derrick

钻井工程术语

Termsofwelldrillingengineering

2钻井总论general

2.1井的基本概念basicconceptofawell

井well，井口wellhead，井底holebottom,裸眼open-hole，井深welldepth，井壁wellwall，

annulus井眼轴线holeaxis：井眼的中心线，井身结构casingprogram

2.2井的类别welltype:

探井exploratorywell，开发井developmentwell，直井straightwell

3钻井方法drillingmethod：

顿钻钻井cabletooldrilling:，杆式顿钻rodtooldrilling，绳式顿钻cabledrilling，旋转钻井

rotarydrilling,转盘钻井rotarydrilling，顶部驱动钻井topdrivedrilling,井底动力钻井downhole

motordrilling,涡轮钻井turbo—drilling,螺杆钻井Dyna-drilling，电动钻井electricdrilling：

2。4钻井种类kindsofdrilling

海上钻井offshoredrilling,沙漠钻井dertdrilling,清水钻井waterdrilling，空气（天然气）钻井

air(gas)drilling，泡沫钻井foamdrilling，雾化钻井mistdrilling，充气钻井液钻井aerateddrillingfluid

drilling，平衡压力钻井balancedpressuredrilling,欠平衡压力钻井under-balanceddrilling，近平衡

压力钻井nearbalanceddrilling，小井眼钻井slimholedrilling，取芯钻井coredrilling，

2.5工程报废井engineeringabandonedwell

2。6钻井设计welldesign

2.7单井工程设计engineeringdesignofasinglewell

2。8钻井工程质量drillingengineeringquality

2。9钻井工序drillingprocess

2。10钻井进度drillingprogress

2.11钻井条件drillingcondition

3岩石的物理机械性质及可钻性rockphysicalmechanicalproperties

anddrillability

3。1岩石的物理机械性质rockmechanicalproperties:

矿物的微硬度mineralmicro—hardness，岩石的微硬度rockmicro-hardness，岩石的硬度rock

hardness，肖氏岩石硬度Shore'shardness,岩石的筒形抗内压胀烈试验hollowcylinderbursttest：，

岩石的常规抗压缩强度rockcompressivestrength，岩石的捣碎法压缩试验crashingcompression

testforrock，岩石的抗压入破碎强度rockfragmentingstrength,压模静压入staticimpacttest，压力

面pressureface,等剪应力球面iso-shearsphere，压模压入岩石时的变形曲线force—penetration

curve,动压入（冲击压入）impactpenetration，岩石的抗剪切强度rockshearstrength,岩石的抗剪

切强度试验rocksheartesting,三轴应力状态tri-axialstressstate，岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial

compressivetestofrock，岩石的常规三轴试验conventionaltriaxialtestofrock，岩石的真三轴试验

truetriaxialtestofrock，脆性岩石brittlerock，岩石的塑性rockplasticity，塑性岩石plasticrock，

岩石的塑性变形rockplasticdeformation,，岩石的假塑性破坏rockpudo—plasticsbreakage，,

岩石的塑性系数rockplasticitycoefficient，岩石脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）rockbrittle—plastic

transitionpressure,岩层蠕变stratacreep,岩石的库仑—纳维尔强度准则Coulomb—Navierstrength

criterionforrock,岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohrfailurecriterionforrock，岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准

则Griffiththeoryforrockbrittlefailure，统计强度理论statisticalstrengththeory,破碎机理crushing

mechanism,单齿压入试验singletoothpenetrationtest，破碎坑cruchedcrater，破碎接触压力fracture

contactpressure,牙轮钻头承压面积bitbearingarea，岩石的表面破碎rocksurfacefracture：，岩石

的疲劳破碎rockfatiguefracture，岩石的体积破碎rockvolumetricfracture，岩石的单位体积破碎

功rockspecificvolumetricfragilework，地温梯度geothermalgradient，地温级度geothermalstep，

高导热系数层highthermalconductivitystrata，地应力in-situstress，岩层的水平侧向应力strata

lateralstress，侧压系数lateralpressurecoefficient，围压confinningpressure，各向压缩效应triaxial

compressibilityeffect，有效应力effectivestress,零有效应力zeroeffectivestress:，压持效应chip

hold—downeffect,岩石硬度减低剂rockhardnessreducer，

3。2岩石的微观结构rockmicro-structure,3。3岩石的宏观结构rock

macro—structure

3.4岩石的不均匀性rockheterogeneity，3.5岩石的各向异性rockanisotropy

3.6岩石的可钻性rockdrill—ability，微观钻头可钻性试验micro—bitdrill—abilitytest,微型

钻头micro—bit,微型钻头钻速micro-bitdrillingrate，微型钻头刀片齿磨损量micro—bitcutter

wear，

3。7岩石研磨性rockabrasiveproperties,

3.8岩石的渗透率rockpermeability，

4钻前工程prespudoperation

4.1定井位locationdetermination,4。2选线routelection，4。3井场wellsite，

4.4井场布置wellsitearrangement:，4.5井场道路accessroadatwellsite，

4。6设备安装equipmentinstallation，4.7圆井cellar，4.8废泥浆池waste(rerve)pit,

4.9泥浆罐mudtank，

4。10钻机基础rigfoundation,预制基础(活动基础)pre-fabricatedfoundation，现浇基础(死基

础)foundationgroutedinsitu，桩基础pilesupportedfoundation，

4.11钻机基础设计rigfoundationdesign，

4。12基础安装(摆基础)pre-fabricatedfoundationtting，

4.13基础浇筑(打基础)foundationgrouting，基坑放线foundationpitdelimitation，挖基坑

foundationpitexcavation，填石灌浆groutforbondingrubblesplacedintopit，

4。14基础找平foundationlevelling，

4。15基础养护concretfoundationcuring,

4。16井架derrick(mast)，塔形井架pyramidmast,自升式井架lferectionmast，前开口式井

架cantilevermast，A形井架A-mast，桅形井架mast，

4。17井架结构参数derrickstructuralparameter，井架公称高度derricknominalheight，

井架底尺寸derrickbasize,井架上底尺寸watertablesize，二层台公称高度monkeyboard

nominalheight：，井架大门高度V-doorheight，井架大门开档尺寸V—doordemensions,

4.18井架构件derrickmember，井架大腿derrickleg,底板(支脚板）bottomplate,横杆(横拉筋）

girt，斜杆（斜拉筋）brace，联接板(节点板)connectionangle—plate，操作台workingplatform：，

指梁fingerboard，二层台rackingplatform(monkeyboard)，三层台auxillaryrackingplatform，天

车台crownsafetyplatform(crownrunaround)，天车台人字架ginpole，立管台standpipeboard,井架

绷绳derrickguyline，绷绳锚guylineanchor（dead-man），扶梯ladder，钻台derrickfloor，立根

盒pipetback(tback)，井架大门（前大门)V-door，绞车大门(后大门）draw-workswindow

opening，挡风墙windwall，

4。19塔形井架安装pyramidderrickstanding,运井架derrickmemberstransportation：，整理井

架rigspotting，安装索具stringdrillinglineandinstallraisingline:，吊扒杆cantilevergin—pole

hoistingandtting，封装井架大门V—doorclosing，升扒杆cantilevergin—poleraising，降扒杆

cantilevergin—polelowering,放扒杆cantilevergin—polelayingdown,变幅amplitude,穿钢丝绳

stringup（stringingup)，对吊balancehoistingwithtwocantilever，起天车crownblockhoisting，

放天车crownblockdismounting，高空操作手erectorworkhighaboveground，第一操作手first

erector,第二操作手erector，第三操作手assistanterector,

4。20自升式井架安装erectionoflf-erectionmast，组装井架mastasmbling,井架支架mast

bracket，起升支架mastraising，起升绳raisingline，底座人字架A—frameofsubstructure:，井

架调节装置balance—adjustingdeviceofmast，井架缓冲器mastdamper，

4。21整拖井架skid—mountedderrick，4.22钻机整体拖运rigskidding,4。23校正井架derrick

aligning,

4.24机泵房engine—pumphousing，4.25钻井队野营房drillingcrewmobilecamp，

4。26扒杆cantilevergin-pole，单扒杆singlecantilevergin—pole，悬转扒杆rotableturningand

suspendedcantilevergin—pole：，吊臂（臂杆)cantilever,主扒杆mainpole，上撑杆uppersupporting

pole,下撑杆lowersupportpole，辅助撑杆accessorysupportingpole，底部转座bottomrotarytable，

中部转座middlerotarytable,顶部转座toprotarytable，座板bottomplate，臂顶滑轮cantilevertop

sheave，变幅滑轮cantileveramplitudesheave,底滑轮bottomsheave，起重钢丝绳hoistingline，变

幅钢丝绳amplitudeline,

4。27井架安装车A-frametruck：，

4。28静力触探车truck—mountedstaticprobedetector，

4。29尖槟吊扳手(尖扳手)cuspatespanner，

5钻头的选择和使用bitlectionandapplication

5。1钻头选型bitlection，5.2钻头检查bitinspection，5.3钻头使用寿命bitlife，

5。4钻头合理起钻时间reasonabletimetopullthebi,5.5钻头过度使用overuofbit，

5。6钻头正常磨损bituniformwear，5.7钻头异常磨损bitunfavorablewear，

5.8钻头过度磨损bitexcessivewea，5.9牙轮钻头轴承失效bitbearingfailure，

5.10钻头磨损分析bitdullnessanalysis，牙齿的磨损分级toothdullnessgrading,轴承磨损分级

bearingweargrading，钻头直径磨损bitgagewear,钻头磨损特征dullbitappearance，牙齿折断

toothbreakage，牙齿脱落lostteeth，牙齿磨损toothwear，牙轮掉落conelosing:,牙轮破裂cone

cracking,牙轮互咬coneinterference，牙轮冲蚀cone—shellerosion，牙轮旷动coneshaking,牙轮卡

死conelocked,轴承密封失效bearingalfailure,钻头直径磨小bitgaugewear，喷嘴脱落nozzle

losing,水眼螺纹刺坏threadpuncture，水眼刺坏watercourpuncture，喷嘴刺坏nozzlepuncture，

喷嘴堵塞nozzleplugging，中心磨损严重bitcentercoredout,巴掌断落shirt—tailcut，巴掌断裂

shirt—tailbreaking,巴掌尖磨损严重shirt—tailverelywornout，钻头泥包bitballing，井底落物

损坏damagefromforeignmaterial，

6钻柱、钻井工具及仪表drillstring,drillingtooland

instrumentation

6。1钻具drillingtool，方钻杆kelly，钻杆drillpipe,铝合金钻杆aluminiumdrillpipe，加重钻杆（厚

壁钻杆)heavywalldrillpipe，钻铤drillcollar，方钻铤squaredrillcollar，偏重钻铤eccentric—weight

drillcollar，螺旋钻铤spiralDC(spiral-groovedDC):，接头joint（sub），配合接头（转换接头）

cross-oversub，钻杆接头drillpipetooljoint，水龙头接头swiveltooljoint，方钻杆保护接头kelly

saversub，

6。2钻具组合(钻具配合)drillstringasmbly，

6。3钻柱drillstem，

6。4复合钻柱combinationstring,

6.5下部钻具组合bottomholeasmbly(BHA)，满眼钻具packedholeasmbly，塔式钻具tapered

drillstring，钟摆钻具pendulumasmbly，

6。6钻柱压曲pipehelicalbuckling，6。7切点tangencypoint,6。8半波长度halfwavelength，

6。9临界钻压criticalweightonbit，6.10变节距空间螺旋弯曲曲线，

6.11钻柱运动方式drillstringmotionpattern:，钻柱的扭转振动drill—stringtorsionalvibration,钻柱

的纵向振动drill—stringlongitudinalvibration：，钻柱的旋转运动drill—stringrotarymotion，钻柱

自转drill-stringrevolveonitsownaxis，钻柱公转drill-stringrevolveroundthebore—holeaxis，钻

柱的复合旋转drill-stringrevolvesbothroundthebore—holeaxisandonitsownaxis，

6。12钻柱受力分析drill—stringforceanalysis，6。13钻柱拉应力drill—stringtensilestress,

6。14钻柱压应力drill-stringcompressivestress，6.15钻柱剪应力drill-stringshearstress，

6。16钻柱弯曲应力drill-stringbendingstress，6。17钻柱外挤压力drill—stringcollappressure，

6.18浮力系数法buoyancyfactormethod，6.19压力面积法pressure—areamethod，

6.20浮力减轻系数buoyancyfactor，6.21钻柱的工作状态drill-stringworkingstatus,

6.22钻柱静拉设计drill-stringstatictensiledesign，安全系数法safetyfactormethod：，设计系数法

designfactormethod：，拉力余量法over—pullmarginmethod：，6.23拉力余量over—pullmargin,

6.24钻杆允许下深drill-piperateddepth，6。25应力减轻槽stressreliefgroove,6.26低扭矩面low

torqueface，6。27螺纹磷化threadphosphatecoating，6。28阶梯内孔结构steppedborestructure,

6。29上紧扭矩make-uptorque，6.30最佳上紧扭矩optimummake-uptorque，

6。31钻铤连接螺纹弯曲强度比值DCjointbendingstrengthratio，

6.32钻杆表面缺陷DPsurfaceimperfection：，6.33胶皮护箍细槽rubberprotectorgroove，

6。34大钳伤痕tongmark，6.35卡瓦伤痕slipmark，

6。36地层和井内金属碎屑的切割伤痕notchingbyformationandjunk，

6。37井下三器threedown—holetools，稳定器stabilizer，减振器shockabsorber，震击器jar，

6。38井眼扩大器reamer，

6.39井口工具rigtool，大钳（吊钳）tong,吊卡elevator，卡瓦slip,安全卡瓦safetyclamps，提升

短节liftsub,钻头装卸器bitbreaker，旋接器spinner:，6.40指重表weightindicator，

6.41自动记录仪auto—graphicmeter，6。42转盘扭矩表rotarytabletorqueindicator：，

6。43多参数仪multi—parameteranalyzer，6。44综合录井仪mudloggingunit，

7钻井工艺drillingtechniques

7。1钻进(纯钻进）drilling，

7。2钻进技术drillingtechnique，

7.3钻进参数drillingparameter，钻压WOB,单位钻头直径钻压WOBperunitlengthbitdiameter,比钻

压specificWOB，悬重和钻重freehangingweightandhookloadwhiledrilling,大钩载荷

hookload,转速rotaryspeed，流量flowrate，

7.4钻进瞬时扭矩torquewhiledrilling，7。5钻进最大扭矩maximumtorquewhiledrilling,

7。6中性截面neutralcross—ction，7。7零轴向应力截面zeroaxialstresscross—ction,

7.8稳定力stabilizingpower,7。9开钻spudin，7。10完钻drilled，7.11送钻feedoff，7。12方入和方余kelly-in

andkelly—up，7.13进尺penetrationfootage，7.14机械钻速penetrationrate，7.15行程钻速roundtrippenetration

rate，

7.16钻时drillingtime，7.17划眼redressing，7。18倒划眼backredressing,7.19扩眼reaming（under—ream)，

7.20蹩钻bitbouncing，7。21跳钻bitjumping,7。22干钻drilleddry,7。23试钻drilloff，7。24停钻stopdrilling，

7。25顿钻drill-stringfreefall，7。26溜钻drill-stringnotwellbraked，7。27打倒车reverrotation，

7。28通井wipertrip,7。29放空drillingbreak，7.30吊打easingthebitin，7。31纠斜holestraightening,

7.32钻水泥塞drillout:,7。33钻开油气层drillin,7.34缩径tighthole，7.35井径扩大holeenlargemen，

7。36单根single,7.37双根double,7.38立根stand，7.39替根alternatingpipe，7。40吊单根pickingupsingle，

7.41接单根makingaconnection，7。42起下钻roundtrip，7。43短起下钻shorttrip，

7.44双吊卡起下钻tripwithtwoelevators,7。45起钻错扣alternatingbreaksundertripoutcondition，

7。46倒换钻具switchingwithinstrings，7.47活动钻具drill—stringmovement—on，

7.48甩钻具breakdown，7.49换钻头bitchanging，7。50灌钻井液fillinthehole，7.51钻头行程bitrun，

7。52钻头磨合runningin，7.53起空车runningupwithemptyblocks,7。54穿大绳string-updrilling-line，

7.55倒大绳slipingandcutoffdrilling—line,7。56快绳fast-line,7。57死绳dead-line，7。58鼠洞rathole,

7。59小鼠洞mouhol，7.60拉猫头cat-linepulling，7。61转盘卸螺纹screwoutbyuofrotarytablepower,

7.62转盘绷扣initialbreakouttool-jointbyuofrotarytablepower，7。63钻具刺穿washout,

7.64蹩泵pumpchokingup，7.65循环钻井液circulatingdrillingfluid，7。66地面循环surfacecirculation，

7.67地质循环circulatingforgeologicobrvation，7.68循环周circulationcircle,

7。69处理钻井液drillingfluidtreatment，7。70挂辅助刹车puttingonauxiliarybrake，

7。71司钻操作台driller’sconsole，7。72井史wellhistory，7.73钻井日报表dailydrillingreport,

7.74钻井班报表tourreport，7.75钻井液班报表drillingfluidtourreport：，7.76钻头记录bitrecord，

7。77钻具记录drillingstringrecord，

8喷射钻井jetdrilling

8.1喷射钻井jetdrilling,

8.2射流jetflow，淹没非自由射流submergednon-freejet，冲击射流impactjet，气蚀射流（空化射流)cavitation

jet，脉冲射流puldjet，磨料射流abrasivejet，射流水力参数jethydraulic，射流喷速jetvelocity，射流冲

击力jetimpactforce，射流水功率jethydraulichorpower，射流的极点jetstagnationpoint,射流的速度分布

jetvelocitydistribution,射流的初始段flowdevelopmentregion，射流的基本段fullydevelopedflowregion，射

流扩散角和扩散系数jetspreadangleandspreadcoefficient，射流等速核jetpatentialcore，漫流crossflow,漫

流速度cross—flowvelocity，射流速度降低系数jetvelocityattenuationcoefficient，射流动压力jetdynamic

pressure，射流动压力降低系数jetdynamicpressureattenuationcoefficient，

8.3喷射距离jetreach，

8.4净化井底bottom-holecleaning，

8。5钻头水力参数bithydraulic，钻头压降bitnozzlepressure—drop，钻头压降系数Kbbitpressure-dropfactor，

钻头水功率bithydraulichor-power,钻头比水功率bitspecifichydraulichor-power,

8。6喷嘴nozzle，喷嘴流道nozzlepassageways，喷嘴流量系数nozzleflowratecoefficient，等速梯形喷嘴

iso-velocitygradientnozzle,流线形喷嘴streamlinednozzle，脉冲喷嘴puldnozzle，加长喷嘴extendednozzle,

喷嘴水力特性nozzlehydraulicproperty,喷嘴结构nozzleconfiguration，喷嘴组合nozzlecombination,单喷嘴

singlenozzl，双喷嘴twonozzle,不等径组合喷嘴unequaldiameternozzle,反喷嘴invernozzle,喷射角impact

angle，喷嘴布置nozzlearrangement,喷嘴当量直径nozzleequivalentdiameter，不等径喷嘴最佳直径比值

optimumdiameterratioofunequaldiameternozzle,

8.7钻井液循环系统drillingfluidcirculatingsystem,循环压耗系数circulatingpressurelosscoefficient，循环压

耗circulatingpressureloss,临界压耗criticalpressureloss，环空压耗annuluspressureloss,地面管汇压耗

pressurelossinsurfaceequipment,地面管汇surfaceequipment，

8.8钻井水力学drillinghydraulics，

8。9钻井液流态drillingfluidflowpattern，平板层流flatlaminarflow，塞流plugflow:,管流pipe

flow,Z—value，

8。11平板度判别准数flatplatelevelcriterion,

8.12喷射钻井的工作方式workingregimeofjetdrilling，最大钻头水功率工作方式maximumbithydraulic

hor—powerregime,最大射流冲击力工作方式maximumjetimpactforceregime，最大射流喷速工作方式

maximumjetvelocityregime，经济水功率工作方式economichydraulichor—powerregime，

8.13最优钻井液流量optimumflowrateofdrillingfluid，

8.14最优喷嘴直径optimumnozzlediameter，

8。15临界井深和极限井深criticalandlimitedwelldepth,

8.16钻井泵的工作状态drillingpumpworkingregime,钻井泵的最大流量工作状态（额定功率工作状态）

drillingpumpmaximumflowrateregim，钻井泵的调节流量工作状态(允许压力工作状态)drillingpump

regulatedflowrateregime，钻井泵的临界工作条件drillingpumpcriticalworkingcondition，

8。17钻井泵的额定压力drillingpumpratedpressure，

8.18钻井泵的额定流量（缸套的额定流量）drillingpumpratedflowrate，

8.19钻井泵的额定冲数drillingpumpratedpumpingspeed，

8.20钻井泵的最大输出功率maximumpumpdischargehor—power，

8。21钻井泵的特性曲线pumpcharacteristics,

8。22钻井泵的临界特性曲线pumpcriticalcharacteristics,

8.23钻井泵效率pumpmechanicalefficiency,

8.24钻井泵水功率利用率pumphydraulicpowerutilizationefficiency，