EnglishLiterature
英国文学主要分类
一、TheOldEnglishLiterature
中古英国文学
二、TheRenaissancePeriod
文艺复兴时期文学(伊丽莎白时代,14-16世纪)
三、The17centuryEnglishLiterature
17世纪英国文学
四、The18centuryEnglishLiterature
18世纪英国文学(启蒙时期)
五、LiteratureofRomanticAge
浪漫主义时期文学
六、LiteratureinVictoriaPeriod
维多利亚时期文学
七、LiteratureinModernPeriod
现在时期英国文学
Themaincontenttoknow
•Backgroundknowledge(fromhistory,cultureatmosphere)
•ImportantLiteraryTerms
•ImportantWritersandLiteraryWorks
TheOldEnglishLiterature
(一)GeneralIntroduction(总体介绍)
TheOldEnglishliterature(whichlastedfrom499to1066)ixclusivelyaver(诗篇)literatureinoral
eretwogroupsofEnglishpoetryinthisperiod-thefirstwasthepagan(异教的)poetry
reprentedbyBeowulf,thecondwasthereligiouspoetryreprentedbytheworksofCaedmonand
Cynewulf.
Inthe8thcentury,tfamousprowritersofthatperiodwere
VenerablebedeandAlfredtheGreat.
AftertheNormanConques,threelanguagexistedinEngland,whichwereFrenchspokenbythe
Normans,Engl
anceprosperedfor300
years(1200-1500)fromwhichweeanepitome(缩影)oftheMiddleAges.
Inthe15thcentury,EnglishballadsbecameverypopularandtheonlyimportantwriterwasThomas
Malory.
(二)ImportantLiteraryTerms
OldEnglish(古英语):languagespokenbytheAnglo-SaxonsiscalledtheOldEnglish,whichisthe
foundationofEnglishlanguageandliterature.
Romance(中世纪的传奇故事):
wasalongcomposition,sometimesinver,sometimesinpro,describingthelifeandadventuresofa
noblehero.
(三)ImportantWritersandLiteraryWorks
f(《贝奥武甫》)
BeowulfistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguageandthemostimportantspe-cimenofAnglo-Saxon
nstoriesarebadonthefolklegendsoftheprimitivenortherntribes.
ousPoets(宗教诗人)
Caedmon(卡德蒙,610-680)
ownasthefatherofEnglishsong,
Caedmon’sHymn(《卡德蒙的赞美诗》)isapraipoeminhonorofgod.
Cynewulf(基涅武甫,公元九世纪)
ucedfourpoems,ofwhichTheChrist(《基督》)isthemost
houtthepoem,adeeploveforChristandreverenceforVirginMary(圣母利亚)are
expresd.
riters(散文作家)
VenerableBede(可敬的比德,672-735)
Bede,alsoreferredtoasSaintBede(圣比德)ortheVenerableBede,iswellknownasanauthorand
scholar,andhismostfamouswork,HistoriaEcclesiasticaGentisAnglorum,orAnEcclesiasticaHistoryof
theEnglishPeople(《英吉利人教会史》),gainedhimthetitle“TheFatherofEnglishHistory”(英国史
学之父)
AlfredtheGreat(阿尔弗雷德大帝,849-899)
AlfredistheonlyEnglishmonarchtobeaccordedtheepithet“theGreat”(唯一一个被授予“大帝”名号额
英格兰国王).HewasthefirstKingoftheWestSaxonstostylehimlf“KingoftheAnglo-saxons”(将自
己命名为“盎格鲁-撒克逊之王”的西撒克逊国王).TheAnglo-SaxonChronicle(《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年
史》)isacollectionofannals(年鉴)al
manusriptoftheChroniclewascreatedlateinthe9thcentury,probablyinWesx,duingthereignof
AlfredtheGreat.
ance(传奇)
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight(《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》)
Itisaromanceof2,530linesderivedfromCelticlegend(凯尔特骑士).SirCawain,nephewofKing
Arthur,acceptedthechallengeoftheGreenKnightintheGreenChapel(绿教堂).Atlast,hegotagirdle
(腰带)asagiftfromtheKnightandhisstorybecamewidelyknown.
haucer(乔叟时代)
The14thcenturyiscalled“AgeofChaucer”.ChaucerandLangland(朗格兰,1332-1400,英国诗人),
werethemostimportantwritersofage.
CeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里·乔叟,1343-1400)
Chaucerisacclaimednotonlyas“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”(英国诗歌之父),butalsoas“thefather
ofEnglishfiction(英国小说之父).Hismasterpiece,TheCanterburyTales(《坎特伯雷故事集》),isone
ofthemostfamousworksinallliteratures.
Chaucerwroteinvividandexactlanguage;hispoetryisfullvigorandswiftness.
BookoftheDuchess《公爵夫人之书》
TheHouofFame《声誉之宫》
TheParliamentofFowls《百鸟会议》
TheLegendofGoodWomen《贤妇传说》
TroilusandCriyde《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》
15thCenturyBallads(民歌,歌谣)
ThomasMalory(托马斯·马洛礼,1405-1471)
TomasMalorywroteanimportantworkcalledLeMorted’Arthur(《亚瑟王之死》).Thecentralconcern
iswiththeadventuresofArthurandhisfamousKnightsoftheRoundTable(圆桌骑士).Thebookisvery
hurianmaterialshaveastronginfluenceonliteratureoflater
centuries.
TheRenaissancePeriod
伊丽莎白时代,14—16世纪
一)GeneralIntroduction(总体介绍)
TheRenaissance(文艺复兴)wasaEuropeanphenomenon,lish
RenaissanceencouragedthereformationoftheChurch.
InElizabethan(伊丽莎白)period,tdistinctive
dramaisthelyricalpoetry(抒情诗),remarkable
foritsvarietyandfreshnessandromanticfeeling.
Inthatperiod,writingpeotrybecameafashionandEnglandbecame“anestofsingingbirds”.Inthasame
period,FrancisBaconwrotemorethanfiftyexcellentessays,whichmakehimoneofthebestessayists(散
文家)inEnglishliterature.
(二)ImportantLiteraryTerms
1)Renaissance:
IntheRenaissancePeriod,scholarsbegantoemphasizethecapacitiesofhumanmindandthe
nism(人文主义)becamethekeynoteofEnglishRenaissance.
EnglishRenaissanceisdiviedintothreeperiods:
①the1stperiodfrom1516to1578iscalledthebeginningoftheRenaissance.
②The2ndperiodfrom1578to1625isknownasthefloweringperiod.
③The3rdperiodfrom1625to1660istheepilogue(尾声)oftheRenaissance.
2)SpenrianStanza(斯宾塞诗体)
anzahasninelines,eachofthefirsteightlinesisiniambic
pentameterandtheninthlineisaniambichexameterline.
(每个诗节由九行组成,前八行为五步抑扬格,第九行为六步抑扬格。)
3)Euphuism(夸饰文体)
stisabundantuofbalancedntences,
ondelementistheuofoddsimilescomparisons.
(这种文体有两个显著的特点:其一是大量使用对句、头韵和其他做作的韵律方法;其二是使用怪
异的明喻和对比。)
4)Sonnet(十四行诗)
AsonnetisaformofapoemthatoriginatedinEurope,mainlyItaly,homas
peareansonnectcontains
threequatrainsandarhymingcoupletandeachlinehastensyllables.
(十四行诗起源于欧洲,主要是意大利,总共包括14行。托马斯·怀亚特最先将十四行诗引入英国
文学。莎士比亚式十四行诗由三节四行诗组和一个对句构成,每行10个音节。)
5)BlankVer(无韵诗)
opherMarlowewasthefirstEnglish
authortomakefulluofthepotentialofbankver,andalsoestablisheditasthedominantverformfor
Englishdrama.
(无韵诗采用不押韵的抑扬格五音步。克里斯托弗·马洛是最先充分使用无韵诗的英国作家,他让无
韵诗成为英国戏剧的主要表现形式。)
(三)ImportantWritersandLiteraryWorks
hPoets
1)ThomasWyatt(托马斯·怀亚特,1503-1542)
ThomasWyattisthemostinterestingpoetofthefirsthalfof16thcenturyandthefirsttointroducethe
sonnetintoEnglishliterature.
2)HenryHoward(亨利·霍华德,1516-1547,英国诗人)
英国史上第一个创作无韵诗的人。
3)SirPhilipSideny(菲利普·西德尼爵士,1554-1586,英国诗人,英格兰诗人)
4)EdmundSpenr(埃蒙德·斯宾塞,1552-1599)
EdmundSpenrisoftenreferredtoas“thepoets’poet(诗人中的诗人),generallyacknowledgedasthe
greatestnon-dramaticpoetoftheElizabethanperiod.
TheFaerieQueen(《仙后》)ishismasterpiece,alongpoemdedicatedtoQueenElizabethanandwrittenin
theformofAllegory(寓言).
hPro(散文)
1)ThomasMore(托马斯·莫尔,1478-1535)andhisUtopia(《乌托邦》)
UtopiaisMore’smasterpiece,k
offersusapictureo
rxhighlycommentedonthiswork.
2)JohnLyly(约翰·黎里,1553-1606,英国剧作家和小说家)
HisnovelEupheus(《尤费伊斯》)gaveritotheterm“Euphuism”,designatinganaffectedstyleofcourt
speech.
3)FrancisBacon(弗朗西斯·培根,1561-1626)
FrancisBaed
himlf“thetrumpeterofanewage”.HewaEngland’sfirstessayist.
Bancon’heessaysthe
famouspiecesareOfStudy,OfLoveandOfBeauty.
hDrama(戏剧)
1)ChristopherMarlowe(克里斯托弗·马洛,1564-1593)
MarlowewasthegreatestplaywrightbeforeShakespeareandthemogiftedofthe“UniversityWits”(大
学才子派,指一群只要来自牛津、剑桥两所大学的人文主义剧作家和散文小说家).TheTragicHistory
ofDoctorFaustus(《浮士德博士的悲剧》)ishisbestplay,whichissymbolicofahumanist.
ItisMakspavedthe
wayfortheplaysofthegreatestEnglishdramatist-Shakespeare.
2)BenJohnson(本·琼森,1562-1637)
OfmanysuccessorsofShakespeare,texcellent
satiricalcomedy(讽刺喜剧)isVolpone(《狐狸》)
3)WilliamShakespeare(威廉·莎士比亚,1564-1616)
wasabout14yearsold,hehadtoleave
1582,hemarriedAnneHathaway,whowas8yearsolderthanhim.
1612heretiredfromthestageandreturnedto
hishometownanddiedin1616.
Duringthe22yearsofhisliterarycareer,heproduced37plays,154sonnetsandsomelongpoems.
(在他22年的写作生活中,他创作了37部戏剧,154首十四行诗和若干长诗)
Shakespeareproduced16comedies.
FourGreatComedies(四大喜剧):
AMidsummerNight’sDream(《仲夏夜之梦》),
AsYouLikeIt(《皆大欢喜》),
TheMerchantofVenice(《威尼斯商人》),
TheTwelfthNight(《第十二夜》).
Othercomedies:
MuchAdoAboutNothing(《无事生非》)
TheTamingoftheShrew(《驯悍记》)
《威尼斯商人》
威尼斯商人安东尼奥(Antonio),为帮助好友巴萨尼奥(Bassanio)娶得波西亚(Portia),而与仇家
---放高利贷的犹太人夏洛克(Shylock)借钱。答应若无法还钱,就割下自己的一磅肉抵债。不料,他
的商船在海上遇险,因而无法如期还款,被夏洛克告上了法庭。
一再遭对方侮辱歧视,女儿洁西卡(Jessica)又跟罗伦佐(Lorenzo)私奔,因此夏洛克怀着深仇大恨,
来到威尼斯法庭。他斩钉截铁的拒绝和解,坚决按照借据条款,从安东尼奥身上割下一磅肉,这时
剧情达到扣人心弦的最高潮。
另一方面,在幽雅的贝尔蒙庄园,美丽富有的少女波西亚(Portia)发出叹息:她的终身大事必须
采决于父亲生前设置的金银铅三个彩匣,选中正确彩匣的求婚者就是她的丈夫。波西亚被父亲剥夺
了婚姻自主权,为此感到苦恼。所幸她情意所钟的巴萨尼奥选中了铅盒,有情人终成眷属。
以上的两条情节线在‘法庭诉讼’一幕中汇合在一起,装扮成法学博士的波西亚在千均一发之刻大呼
‘等一下!’并向夏洛克指出,借据上只说他可取安东尼奥的一磅肉,但可没说他能拿安东尼奥的一滴
血。夏洛克自然无法只割安东尼奥的肉而不令他流血,聪慧的波西亚运用机智救了丈夫好友的性命。
打赢官司后,波西亚恶作剧的向没认出她的丈夫,讨了结婚戒指作为胜诉的酬劳,回家后再假
意责怪他,引起一场喜剧性的吵嘴。最后在巴萨尼奥的恍然大悟中,本剧圆满落幕。
Shakespearewrote11tragedies.
FourGreatTragedies(四大悲剧):Hamlet(《哈姆雷特》),Othello(《奥赛罗》),KingLear(《李尔王》),
Macbeth(《麦克白》)
Tragicomedy(悲喜剧):RomeoandJuliet(《罗密欧与朱丽叶》).
AmongShakespeare’s10historicalplays(历史剧),HenryⅣ(《亨利四世)andHenryⅤ(《亨利五世》)
aretworemarkableones.
Twolongnarrativepoems(长篇叙事诗)are:VenusandAdonis(《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》)
TheRapeofLucrece(《路易丝受辱记》)
ysaremirrorsofhisage.
Practices1
fthefollowingisNOTwrittenbyWilliamShakespeare?
lfthNight
fthefollowingisNOTShakespeare’stragedies?
h.
“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”?
eyChaucer
tdistinctiveachievementofElizabethanliteratureis_____.
.
答案:BADA
The17centuryEnglishLiterature
17世纪英国文学
(一)LiteratureofRevolutionPeriod(AgeofMilton)
革命时期的文学(弥尔顿时期)
nliteraryformoftheperiodwaspoetry.
Amongthepoets,shim,thereweretwoothergroupsofpoets,the
Metaphysical(玄学派)andtheCavalier(骑士派)poets.
nne(约翰·多恩,1572—1631,英国玄学派创始人)
terpiece(杰作)isAValediction:
ForbiddingMourning(《临别辞:莫悲伤》)
Herbert(乔治·赫伯特,1593—1633,英国玄学派诗人)
GeorgeHerbertisthe“SaintoftheMetaphysicalSchool”(玄学派的圣人).HismasterpiecesareThe
Altar(《祭坛》)andEasterWings(《复活节的翅膀》).
nyan(约翰·班扬,1628—1688)
JohnBunyanoccupt
famousworkisThePilgrim’sProgress(《天路历程》).
Bunyanisknownforhissimpleandlivelyprostyle.
lton(约翰·弥尔顿,1608—1674)
ifeandliterarycareerthetwodominant
historicalmovementsofRenaissanceandReformation(宗教改革运动)combinedandreceivedtheirmost
roverhisagejustasShakespearetowersovertheElizabethan
AgeandChaucerovertheMedievalAge.
was
heRestorationoftheMonarchyin
1660,MiltonbeganhismasterpieceParadiLost(《失乐园》).Beforehisdeath,hepublishedtwoother
worksParadiRegained(《复乐园》)andSamsonAgonistes(《力士参孙》),butneitherisassuccessful
asParadiLost.
(二)LiteratureofRevolutionPeriod(AgeofDryden)
革命时期的文学之德莱顿时期
Restorationliteratureischaracterizedbyacliquish(小集团的)culturecenteringonthecourtanddeeply
tersoftheagedevelopedtwomarkedtendencies,tendencyto
Formalism.
JohnDryden(约翰·德莱顿,1631—1700,英国作家和桂冠诗人)
Drydenisthemo
ost20years,hewasEngland’spoetlaureate(“桂冠诗人”).
Heestablishedtheheroiccouplet(英雄双韵体)asthefashionforsatiric,didactic(说教的)anddescriptive
poetry.
Hisworksinclude:AnEssayofDramaticPoesy(《论戏剧诗歌》),TheHindandthePanther(牝鹿与豹》)
andAllforLore(《一切为了爱情》).
The18centuryEnglishLiterature
18世纪英国文学
(一)GeneralIntroduction总体介绍
ewritersdescribedintheirworkswere
ture,whichincludedthebook,
thenewspaperandthemagazine,becauthechiefinstrumentofthenation’ada
ofexcellentprowriterssuchasAddison,Steele,Swiftand
ritingmadeabigadvance,andsatirewasmuchudinwritinginthis
century.
(二)ImportantLiteraryTerms重要文学术语
Enlightenment(启蒙运动):TheEnlightenmentwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementthrougoutWestern
Enlightenmentthoughtthechiefmeansforbetteringthesocietyinlightenmentoreducationforthe
people.
(三)Neo-ClassicisminEnglishLiterature英国文学中的新古典主义
lIntroduction
y18thcentury,writersofthe
Neo-ClassicalschoolwereAddison,iddledecades,SamuelJohnsonbecamethe
leaderoftheClassicalschool.
TheiedtomadeEnglish
literatureconformtorules
writingplays,theyudrimedcouplet(两行诗)oughtpoetryshouldfollow
theanchouldbepreci,
Neo-Classicistsfollowedthestandards.
antWritersandLiteraryWorks
1)AlexanderPope(亚历山大·蒲柏,1688—1744)
masterinsatireandheroic
orworksincludeAnEassayonCritism(《论批判》),TheRapeoftheLock(《夺发记》),
EassyonMan(《论人类》).pieda
lyperiodofthe18thcenturyhasoftenbeen
namedafterhimasthe“AgeofPope”.HisinfluenceonByronwasgreat.
2)RichardSteele(理查德·斯梯尔,1672—1729)andJophAddison(约翰夫·艾迪生,1672—
1729)
TheliteraryperiodicalsTheTattler(《闲谈者报》)andTheSpectator(《旁观者报》)wereSteeleandAddison’
schiefcontributiontoEnglishliterature.
RichardSteeleandJophAddisonhadthefollowingcontributionstoEnglishliterature:
①Theirwritingsinthetwoperiodiclsprovideanewcodeofsocialmoralityfortherisingbourgeoisie(资
产阶级).
②TheygiveaturepictureofsociallifeofEnglandinthe18thcentury.
③TheEnglishessaycompletelyestablishesasaliterarygenreintheirhands.
3)SamuelJohnson(塞缪尔·约翰逊,1709—1784)
Johnsonwasregaredastheliterarydictatoranda“grandchampioninliteratureofthatage”.Hewasa
vouminous(著书多的)isworks,thebestknownareTheDictionaryoftheEnglish
Language(《英语字典》)andTheLivesofEnglishPoets(《诗人传》)。Thedictionarybecamethe
eofEnglishPoetsconsistsofthebiographies
of52poetsandaffordssomeofthebest-knownpicturesoftheearlyEnglishpoets.
Johnsondiedin1784andwasburiedamongEngland’shonoredpoetsinWestminsterAbbey.
(四)EnglishNovelistsofRealisticTradition
英国小说家的现实主义传统
lIntroduction
The18thcenturyproducedthefirstEnglishnovelistswhofollowedtwotraditionsinwriting,thusfalling
intotwogroups—theSentimentalistnovelists(感伤主义小说家)eand
growthoftherealisticnove
majornovelistsofthisgroupareDanielDefoe,JonathanSwift,HenryFieldingandTobiasGeorge
Smollett.
antWritersandLiteraryWorks
1)DanielDefoe(丹尼尔·笛福,1661—1731)
Defongcreative
spiritinnovelwritingwonhimthetitle“FatherofEnglishandEuropeanNovels”(英国小说及欧洲小说
之父).
wasnearly60yearsold,
firstnovelTheLifeandStrangSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe(《鲁滨逊漂流记》)wasagreat
successandDefoebecameawell-knownwriteralloverEurope.
RobinsonCrusoereprentedtheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlystageitsdevelopment.
2)JonathanSwift(乔纳森·斯威夫特,1667—1745)
raduationfromDublinUniversity,hewenttoEnglandandbecamethe
thisperiod,,in
ordertojointhestuggleoftheIrishpeopleagainsttheirEnglishoppressors,hewrotesomepamphlets
estProposal(《一个小小的建议》),withbitterirony,Swiftsuggestedthatthe
poorIrishpeasantsfattentheirone-year-oldchildrenandgovernment.
IntheperiodwhenhewasclolylinkedwiththeIrishpeople,hewrotehismasterpieceGulliver’s
Travels(《格列佛游记》).
3)HenryFielding(亨利·菲尔丁,1707—1754)
HenryFiedingisthegreatestnovelistofthe18thcenturyandisoneofthemostartisticthatEnglish
literaturehasproduced.
Hecamefromanaristocratic(贵族的)aliving,hesoonbecameoneof
1748,1749,appearedhismasterpiece,
TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling(《弃婴汤姆·琼斯的故事》).
4)TobiasGeorgeSmollett(托比亚斯·乔治·斯摩莱特,1721—1771)
HewasaScottishpoetandauthor,bestknownforhisPicaresquenovels(流浪汉小说),suchasRoderick
Random(《蓝登传》)andTheAdventuresofPeregrinePickle(《匹克尔传》),whichinfluencedlater
novelistssuchasCharlesDickens(查尔斯·狄更斯).
(五)EnglishNovelistsofSentimentalTradition
英国小说家的感伤主义传统
1)SamuelRichardson(塞缪尔·理查森,1689—1761,英国作家)
Hismainworksinclude:Pamela,orVirtueRewarded(《帕米拉》),ClarissaHarlowe(《克拉丽莎》)and
SirRichardGrandison(《查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士》)
2)LaurenceSterne(劳伦斯·斯怀特,1713—1768,英国作家)
HismostfamousbookistheLifeandOpinionsofTristramShandy
(《项狄传》),whichhasanunusualandqueerartisticform.
3)OliverGoldsmith(奥利弗·戈德史密斯,1728—1774,英国作家)
mTheDerted
Village(《荒村》)terpieceTheVicarofWakefield
(《威克菲尔德的牧师》)providesoneofthemostenduringcharactersinEnglishfiction.
(六)PoetryofthePre-RmanticismandSentimentalism
前浪漫主义和感伤主义诗歌
lIntroduction
Duringthemiddledecadesofthe18thcentury,Romanticpoemsandpoetsincreadsteadilyinnumber
geofWordsworthandScott,thespiritofRomanticismbegantodominateEnglish
literture.
antLiteraryTerms
Romanticism(浪漫主义):Ithassixprominentcharacteristics,whichdistinguishitfromtheso-called
classicliterature.
①TheRomanticMovementismarkedbyastrongreactionandprotestagainstthebondageofruleand
custom.
②Romanticismreturnstonatureandtoplainhumanityforitsmaterial.
③Itismarkedbyrenewedinterestinmedievalidealsandliterature.
④Itismarkedbyintenhumansympathyandbyaconquentunderstandingofthehumanheart.
⑤TheRomanticMovementistheexpressionofindividualgeniusratherthanestablishedrules.
⑥Spenr,ShakespeareandMiltonareinspirationoftheRomanticMovement.
中外浪漫主义的对比
浪漫主义总的特点:浪漫主义宗旨与“理性”相对立,主要特征注重个人感情的表达,形式较少拘束
且自由奔放。浪漫主义手法则通过幻想或复古等手段超越现实,法语的浪漫一词意味着感情丰富、
多愁善感。
西方的浪漫主义文学的基本特征:
1强烈的主观色彩,偏爱表现主观思想,注重抒发个人的感受和体验。常常会有一大段地说着哲理
知识。
2作者们喜欢将自己的理解人物置身于纯朴宁静的大自然中,衬托现实社会的丑恶及自身理解的美
好。重视心理变化,也将外部的环境与自己的思想同化。
3重视中世纪民间文学。想象比较丰富、感情真挚、表达直接、自由,语言朴素自然。
4注重优美的艺术效果:异国青岛情调、对比、夸张、人物形象的超凡性
中国的浪漫主义
1.注重外部环境和心里活动相互结合,交递的写法。
2.对名族的,民间的文化不太重视,而是将对自己前程的期盼,报国的雄心抑或官场上的失落作为
重要思想底蕴
3.文字要表达的思想也很含蓄,不能直接地叙述出来,而是通过眼前的景物,或事物来表达。所含
的哲学也是深藏在文字里。
4.人物个性化不强,更不具有让人觉得很深刻的超凡性。
中国的代表:屈原《离骚》、李白《将进酒》、《蜀道难》、李贺《李凭箜篌引》、张若虚《春江花月
夜》等。
例句:1.兰芷变而不芳兮,荃蕙化而为茅。何昔日之芳草兮,今直为此萧艾也?——屈原《离骚》
2.西当太白有鸟道,可以横绝峨眉巅。地崩山摧壮士死,然后天梯石栈相钩连。——李白《蜀道难》
Sentimentalism(感伤主义):Itindulgesinemotionandntiment,whichareudasasortofreliefforthe
grieffelttowardstheword’swrongsandasakindofmildprotestagainstthesocialinjustice.
感伤主义又称主情主义。因排斥理性,崇尚感情,也称前浪漫主义。感伤主义发源于英国,后传入
法国、俄国和德国等欧洲国家。由于英国资本主义的加速发展,社会矛盾日益加剧,中下层资产
阶级文人深感社会贫富不均,自身的社会地位和物质生活得不到保障,感伤情绪日渐浓厚。感伤主
义正是这种情绪在文学上的表现。它注意内心的情感,夸大感情的作用,强调感情的自然流露,重
视自然景物的描写,特别强调对个性和个人的精神生活的刻画。认为文学的主要任务就是细致刻画
人物的心理活动和不幸的生活遭遇,以唤起读者的同情和共鸣。
(中国类似的代表作家:巴金,张爱玲)
antWritersandLiteraryWorks
1)WilliamBlake(威廉·布莱克,1757—1827,浪漫主义诗人)
Blake’smainworksinclude:
SongofInnocence(《天真之歌》):Thiscollectionpoemswrittenforchildrenofwhichthebest-knownis
TheLamb(《羔羊》).
SongofExperience(《经验之歌》):ThiscollectionismuchmatureandisBlake’
best-knownpoemsinthiscollectionareTheTiger(《老虎》),London(《伦敦》)andThe
Chimney-Sweeper(《扫烟囱的孩子》).
Thepoemsinthiscollectionshowthatthepoet’yeswereopentotheevilsandvicesoftheworld.
2)RobertBurns(罗伯斯·彭斯,1759–1796,苏格兰诗人)
RobertBurns’poetryfallsintoveralgroupsaccordingtothesubjectmatter.
MostofBurns’e
tknownlyricsareARed,RedRo(《红红的玫瑰》),andAuldLang
sung(《旧日美好的时光》).
Burnswrotesomepoemstoexpresshishatredfortheoppressionoftherulingclassandhislovefor
freedom.
hispoemsand
epeople’spoet.
(七)EnglishDramainthe18thcentury
18世纪的英国戏剧
lIntroduction
In1728JohnGay(约翰·盖伊,1685—1732,英国剧作家)producedhisfamousopera,TheBeggar’s
Opera(《乞丐歌剧》),whichachievedoneofthemostconspicuousstagetriumphsinEnglishdramatic
ondhalfofthe18thcenturyproducedthegreatestEnglishplaywrightofthecentury,
RichardBrinsleySheridan,whodramaticwritingsmarkedthehighlightsofthe18thcenturyEnglish
ritedthetraditionofRealismindramawriting.
antWritersandLiteraryWorks
RichardBrinsleySheridan(理查德·布林斯里·谢立丹,1751—1816)
ramaticworks,theartificialcomedyreachesitsclimaxandthe
iscomedies,themostfamousonesareThe
Rivals(《情敌》)andTheSchoolforScandal(《造谣学校》).
Practices2
Lostisamasterpieceby_____.
lton
nson
m“metaphysicalpoetry”iscommonlyudtonametheworksofthe17thcenturywriterswho
wroteundertheinfluenceof____.
nyan
nne
id-18th,anewliterarymovementcalled____cametoEuropeandthentoEngland.
m
elGulliver’sTravelswaswrittenby____.
ceSterne
anSwift
ie:ForbidingMourningisthemasterpieceof_____.
dSpenr
nne
aissancewasaEuropeanphenomenon,whichoriginatedin____.
lly,theEnglishRenaissancereferstotheperiodbetween____.
A.14thandmid-17B.14thandmid-18th
C.16thandmid-18thD.16thandmid-17th
fthefollowingnovelisdifferentfromtheothers?
ndPrejudice
er’toryofTomJones,aFoundling
答案:BDADDCDB
LiteratureofRomanticAge
浪漫主义时期文学
(一)GeneralIntroduction总体介绍
1798,WilliamWordsworthandhis
friendsSamuelTaylorColeridgepublishedtheirjointworkLyricalBallads(《抒情歌谣集》).The
publicationof1832,the
lastRomanticwriterWalterScottdied,whichmarkedtheendoftheage.
ryoftheageisen
inthepoetryofWordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,ShelleyandKeats.
uringthisagethatwomenforthefirsttimeassumedan
importantplaceinEngishliterature.(这一时期,女性第一次登上英国文学的舞台。)Thegreatest
sthebestessayistinthisage.
英国是最早出现浪漫主义文学的国家之一。英国的浪漫主义作家不满于资本主义城市文明的发展,
具有愤世嫉俗、归隐自然的倾向。然而,英国浪漫主义第一批真正的大师则是被称为“湖畔派”的
三位诗人。WilliamWordsworth(威廉·华兹华斯)是湖畔派诗人中成就最高者,他与「湖畔派」另一
诗人SamuelTaylorColeridge(萨缪尔·柯勒律治)共同出版《抒情歌谣集》,成为英国浪漫主义文学
的奠基之作。诗集中收录的诗歌大部分为华兹华斯所做,而柯勒律治的名诗《古舟子咏》和《忽必
烈汗》亦收入其中,充满幻觉和奇谲的意象。然而华兹华斯这一时期最重要的作品则是长诗《序曲》。
他的诗歌极富古之幽情,与世俗格格不入。湖畔派三位诗人均蛰居于英国西北湖区,缅怀中世纪和
宗法式的乡村生活,是浪漫主义文学中温婉清丽的代表。
(二)RomanticPoetsoftheFirstGeneration第一代浪漫主义
TheRomanticpoetsofthisgroupareWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeandRobertSouthey.
TheyarealsocalledLakersorLakePoets(湖畔诗人).
mWordsworth(威廉·华兹华斯,1770—1850,英国诗人)
uralbeautyandgrandeurofthis
1787,heattendedCambridge
1797,
friendshipi,heacceptedthe
officeofadistributorofstampsandwasmade”PoetLaureate”(桂冠诗人).Hediedin1850whenhewas80
yearsold.
LyricalBallands(《抒情歌谣集》)
Thebest-knownpoemscontributedbyWordsworthareLinesCompodaFewMilesaboveTintern
Abbey(《顶灯寺旁》)andLinesWritteninEarlySpring(《早春》).Coleridge’scontributiontothisworkwas
hismasterpieceTheRimeoftheAncientMariner(《古舟子咏》).
PoemsonNatureandCountryLife
ThemostfamouspoemsinthisgroupareIWanderedLonelyasaCloud(《我似流云天自由》)andThe
SolitaryReaper(《孤独的刈麦女》).
Amonghislongerpoems,thebest-knownisThePrelude(《序曲》).
Wtryisdistinguishedby
thesimplicityandpurityofitslanguage.
TaylorColeridge(塞缪尔·泰勒·科勒律治,1772—1834,英国诗人)
ucedthreemainpoems:TheRimeoftheAncient
Marier(《古舟子咏》),whichishismasterpiece,KublaKhan(《忽必烈汗》)andChristabel(《克里斯
塔贝尔》).
GeorgeGordonByron(乔治·拜伦)和PercyByssheShelley(雪莱)两位诗人将英国的浪漫主义文学
推向高峰。他们和湖畔派诗人的不同之处在于其作品更具战斗意识和政治倾向。雪莱的代表作《解
放了的普罗米修斯》通过神话描写被压迫的人民的苦难和暴君的必然下场,预言革命一定会到来。
他的短诗《西风颂》、《致云雀》等音韵铿锵,更有“冬天如果来了,春天还会远吗?”等名句传世。
拜伦是19世纪上半期最为著名的浪漫主义诗人,他一生游历各地,其诗作充满异域情调。代表作
《唐璜》是对资本主义制度的一场深入骨髓的检阅,发人深省。在欧洲,拜伦成为一种文化现象。
人们把孤独、悲壮、崇尚个人式反抗的浪漫主义者形象称为“拜伦式英雄”。拜伦晚年投身于希腊的
民族解放运动,并最终因伤寒而死于希腊战场。
(三)RomanticPoetsofthencondGeneration
第二代浪漫主义
ThecondgenerationofEnglishRomanticpoetswasallprecociousandintenandhadtragicallyshort
tthemlvesagainstthebourgeoissocietyandthe
dintenloveforliberty.
GordonByron(乔治·戈登·拜伦,1788—1824,英国诗人)
ByronwaducatedinCambridgeUniversity,1815,Byronmarried
hebirthoftheirdaughter,eftEngland
1824,ByrondiedoffeverinGreece.
Byronwrotealotoflyricalpoems(抒情诗).t-knownpiecesare
SheWalksinBeauty(《她走在美的光影里》),WhenWeTwoParted(《昔日依依别》)andHebrew
Melodies(《希伯来歌曲》).
Byronischieflyknownforhistwolongpoems,oneisChildeHarold’sPrilgrimage(《恰尔德·哈罗尔德
记》),theotherisDonJuan(《唐璜》),whichishismasterpiece.
erarycareerwascloly
msarefavoritesoftheBritish
workers.
yssheShelley(珀西·比希·雪莱,1792—1822,英国诗人)
womarriagesandthecond
isfirstwifediedandhewascompelledtoleaveEnglandin1818andspentallthe
restofhislifeinItaly,1822,hewasdrowned.
PrometheusUnbound(《解放了的普罗米修斯》)isShelly’ryistakenfromGreek
ingtoGreekmyth,PrometheusstealsfirefromHeavenandispunishedbyZeus,who
yzeusisoverthrownandHerculestsPrometheusfree.
Shelly’stlovelyrics
are:OdetotheWestWind(《西风颂》)andToaSkylark(《致云雀》).“Ifwintercomes,canspringbefar
behind?”isafamouslineinOdetotheWestWind.
ats(约翰·济慈,1795—1821,英国诗人)
1817,hepublishedhisfirstvolumeofpoemsandin1818appearedhis
inRomeattheageof26.
HisfamousworksareOdetoaNightingale(《夜莺颂》),OdeonaGrecianUrn(《希腊古瓮颂》)andOde
toAutumn(《秋颂》).Therefore,Ode(颂诗)ishismainformofpoetry.
dingprincipleis“Beautyisturth,truthbeauty.”His
poetryisdistinguishedbynsuousness(知觉)andtheperfectionofform.
(四)ProWritersoftheRomanticAge浪漫主义时期的散文作家
ApartfromthespendidworksofRomanticpoets,theearly19thcenturyisremarkableforthedevelopment
dersinthisnewdevelopmentareHazlitt,Leigh
Hunt,treprentativeoftherewritersisCharlesLamb.
sLamb(查尔斯·兰姆,1775—1834,英国散文作家)
CharlesLambisfam
aborationwithhissisterMary,hewrotea
wonderfulbookforchildrencalledTalesfromShakespeare(《莎士比亚故事集》).Hisrealfamecamein
aysaredistinguishedforcombinationofnostalgia,humorandrefinedobrvation.(他的散文
以集思乡、幽默和细致入微的观察为一体而著名。)Lambhasbeengenerallyconsideredasthefinest
na(《古旧的瓷器》)ishisfamouswork.
aysareintenlypersonal.
mHuzlitt(威廉·哈次利特,1778—1830,英国散文家)
l-knowncriticalworksare:TheCharactersof
Shakespeare’sPlays(《莎士比亚戏剧中的人物》)
LecturesontheDramaticLiteratureoftheAgeofQueenElizabeth(《论伊丽莎白时代的戏剧》)
LecturesontheEnglishPoets(《论英国诗人》)
tofhissaysmaybefoundamongsuchessaysasMy
FirstAcquaintancewithPoets(《我与诗人的第一次接触》)andOnGoingaJourney(《论出游》).
(五)EnglishFictionintheRomanticAge
浪漫主义时期的英国小说
Scott(沃尔特·司各特,1771—1832,英国小说)
eraryworkbeganwiththetranslationfromtheGerman
1805,1814,hepublishedhisfirstnovel
Waverley(《威弗利》).
RobRoy(《罗伯·罗伊》)isthebest-knownofScott’snovelsonhistoryofScotland.
Ivanhoe(《艾凡赫》)isthebest-knownofScott’snovelsonEnglishhistory.
ovels,historicaleventsareclolyinterwovenwiththe
,Scott’s
literarycareermarksthetransitionfromRomanticismtoRealisminEnglishliteratureofthe19thcentury.
sten(简·奥斯汀,1775—1817,英国作家)
JaneAustenwasthefirstEnglishwomannovelist.
(简·奥斯汀是英国首位女作家)
AustenwasborninHampshire,educatedathomeandleda
wrotealtogether6novels,amongwhichtheimportantonesarePrideandPrejudice(《傲
慢与偏见》),SenandSensibility(《理智与情感》)andEmma(《爱玛》).
din1817attheageof42.
PrideandPrejudice
Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninposssionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwant
ofawife.
Howeverlittleknownthefeelingsorviewsofsuchamanmaybeonhisfirstenteringaneighbourhood,
thistruthissowellfixedinthemindsofthesurroundingfamilies,thatheisconsideredthe
rightfulpropertyofsomeoneorotheroftheirdaughters.
“凡是有钱的单身汉,总想娶位太太,这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。这样的单身汉,每逢新搬
到一个地方,四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何,见解如何,可是,既然这样的一条真理早已
在人们心目中根深蒂固,因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。”
Practices3
1.“Poetryisspontaneous”wasputforwardby____.
mWordsworth
mBlake
答案:B
2._____canberegardedastypicallybelongingtotheschoolofRomanticliterary.
mWordsworth
Hardy
答案:B
hefollowingpoets,whoisNOTalakepoet?
TaylorColeridge
mCollins
答案:D
4.“Beautyistruth,truthbeauty”isanepigrammaticlineby____.
mBlake
yssheShelley.
答案:A
ractersofShakespeare’sPlaysistheworkby____.
cy
答案:A
6.____wasthefirstEnglishwomannovelist.
iaWoolf
Eliot
答案:C
LiteratureinVictoriaPeriod
维多利亚时期英国文学
(一)GeneralIntroduction总体介绍
InVictoriaperiod,appearedanewliterarytrend——CriticalRealism(批判现实主义).EnglishCritical
ditxpressionintheformofnovels.
rikingforceandtruthfulness,he
picturedbourgeoiscivilization,showingthemiryofcommonpeople.
The19thcenturyCriticalRealistsmadeuoftheformofnovelforfullanddetailedreprentationof
socialandpoliticalevents,andofthefateofindividualsandofwholesocialclass.
Thesotimportantpoets
oftheagewereTennyson,ortantpro
writerswereThomasCaryleandMatthewArnold.
(二)CriticalRealistsinVictorian
维多利亚时期的批判现实主义小说家
sDickens(查尔斯·狄更斯,1812—1870,英国小说家)
wasfifteen,heleftschoolandenteredalawyer’s
1834,elPickwickPapers(《皮克威克外传》)broughthim
tofhislifewasworkwithoutrest.
1)Thefirstperiodofhisliterarycareer:
Thisperiodisreferredtotheyearsfrom1836to1841,n
novelsinthisperiodare:
ThenovelPickwickPapers
(《皮克威克外传》),
OliverTwist(《雾都孤儿》),
TheOldCuriosityShop
(《老古玩店》)
2)Thecondperiodofhisliterarycareer:
Thecondperiod,whichbeganfrom1842,period,he
visitedAmnnovels
are:Dombeyandson(《董贝父子》)
DavidCopperfield(《大卫·科波菲尔》)
3)Thethirdperiodofhisliterarycareer:
Dickens’nnovelsinthisperiodare:
GreatExpectation(《远大前程》)
ATaleofTwoCities(《双城记》)
mMakepeaceThackeray(威廉·梅克皮斯·萨克雷,1811—1893,英国小说家)
Thackerorninthe
ndedCambridgeUniversity,1847,he
publishedhismasterpieceVanityFair(《名利场》).
nteSisters
TheBronteSistersareCharlotteBronte(夏洛蒂·勃朗特,1816—1855),Emily(艾米莉·勃朗特,1818—
1848)andAnneBronte(安妮·勃朗特,1820—1849).Theywerealltalentedwritersandallofthemdied
reallloversofliteratureandreadalot.
1)CharlotteBronte’sMasterpieceJaneEyre(《简·爱》)
2)EmilyBronte’sMasterpieceWutheringHeights(《呼啸山庄》)
3)AnneBronte’sMasterpieceAgnesGrey(《艾格妮斯·格雷》)
作品欣赏——《简·爱》
这本小说是一部具有浓厚浪漫主义色彩的现实主义小说。主要描写了简·爱的一系列遭遇以及与罗切
斯特的爱情经历。女主人公简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性,她生活在社会底层,受尽磨难。
但是她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写,
引人入胜地展示了男女主人罗切斯特公曲折起伏的爱情经历,歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见。扎根
于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情,具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量。其最为成功之处
在于塑造了一个敢于反抗,敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。
《简·爱》经典语录
adgiftedmewithwealthandbeauty,Ishouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleavemeasitis
nowformetoleaveyou.
如果上帝赋予我财富和美貌,我会让你难于离开我,就像我现在难于离开你一样。
wsomebirdsarenotmeanttobecaged,theirfeathersarejusttoobright.
你知道,有些鸟儿是注定不会被关在樊笼里的,它们的每一片羽毛都闪耀着自由的光辉。
hink,becauIampoor,obscure,plainandlittele,Iamsoullessandheartless?Youthinkwrong!
——Ihaveasmuchsoulasyouandfullasmuchheart!
难道就因为我一贫如洗,默默无闻,长相平庸,个子瘦小,就没有灵魂,没有心肠了——你想错了,
我的心灵跟你一样丰富,我的心胸一样充实!
tooshort,cannotbeudvengefulbuildhate.
生命太短促,不能用来记仇蓄恨。
作品欣赏——《呼啸山庄》
《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品。小说描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫
(Heathcliff)被山庄老主人收养后,因受辱和恋爱不遂,外出致富,回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳(Catherine)
结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神,又始终笼
罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。它开始曾被人看做是年青女作家脱离现实的天真幻想,但结合其所描
写地区激烈的阶级斗争和英国的社会现象,它不久便被评论界高度肯定,并受到读者的热烈欢迎。
根据这部小说改编的影视作品至今久演不衰。
Ifyoualsoexistinthisworld,thenthisworld,regardlessofwhat,tomeismeaningful,butifyounot,
regardlessofthisworldhashowwell,
wanttobeasolitarypersonwildghost.
如果你还在这个世界存在着,那么这个世界无论什么样,对我都是有意义的,但是如果你不在了,
无论这世界有多么好,它在我的眼里也只是一片荒芜。而我就想是一个孤魂野鬼。
l(盖斯凯尔夫人,1810—1865,英国作家)
eofCharlotteBronte(《夏洛蒂·勃朗特的一生》)is
oneofthebestbiographiesinEnglishliterature.
MaryBarton(《玛丽·巴顿》)outtheclassstrugglebetweentheworkersandthe
capitalists.
Eliot(乔治·艾略特,1819—1880,英国女作家)
duced
threeremarkablenovels.
AdamBade(《亚当·比德》)TheMillontheFloss(《弗罗斯特河上的磨坊》)andSilasMarner(《织工马
南》)
Hardy(托马斯·哈代,1840—1928,英国诗人、小说家)
HardywasborninDorest,whichhecalledWesx(威萨克斯,英国历史上的一个帝王)
isfamousnovels,thebest-knownareTessofThe
D’Urbervilles(《德伯家的苔丝》)andJudetheObscure(《无名裘德》)
(三)VictorianPoetry维多利亚时期的诗歌
AlfedTennysonandRobertBrowningbothbeganwritingpoetryinemulationofthemajorRomantic
poets.
MuchVictoronoften
celebratedthegreatoccasionandachievementsoftheageandBrowningdidthesame.
Tennyson(阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生,1809—1892,英国诗人)
ade“PoetLaureate”in1850
whenWordsworthdied.
1872,
TennysonwenttoCambridge,in1892.
HismainpoeticalworksincludeThePrincess(《公主》),Mand(《莫德》)andshortpoemBreak,Break,
Break(《拍岸曲》).
Teeniusfor
ishpoetscouldsurpasshimatlinking
descriptionsofnaturetostateofthemind.
Browning(罗伯特·布朗宁,1812—1889,英国诗人)
lizabethBarrett(伊丽莎
白·巴雷特,1806—1861,英国诗人)in1845andtheywerecretlymarriedin1846andelopedtoItaly.
ItwaslivinginItalythathepublishedhisfinestvolumeofpoems,MenandWomen(《男男女女》).His
mainworksincludeMyLastDuchess(《我的前公爵夫人》)andMeetingatNight(《夜间相会》).
Browning’ealistic,optimisticandbelievedin
theprogressofmankind.
(四)VictorianPro维多利亚时期的散文
arlyle(托马斯·卡莱尔,1795—1881,英国历史学家和散文作家)
TheFrenchRevolution(《法国革命》)vividlydescribesthepeople’srebellionandpointsoutthatworkers’
mirablelivingconditionistheverycauoftherebellion.
skin(约翰·罗斯金,1819—1900,英国作家和艺术评论家)
JohnRuskinwaewasspent
intraveling,t,hewaspreoccupiedwithproblemsofart.
HismajorworksofartcriticismincludeModernPainters(《近代化家》)andTheSevenLampsof
Architecture(《建筑的七盏明灯》)andhisworksofcriticismincludeUntothisLast(《给那后来的》)and
SesameandLilies(《芝麻与百合》).
Ruskin’ssocialandeconomicthoughtshadexerteddeepinfluenceonsuchwritersandpoetsasWilliam
Morris,OscarWilde,ce.
wArnold(马修·阿诺德,1822—1888)
HismasterpieceisDoverBeach(《多弗尔海滩》).
(五)LiteraryTrendattheEndofthe19thcentury
19世纪末期的文学趋势
New-Romanticism(新浪漫主义):Itwasanotherliterarytrendprevailingattheendofthe19th
anticwritersoppodtheideathatartreflectslifereality.
RobertLouisStevenson(罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森,1850—1894,苏格兰小说家)
nworksinclude:Treasure
Island(《金银岛》),Kidnapped(《诱拐》),NewArabianNights(《新天方夜谭》)andStrangeCaof
DrJekyllandMrHyde(《化身博士》).
Aestheticism(唯美主义):Aestheticismisatermgiventoamovement,acult,andamodeof
entallyitexpressthepointofviewthatartislf-sufficientand
ticisminpoetryshowsatendencytowithdrawaloraversion.
OscarWilde(奥斯卡·王尔德,1854—1900,英国作家)
OscarWildeisthereprentativeamongthewritersofAestheticismandDecadence.
ThePictureofDorianGray(《道林·格雷的画像》)isatypicalDecadentnoveldescribingtheauthor’s
sthestoryofahandsomebutimmoralyoungmanwhoimmorality
leavesnotraceinhisownappearancebutisreflectedinhisportrait,whichbecomesmoreandmoreugly.
HappyPrinceandOtherTales(《快乐王子故事集》)isanotherimportantworkbyWilde.
Practice4
torianAgewaslargelyanageof____,eminentlyreprentedbyDickensandThackeray.
alRealism
答案:D
nteSisterspublishedthefollowingfamousnovelsEXCEPT_____.
re
rey
答案:A
lowingsareallDikens’worksEXCEPT____.
arofWakefield
fTwoCities
答案:B
eachiswrittenby____.
Tennyson
homas
答案:C
ThomasHardy’snovelsaretinWesx,____.
onprimitiveregion
’shometown
答案:B
cessofJaneEyreispartlyduetoitsintroductiontotheEnglishnovelthefirst_____heroine.
ess
答案:D
meofATaleofTwoCitiesis____.
rhood
答案:A
leofThackeray’sVanityFairistakenfrom____.
rieQueen
grim’Lost
答案:C
terisafigurein_____.
om’sCabin
答案:B
LiteratureinModernPeriod
现代时期英国文学
(一)GeneralIntroduction总体介绍
Early20thcenturyliterry,
heinfluenceofImpressionism,writersfocudonindividual
momentsofexperience.
NovelistsafterWorldWarIturnedtheirinteresttodescribingwhatwashappeninginthemindsoftheir
sistedthatfictionshouldexplorethedepthandrecessofpersonality,anunending
streamofimpression,rofthismethodisJamesJoyce.
(二)ImportantWritersandLiteraryWorks
lsworthy(约翰·奥尔斯华绥,1867—1933,英国小说家,剧作家,曾获1932
年诺贝尔文学奖)
JohnGaornina
raduationfromOxford,leis
notedforitsstrngthandelasticity,guageis
conci,clearandstraightforward.
TheForsyteSaga(《福赛特家史》)hasbeenregardedasGalsworth’syteSaga
includesthreenovelsandtwointerludes(插曲):TheManofProperty(《有财产的人》),TheIndianSummer
ofaForsyte(interlude),InChancery(《骑虎难下》),Awakening(interlude)andToLet(《出让》).
TheManofPropertymarksthepeakofCriticalRealisminallGalsworthy’sworks.
BernardShaw(萧伯纳,1856—1950,爱尔兰戏剧家,1925年因为作品具
有理想主义和人道主义,而获诺贝尔文学奖)
Bernarstagetocriticize
theevilsofcapitalism.
HismajorplaysincludeManandSuperman(《人与超人》),MajorBarbara
(《芭芭拉少校》)andPygmalion(《皮格马利翁》,又名《茶花女》).
ysdealwithcontemporarysocialproblems.
mButlerYeats(威廉·巴特勒·叶芝,1866—1939,爱尔兰诗人、剧作家,曾于
1923年获得诺贝尔文学奖)
imehemovedtoLondonin1897,hisgoalsan
1993,duetodisappointmentinlove,1921,
YeatsbecameanatorintheIrishFreeState.
HismajorpoemsincludeSailingtoByzantium(《驶上拜占庭》),TheSecondComing(《基督再临》)and
LedaandtheSwan(《丽达与天鹅》).
(艾略特,1888—1965,英国诗人、批评家)
sagreatpoet,nedhisbeliefas“classicistinliterature,royalistin
politicsandAnglo-Catholicinreligion.”
EliotwasborninAmericaandin1927becameaBritishsubject(国民).Hisclassicexpressionofhisageis
TheWasteLand(《荒原》),
1943,FourQuartets(《四个四重奏》)waspublishedandconcludedhismajorworkasapoetwithanew
renityofoutlook.
erbertLawrence(大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯)
LarencewasbornintheMidland-miningvillageofEastwood,herwasaminerandhis
1914,hemarriedFriedainGermany.
Larence’smostcontroversialnovelisLadyChatterley’sLover(《查泰莱夫人的情人》),thebestisprobably
TheRainbow(《虹》)andthemostpopularisSonsandLovers(《儿子与情人》).Anotherfamousnovelis
WomeninLove(《恋爱中的女人》).
他在作品中力求探索人的灵魂深处,并成功地运用了感人的艺术描写,因此,从他生前直到迄今为
止,他的作品一直被世界文坛所重视。
oyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯,1882—1942,爱尔兰作家)
JamesJoycewasborninDublin,eofdoingmostofwritinginZurich
andParis,hewroteonlyaboutDublin,tentofhisbooksismostlyaboutJoyce’s
childhoodandyouthinDublin.
Hismajornovelsinclude:APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan(《一个青年艺术家的画像》),Iargely
autographical;Ulyss(《尤利西斯》),FinnegansWake(《芬妮根守灵夜》)andavolumeofshortstories
Dubliners(《都柏林人》).
SteamofConsciousness(意识流):dnot
merelytodescribehowacharacterminghtthink,butalsotoprentarecordofthecharacter’sthoughts.
WordsareJoyce’sobssions,hisdelightandthesourceofhispower.
iaWoolf(弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙,1882—1941,英语女作家)
VirginiaWoolfisregardedasoneofthemainexponents(代表者)ofModernismandoneofthegreat
e1970sonward,hernovelshavebeenhighlyappreciated.
Hermajorworksinclude:ary(《达洛维夫人》),TotheLighthou(《到灯塔去》)andThe
Waves(《海浪》).fOne’sOwn(《自己的房间》)and
ThreeGuineas(《三个基尼》)aretwoessaystakenasclassicsofthefeministmovement(女权运动).
Practice5
oyceistheauthorofallthefollowingnovelsEXCEPT_____.
aitoftheArtistasaYoungMan
s
答案:C
orksarecharacterizedbySteamofConsciousness?
oyce
答案:D
ernEnglishnovelgivesa(n)______prentationoflifeofthecommonPeople.
tic
答案:D
BernardShawwasa(n)_____.
st
答案:B
fthefollowingwritershasoncewontheNobelPrize?
Hardy
homas
答案:A
6.____isconsideredtobethebestknownEnglishdramatistsinceShakespeare,andhisreprentative
worksareplaysinspiredbysocialcriticiam.
Goldsmith
dShaw
答案:D
7._____ce’smi-autographicalnovel.
nLove
atterley’sLover
答案:A
fthefollowingisNotVirginiaWoolf’snovel?
ay
Painters
答案:D
ionisafamousplaywrittenby_____.
GeorgeSmollett
dShaw
答案:D
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