britannic

兹因大清大皇帝，大英君主，欲以近来之不和之端解释，止肇衅，为此议定设立永久和约。

是以大清大皇帝特派钦差便宜行事大臣太子少保镇守广东广州将军宗室耆英，头品顶戴花翎

前阁督部堂乍浦副都统红带子伊里布；大英伊耳兰等国君主特派全权公使大臣英国所属印度

等处三等将军世袭男爵璞鼎查；公同各将所奉之上谕便宜行事及敕赐全权之命互相较阅，俱

属善当，即便议拟各条，陈列于左：一、嗣后大清大皇帝、大英国君主永存平和，所

属华英人民彼此友睦，各住他国者必受该国保佑身家全安。二、自今以后，大皇帝恩

准英国人民带同所属家眷，寄居大清沿海之广州、福州、厦门、宁波、上海等五处港口，贸

易通商无碍；且大英国君主派设领事、管事等官住该五处城邑，专理商贾事宜，与各该地方

官公文往来；令英人按照下条开叙之列，清楚交纳货税、钞饷等费。三、因大英商船

远路涉洋，往往有损坏须修补者，自应给予沿海一处，以便修船及存守所用物料。今大皇帝

准将香港一岛给予大英国君主暨嗣后世袭主位者常远据守主掌，任便立法治理。四、

因大清钦差大宪等于道光十九年二月间经将大英国领事官及民人等强留粤省，吓以死罪，索

出鸦片以为赎命，今大皇帝准以洋银六百万银元偿补原价。五、凡大英商民在粤贸易，

向例全归额设行商，亦称公行者承办，今大皇帝准以嗣后不必仍照向例，乃凡有英商等赴各

该口贸易者，勿论与何商交易，均听其便；且向例额设行商等内有累欠英商甚多无措清还者，

今酌定洋银三百万银元，作为商欠之数，准明由中国官为偿还。六、因大清钦命大臣

等向大英官民人等不公强办，致须拨发军士讨求伸理，今酌定水陆军费洋银一千二百万银元，

大皇帝准为偿补，惟自道光二十一年六月十五日以后，英国因赎各城收过银两之数，大英全

权公使大臣为君主准可，按数扣除。七、以上三条酌定银数共二千一百万银元应如何

分期交清开列于左：此时交银六百万银元；癸卯年六月间交银三百万银元，十二

月间交银三百万银元，共银六百万银元；甲辰年六月间交银二百五十万银元，十二月

间交银二百五十万银元，共银五百万银元；乙巳年六月间交银二百万银元，十二月间

交银二百万银元，共银四百万银元；自壬寅年起至乙巳年止，四年共交银二千一百万

银元。倘有按期未能交足之数，则酌定每年每百元加息五银元。八、凡系大英国

人，无论本国、属国军民等，今在中国所管辖各地方被禁者，大清大皇帝准即释放。九、

凡系中国人，前在英人所据之邑居住者，或与英人有来往者，或有跟随及俟候英国官人者，

均由大皇帝俯降御旨，誊录天下，恩准全然免罪；且凡系中国人，为英国事被拿监禁受难者，

亦加恩释放。十、前第二条内言明开关俾英国商民居住通商之广州等五处，应纳进口、

出口货税、饷费，均宜秉公议定则例，由部颁发晓示，以便英商按例交纳；今又议定，英国

货物自在某港按例纳税后，即准由中国商人遍运天下，而路所经过税关不得加重税例，只可

按估价则例若干，每两加税不过分。十一、议定英国住中国之总管大员，与大清大臣

无论京内、京外者，有文书来往，用照会字样；英国属员，用申陈字样；大臣批复用札行字

样；两国属员往来，必当平行照会。若两国商贾上达官宪，不在议内，仍用禀明字样为着。

十二、俟奉大清大皇帝允准和约各条施行，并以此时准交之六百万银元交清，大英水陆军士

当即退出江宁、京口等处江面，并不再行拦阻中国各省商贾贸易。至镇海之招宝山，亦将退

让。惟有定海县之舟山海岛、厦门厅之古浪屿小岛，仍归英兵暂为驻守；迨及所议洋银全数

交清，而前议各海口均已开辟俾英人通商后，即将驻守二处军士退出，不复占据。十

三、以上各条均关议和要约，应候大臣等分别奏明大清大皇帝、大英君主各用亲笔批准后，

即速行相交，俾两国分执一册，以昭信守；惟两国相离遥远，不得一旦而到，是以另缮二册，

先由大清钦差便宜行事大臣等、大英钦奉全权公使大臣各为君上定事，盖用关防印信，各执

一册为据，俾即日按照和约开载之条，施行妥办无碍矣。要至和约者。道光二十二年

七月二十四日即英国记年之一千八百四十二年八月二十九日由江宁省会行大英

君主汗华船上铃关防

原文

TreatyofNanjing(Nanking),1842(RatificationxchangedatHongkong,26thJune

1843.)VICTORIA,bytheGraceofGod,QueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand

Ireland,DefenderoftheFaith,etc.,etc.,ndSingulartowhomthePrents

shallcome,Greeting!WhereasaTreatybetweenUsandOurGoodBrotherTheEmperorof

China,wasconcludedandsigned,intheEnglishandChineLanguages,onboardOurShip

theCornwallis,atNanking,ontheTwenty-ninthdayofAugust,intheYearofOurLordOne

ThousandEightHundredandForty-two,bythePlenipotentiariesofUsandofOursaid

GoodBrother,dulyandrespectivelyauthorizedforthatpurpo;whichTreatyishereunto

HerMajestytheQueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreat

BritainandIreland,andHisMajestytheEmperorofChina,beingdesirousofputtinganend

tothemisunderstandingsandconquenthostilitieswhichhavearinbetweenthetwo

Countries,haveresolvedtoconcludeaTreatyforthatpurpo,andhavethereforenamedas

theirPlenipotentiaries,thatistosay:HerMajestytheQueenofGreatBritainandIreland,

HENRYPOTTINGER,Bart.,aMajorGeneralintheServiceoftheEastIndiaCompany,etc.,etc.;

AndHisImperialMajestytheEmperorofChina,theHighCommiasionersKEYING,aMemberof

theImperialHou,aGuardianoftheCrownPrinceandGeneraloftheGarrisonofCanton;

andELEPOO,ofImperialKindred,graciouslypermittedtoweartheinsigniaofthefirst

rank,andthedistinctionofPeacock'sfeather,latelyMinisterandGovernorGeneraletc.,and

nowLieutenant-GeneralCommandingatChapoo:Who,afterhavingcommunicatedtoeach

othertheirrespectiveFullPowersandfoundthemtobeingoodanddueform,haveagreedupon,

andconcluded,thefollowingArticles:hallhenceforwardbePeace

andFriendshipbetweenHerMajestytheQueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand

Ireland,andHisMajestytheEmperorofChina,andbetweentheirrespectiveSubjects,whoshall

enjoyfullcurityandprotectionfortheirpersonsandpropertywithintheDominionsoftheother.

estytheEmperorofChinaagreesthatBritishSubjects,withtheir

familiesandestablishments,shallbeallowedtoreside,forthepurpoofcarryingontheir

Mercantilepursuits,withoutmolestationorrestraintattheCitiesandTownsofCanton,

Amoy,Foochow-fu,Ningpo,andShanghai,andHerMajestytheQueenofGreatBritain,etc.,

willappointSuperintendentsorConsularOfficers,toresideateachoftheabove-named

CitiesorTowns,tobethemediumofcommunicationbetweentheChineAuthoritiesandthe

saidMerchants,andtoethatthejustDutiesandotherDuesoftheChineGovernmentis

hereafterprovidedfor,aredulydischargedbyHerBritannicMajesty'sSubjects.

gobviouslynecessaryanddesirable,thatBritishSubjectsshouldhave

somePortwhereattheymaycareenandrefittheirShips,whenrequired,andkeepStoresfor

thatpurpo,HisMajestytheEmperorofChinacedestoHerMajestytheQueenofGreat

Britain,etc.,theIslandofHongkong,tobepossdinperpetuitybyHerBritannicMajesty,

HerHeirsandSuccessors,andtobegovernedbysuchLawsandRegulationsasHerMajesty

theQueenofGreatBritain,etc.,erorof

ChinaagreestopaythesumofSixMillionsofDollarsasthevalueofOpiumwhichwas

deliveredupatCantoninthemonthofMarch1839,asaRansomforthelivesofHerBritannic

Majesty'sSuperintendentandSubjects,whohadbeenimprisonedandthreatenedwithdeath

ernmentofChinahaving

compelledtheBritishMerchantstradingatCantontodealexclusivelywithcertainChine

MerchantscalledHongMerchants(orCohong)whohadbeenlicendbytheChine

Governmentforthatpurpo,theEmperorofChinaagreestoabolishthatpracticeinfuture

atallPortswhereBritishMerchantsmayreside,andtopermitthemtocarryontheir

mercantiletransactionswithwhateverpersonstheyplea,andHisImperialMajestyfurther

agreestopaytotheBritishGovernmentthesumofThreeMillionsofDollars,onacoountof

DebtsduetoBritishSubjectsbysomeofthesaidHongMerchants(orCohong),whohavebecome

insolvent,andwhooweverylargesumsofmoneytoSubjectsofHerBritannicMajesty.

ernmentofHerBritannicMajestyhavingbeenobligedtondoutan

ExpeditiontodemandandobtainredressfortheviolentandunjustProceedingsofthe

ChineHighAuthoritiestowardsHerBritannicMajesty'sOfficerandSubjects,theEmperor

ofChinaagreestopaythesumofTwelveMillionsofDollarsonaccountoftheExpens

incurred,andHerBritannicMajesty'sPlenipotentiaryvoluntarilyagrees,onbehalfofHerMajesty,

todeductfromthesaidamountofTwelveMillionsofDollars,anysumswhichmayhave

beenreceivedbyHerMajesty'scombinedForcesasRansomforCitiesandTownsinChina,

reedthattheTotal

amountofTwenty-oneMillionsofDollars,describedinthethreeprecedingArticles,shallbe

paidasfollows::NThree

Millionsonorbeforethe30thofthemonthofJune,andThreeMillionsonorbeforethe

:NTwoMillionsandaHalfonorbeforethe

30thofJune,

:NTwoMillionsonorbeforethe30thofJune,andTwoMillionsonor

beforethe31stofDecember;anditisfurtherstipulated,thatInterestattherateof5percent.

perannum,shallbepaidbytheGovernmentofChinaonanyportionsoftheabovesumsthat

erorof

ChinaagreestoreleaunconditionallyallSubjectsofleerBritannicMajesty(whetherNatives

ofEuropeorIndia)whomaybeinconfinementatthismoment,inanypartoftheChineEmpire.

erorofChinaagreestopublishandpromulgate,underHisImperial

SignManualandSeal,afullandentireamnestyandactofindemnity,toallSubjectsof

Chinaonaccountoftheirhavingresidedunder,orhavinghaddealingsandintercourwith,

orhavingenteredtheServiceofHerBritannicMajesty,orofHerMajesty'sOfficers,andHis

lmperialMajestyfurtherengagestoreleaallChineSubjectswhomaybeatthismomentin

estytheEmperorofChina

agreestoestablishatallthePortswhicharebythe2ndArticleofthisTreatytobethrown

openfortheresortofBritishMerchants,afairandregularTariffofExportandImportCustoms

andotherDues,whichTariffshallbepubliclynotifiedandpromulgatedforgeneral

information,andtheEmperorfurtherengages,thatwhenBritishMerchandishallhave

oncepaidatanyofthesaidPortstheregulatedCustomsandDuesagreeabletotheTariff,to

behereafterfixed,suchMerchandimaybeconveyedbyChineMerchants,toany

ProvinceorCityintheinterioroftheEmpireofChinaonpayingafurtheramountasTransit

EXl.

ItisagreedthatHerBritannicMajesty'sChiefHighOfficerinChinashallcorrespondwiththe

ChineHighOfficers,bothattheCapitalandintheProvinces,undertheterm

"Communication"[chinecharacters].TheSubordinateBritishOfficersandChineHigh

OfficersintheProvincesundertheterms"Statement"[chinecharacters]onthepartofthe

former,andonthepartofthelatter"Declaration"[chinecharacters],andthe

ntsandothersnotholding

officialsituationsand,therefore,notincludedintheabove,onbothsides,toutheterm"

Reprentation"[chinecharacters]inallPapersaddresdto,orintendedforthenoticeof

sntoftheEmperorofChinato

thisTreatybeingreceivedandthedischargeofthefirstinstalmentofmoney,HerBritannic

Majesty'sForceswillretirefromNankingandtheGrandCanal,andwillnolongermolestor

itaryPostatChinhaiwillalsobewithdrawn,buttheIslandsof

KoolangsooandthatofChusanwillcontinuetobeheldbyHerMajesty'sForcesuntilthemoney

payments,andthearrangementsforopeningthePortstoBritishMerchantsbecompleted.

ificationoftheTreatybyHerMajestytheQueenofGreatBritain,

etc.,andHisMajestytheEmperorofChinashallbeexchangedassoonasthegreatdistance

whichparatesEnglandfromChinawilladmit;butinthemeantimecounterpartcopiesofit,

signedandaledbythePlenipotentiariesonbehalfoftheirrespectiveSovereigns,shallbe

mutuallydelivered,

NankingandSignedandSealedbythePlenipotentiariesonboardHerBritannicMajesty'sship

Cornwallis,thistwenty-ninthdayofAugust,1842,correspondingwiththeChinedate,

twenty-fourthdayoftheventhmonthinthetwenty-condYearofTAOUKWANG.

(L.S.)HENRYPOTTINGER,HerMajesty'eSignatures(3).*

|ChineSeal.|We,havingenandconsideredtheTreatyaforesaid,haveapproved,

accepted,andconfirmedthesameinallandeveryoneofitsArticlesandClaus,asWedo

bythePrentsapprove,accept,confirm,andratifyitforOurlves,OurHeirs,and

Successors:EngagingandPromisinguponOurRoyalWord,thatWewillsincerelyand

faithfullyperformandobrveallandsingularthethingswhicharecontainedandexpresdinthe

Treatyaforesaid,andthatWewillneversufferthesametobeviolatedbyanyone,or

transgresdinanymanner,greaterTestimony

andValidityofallwhich,WehavecaudtheGreatSealofOurUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain

andIrelandtobeaffixedtothePrents,whichWehavesignedwithOurRoyalHand.

GivenatOurCourtatWindsorCastle,theTwenty-eighthdayofDecember,intheYearofOur

LordOneThousandEightHundredandForty-two,andintheSixthYearofOurReign.

(Signed)VICTORIAR.*ThepreamblementionstwoChinenegotiatorsonly,KEYING

rdsignaturewasthatofNIUKIEN,LiangKiangViceroy.