goodsmarket,“P&G”,“Oliver”,“Henkel”,andotherinternationalcompanies
haveformedthethreepillars。
Third,thebrandstrategyimplementationinChinaProblemsandErrors。
Currently,Chinebrandshaveahugeinternationalmarkeropportunityand
spaceforinternationalbrandshasbeeninevitable,buttherearealsobrand
buildingisnotunsatisfactory。
OurEnterpriBrandBuildingProblems:
Factorsfromthepointofmicro—enterpristhemlves:thereisalaceof
technologydevelopment,brandcompetitivenessisnotstrong;brand
personality,lackofinnovationanddevelopmentcapacity;small—scale
productionandmanagement,branddevelopmentlackofoverall
planning;abilityofweakexportsandinternationaloperations,Brandawareness
isnotstrong;brandpositioningisnotclear,thereisalargerangeoffactors
suchasblindness。Speakingfromthemacrosocialfactors:socialmechanisms
needtobeimproved,policiesandregulationssupporttheneedtofurther
strengthenthecountry’sindustrialpolicy,export-orientedpoliciesfordifferent
ctorsplaydifferentroleinthecountry’sindustrialpolicy,export-oriented
policiesfordifferentctorsplaydifferentroleinthepromotionand
limitation,thefinancialenvironmentforbusinessinvestmentcapacityand
marketexpansionabilityandtheimportantinfluence。Theestablishmentof
marketsysteminChinahasformanyyears,despiteasignificantimprovement
butstillnotperfect,therestillhasnotreallyadapttothemarketeconomy,
consumerpsychologyhasnotyetfullymature.
2。Thecurrentsituationofglobaleconomicintegration,theerrorofthe
brandstrategyimplementation
(1)Ignorethebrandinvestment,profit—oriented
Backgroundofeconomicglobalization,internationalcompetitionis
increasinglyreflectedinthebrand’scompetition,theoverwhelmingmajorityof
themodernworldfamousmultinationalcompanieswithparticularemphasison
theuofbrandstrategy,brandsuchafullrangeofoutputthroughtheformof
multinationalcorporationsgraduallyoccupationoftheinternationalmarket。it
isnoexaggerationtosaythatnow,thebrandhasachievedglobalstrategic
objectivesoftransnationalcorporationssharpweapon,isanimportantmeans
toachievecapitalexpansion。
everbeintheshortterminvented
tobealongprocessofaccumulation。Manyenterprisdonotclearly
recognizethispoint,attempttocreateabrandinashorttime,butignoredthe
long-termplanningandstrategy。
(2)Brandstrategyisasystematic
Theimplementationofbrandstrategyisasystematic,enterpristrategy
andtheoveralldevelopmentofanimportantcomponentofcompetitive
lementationofbrandstrategyistorelyontheiroverallquality
andoverallimageenhancement,theneedforscientificmanagementideaand
superboperationalskills,butquitafewbrandplannerinthisregardwas
particularlypoorperformanceandimmediateimpactbrand
development,practicalworkintheemergenceofmanysucherrors:Ifthatjob
istocreateabrandtotakeagoodnametotheproduct,improveproduct
awareness,orwhattheproductpackaging;goodbrandisdrawinga
satisfactoryvisualsignsonly;Advertisingistheonlywaytocultivatewell-known
brands,inadditiontoadvertisinginthemedia,big,theothernoattention;
scaleenterpriproductonceformed,well-knownbrandsonthenaturally
established;well-knownbrandiquivalenttohighprice,tobeunrealistically
improvetheproductprice。Somecompanieventofurtherinthebrand
WrongOperationnothesitatetogiveuptheirownbrandbusiness,withforeign
companies,brands,ortollitsownbrandlow—costtransfer,suchasour
prentmorethan20million“threecapital”enterpris,there90%ofthejoint
ventureusingtheforeignbrands;cleansilvertoothpastefactoryinGuangzhou
to2millionyuancheaptotransfertojointventuresandotherbrands,isone
suchoutstandingexampleoftheterribleconquencesoftodayhasbecome
increasinglyapparent—lostdomesticenterprisownbrand,productand
intellectualpropertyrights,nationalindustrialcompetitivenesslie!
(3)Productistheenterpricompetitiveadvantageinthemarketcanbe
quicklyimitatedbycompetitors,beyond,thebrandisinsurmountable,realand
lastingcompetitiveadvantagecomesfrominnovation,inorderto
“change"shouldbe“statusquo”
ket
muchemphasisontheexistingachievements,donotattachimportanceto
innovation,leadingtoalotofbrand-name“dismount”themajor
-Cola'sformerchiefmarketingofficerSergioZyman,“Thebrandis
onlythecompanylogoproductsandrvicesaredifferentfromcompetitors,is
themosteffectiveweapontoopenupthemarket,excellentbrandcanmake
yourproductstandout.”Productsphysicalproperties,quantity,price,
quality,rviceisveryeasytomakeyourproductstandout.”Productsphysical
properties,quantitiy,price,quality,rviceisveryeasytoimitate
competitors,Erbrands,alongwiththeproductitlf,alsoincludesanattached
producttoculturalbackground,emotional,consumercognitioninvisible
things,sothatenterprisYongYuanLiinthecompetition
erawarenessdecidingthefateofthebrandhasadirect
sthedifferencedecidingthefateofthe
sthedifference
betweenthemarketenterpriimportantsymbolsisthebenchmarkfor
consumerspendingtobrandasthecorehasbecomeacorporaterestructuring
andreallocationofresourcesanimportantmechanism。
Fourth,nationalenterprisinbrandinternationalizationprocessofhowto
brandpositing。
Backedbyscienceandtechnology,establisha“qualityfirst,winningby
quality"businessphilosophy,thebrand’sfashionelements,theoutstanding
individual。
itivenessoftheir
productperformanceinthecompetitionforthebrand,andbrandcompetition
whilerelyingontheinherentqualityofabrandinthemarketdownarealsoin
ore,itcanbesaid,qualityisthe
brandoflifedepends.
Inaddition,enterprisshouldlearnfromsuccessfulexperiencesabroadto
enhancetheirdesignanddevelopmentcapability。Enterprisshoulddareto
challengethenewtechnologyrevolutiontocreatetheirownbrand,and
increamarketcompetitiveness;Wemustworkhardinthetransformation.
Personalizationtrendintheworldchanges,thevalueofcustomerexperience
andthevalueofdifferentiationhasbeendirectlydeterminedtoachievethe
finalproductsales,personalrvicesareindispensable!
ngthenmarketing,improvebrandawareness,brandstrategywillbe
organicallyintegratedintheiroverallstrategytopromotetheoverall
developmentstrategy.
Theimplementationofbrandmarketingisanimportantpartofthestrategy。By
choosingtherightmarketingapproachcanbeeffectivelyudtobranda
houholdnamebrand,expandmarketshare。Brandstrategyisnotanisolate
task,buttheoveralldevelopmentstrategyandbusinessareclolyrelated.A
successfulbrandnamesmorethanjustabranditsownthing,relatedto
businessmanagementofallmajorstrategicdecision,themajorstrategic
decision,themajorstrategicdecisionswereconsciouslycarriedoutaroundto
expand。
thelawsofthebranddesign,brandimage,brandandaccurate
marketpositioning,brandperformanceandoutstandingvalueemotional
communication。
Brandcompetitionisnotall-roundcompetition;eachbrandhasitsown
icmethodisnotpositioningtocreateanovelorunique
issues,buttomanipulatewhatalreadyexistsintheheart,theeyesof
potentialcustomerstobuysoontappeddesiretomakeitintocustomer
impul。Enterprisshouldtakethemarketasguide,technologyasameans
toadapttochangesinitsrequirements,suchastheestablishmentof
informationfeedbacksystemtocollectinformationaboutchangesin
consumer,andconstantlydevelopnewproducts,provideconsumerswith
personalizedrvice,andmeettheconsumerstomaketheirowninagood
positioninthecompetition。
Theworldhanteredthe21stcenturybrandinternationalcompetition,
brandinghasbecomeanewinternationallanguageintomillionsof
houholds。Toestablishthebrandproductsinthemarketpositionestablisha
corporateimage,
isthecoreproduct;ri
managementsystemmustbeadopted,technologicalinnovation,andconstantly
ametimetoincreathe
internationalcompetitivenessofthestrategicbrandrearchandplanning,
andthecomprehensivetoenhancethebrand’sinternationalcompetitiveness.
MostChineenterprisinthegrowthstagenow,brandstrengthisweak,itis
undoubtedfact,however,badonindustry,marketandenterpri
resources,whileavoidingdisadvantages,choothebestbrandstrategyisa
wichoice。Suchasisnowmoreprevalentandhasawell-knownbrand
outsidethecompany’sco-production,revermerger;uthelinkstrategy
toredefinethebrandimage;withtwoormorebrandscollaborateeffectively
t
chootherightbrandstrategy,brandmarketingcreativelyandattentionto
rvice;inordertoachieveansationaleffectandastrongbrandimpact,can
thebrandmaintainvigor,foreststandintheworldbrand.
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