trumpeter

更新时间:2023-01-02 13:42:50 阅读: 评论:0


2023年1月2日发(作者:皮肤管理培训班)

EnglishLiterature

英国文学主要分类

一、TheOldEnglishLiterature

中古英国文学

二、TheRenaissancePeriod

文艺复兴时期文学(伊丽莎白时代,14-16世纪)

三、The17centuryEnglishLiterature

17世纪英国文学

四、The18centuryEnglishLiterature

18世纪英国文学(启蒙时期)

五、LiteratureofRomanticAge

浪漫主义时期文学

六、LiteratureinVictoriaPeriod

维多利亚时期文学

七、LiteratureinModernPeriod

现在时期英国文学

Themaincontenttoknow

•Backgroundknowledge(fromhistory,cultureatmosphere)

•ImportantLiteraryTerms

•ImportantWritersandLiteraryWorks

TheOldEnglishLiterature

(一)GeneralIntroduction(总体介绍)

TheOldEnglishliterature(whichlastedfrom499to1066)ixclusivelyaver(诗篇)literatureinoral

eretwogroupsofEnglishpoetryinthisperiod-thefirstwasthepagan(异教的)poetry

reprentedbyBeowulf,thecondwasthereligiouspoetryreprentedbytheworksofCaedmonand

Cynewulf.

Inthe8thcentury,tfamousprowritersofthatperiodwere

VenerablebedeandAlfredtheGreat.

AftertheNormanConques,threelanguagexistedinEngland,whichwereFrenchspokenbythe

Normans,Engl

anceprosperedfor300

years(1200-1500)fromwhichweeanepitome(缩影)oftheMiddleAges.

Inthe15thcentury,EnglishballadsbecameverypopularandtheonlyimportantwriterwasThomas

Malory.

(二)ImportantLiteraryTerms

OldEnglish(古英语):languagespokenbytheAnglo-SaxonsiscalledtheOldEnglish,whichisthe

foundationofEnglishlanguageandliterature.

Romance(中世纪的传奇故事):

wasalongcomposition,sometimesinver,sometimesinpro,describingthelifeandadventuresofa

noblehero.

(三)ImportantWritersandLiteraryWorks

f(《贝奥武甫》)

BeowulfistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguageandthemostimportantspe-cimenofAnglo-Saxon

nstoriesarebadonthefolklegendsoftheprimitivenortherntribes.

ousPoets(宗教诗人)

Caedmon(卡德蒙,610-680)

ownasthefatherofEnglishsong,

Caedmon’sHymn(《卡德蒙的赞美诗》)isapraipoeminhonorofgod.

Cynewulf(基涅武甫,公元九世纪)

ucedfourpoems,ofwhichTheChrist(《基督》)isthemost

houtthepoem,adeeploveforChristandreverenceforVirginMary(圣母利亚)are

expresd.

riters(散文作家)

VenerableBede(可敬的比德,672-735)

Bede,alsoreferredtoasSaintBede(圣比德)ortheVenerableBede,iswellknownasanauthorand

scholar,andhismostfamouswork,HistoriaEcclesiasticaGentisAnglorum,orAnEcclesiasticaHistoryof

theEnglishPeople(《英吉利人教会史》),gainedhimthetitle“TheFatherofEnglishHistory”(英国史

学之父)

AlfredtheGreat(阿尔弗雷德大帝,849-899)

AlfredistheonlyEnglishmonarchtobeaccordedtheepithet“theGreat”(唯一一个被授予“大帝”名号额

英格兰国王).HewasthefirstKingoftheWestSaxonstostylehimlf“KingoftheAnglo-saxons”(将自

己命名为“盎格鲁-撒克逊之王”的西撒克逊国王).TheAnglo-SaxonChronicle(《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年

史》)isacollectionofannals(年鉴)al

manusriptoftheChroniclewascreatedlateinthe9thcentury,probablyinWesx,duingthereignof

AlfredtheGreat.

ance(传奇)

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight(《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》)

Itisaromanceof2,530linesderivedfromCelticlegend(凯尔特骑士).SirCawain,nephewofKing

Arthur,acceptedthechallengeoftheGreenKnightintheGreenChapel(绿教堂).Atlast,hegotagirdle

(腰带)asagiftfromtheKnightandhisstorybecamewidelyknown.

haucer(乔叟时代)

The14thcenturyiscalled“AgeofChaucer”.ChaucerandLangland(朗格兰,1332-1400,英国诗人),

werethemostimportantwritersofage.

CeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里·乔叟,1343-1400)

Chaucerisacclaimednotonlyas“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”(英国诗歌之父),butalsoas“thefather

ofEnglishfiction(英国小说之父).Hismasterpiece,TheCanterburyTales(《坎特伯雷故事集》),isone

ofthemostfamousworksinallliteratures.

Chaucerwroteinvividandexactlanguage;hispoetryisfullvigorandswiftness.

BookoftheDuchess《公爵夫人之书》

TheHouofFame《声誉之宫》

TheParliamentofFowls《百鸟会议》

TheLegendofGoodWomen《贤妇传说》

TroilusandCriyde《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》

15thCenturyBallads(民歌,歌谣)

ThomasMalory(托马斯·马洛礼,1405-1471)

TomasMalorywroteanimportantworkcalledLeMorted’Arthur(《亚瑟王之死》).Thecentralconcern

iswiththeadventuresofArthurandhisfamousKnightsoftheRoundTable(圆桌骑士).Thebookisvery

hurianmaterialshaveastronginfluenceonliteratureoflater

centuries.

TheRenaissancePeriod

伊丽莎白时代,14—16世纪

一)GeneralIntroduction(总体介绍)

TheRenaissance(文艺复兴)wasaEuropeanphenomenon,lish

RenaissanceencouragedthereformationoftheChurch.

InElizabethan(伊丽莎白)period,tdistinctive

dramaisthelyricalpoetry(抒情诗),remarkable

foritsvarietyandfreshnessandromanticfeeling.

Inthatperiod,writingpeotrybecameafashionandEnglandbecame“anestofsingingbirds”.Inthasame

period,FrancisBaconwrotemorethanfiftyexcellentessays,whichmakehimoneofthebestessayists(散

文家)inEnglishliterature.

(二)ImportantLiteraryTerms

1)Renaissance:

IntheRenaissancePeriod,scholarsbegantoemphasizethecapacitiesofhumanmindandthe

nism(人文主义)becamethekeynoteofEnglishRenaissance.

EnglishRenaissanceisdiviedintothreeperiods:

①the1stperiodfrom1516to1578iscalledthebeginningoftheRenaissance.

②The2ndperiodfrom1578to1625isknownasthefloweringperiod.

③The3rdperiodfrom1625to1660istheepilogue(尾声)oftheRenaissance.

2)SpenrianStanza(斯宾塞诗体)

anzahasninelines,eachofthefirsteightlinesisiniambic

pentameterandtheninthlineisaniambichexameterline.

(每个诗节由九行组成,前八行为五步抑扬格,第九行为六步抑扬格。)

3)Euphuism(夸饰文体)

stisabundantuofbalancedntences,

ondelementistheuofoddsimilescomparisons.

(这种文体有两个显著的特点:其一是大量使用对句、头韵和其他做作的韵律方法;其二是使用怪

异的明喻和对比。)

4)Sonnet(十四行诗)

AsonnetisaformofapoemthatoriginatedinEurope,mainlyItaly,homas

peareansonnectcontains

threequatrainsandarhymingcoupletandeachlinehastensyllables.

(十四行诗起源于欧洲,主要是意大利,总共包括14行。托马斯·怀亚特最先将十四行诗引入英国

文学。莎士比亚式十四行诗由三节四行诗组和一个对句构成,每行10个音节。)

5)BlankVer(无韵诗)

opherMarlowewasthefirstEnglish

authortomakefulluofthepotentialofbankver,andalsoestablisheditasthedominantverformfor

Englishdrama.

(无韵诗采用不押韵的抑扬格五音步。克里斯托弗·马洛是最先充分使用无韵诗的英国作家,他让无

韵诗成为英国戏剧的主要表现形式。)

(三)ImportantWritersandLiteraryWorks

hPoets

1)ThomasWyatt(托马斯·怀亚特,1503-1542)

ThomasWyattisthemostinterestingpoetofthefirsthalfof16thcenturyandthefirsttointroducethe

sonnetintoEnglishliterature.

2)HenryHoward(亨利·霍华德,1516-1547,英国诗人)

英国史上第一个创作无韵诗的人。

3)SirPhilipSideny(菲利普·西德尼爵士,1554-1586,英国诗人,英格兰诗人)

4)EdmundSpenr(埃蒙德·斯宾塞,1552-1599)

EdmundSpenrisoftenreferredtoas“thepoets’poet(诗人中的诗人),generallyacknowledgedasthe

greatestnon-dramaticpoetoftheElizabethanperiod.

TheFaerieQueen(《仙后》)ishismasterpiece,alongpoemdedicatedtoQueenElizabethanandwrittenin

theformofAllegory(寓言).

hPro(散文)

1)ThomasMore(托马斯·莫尔,1478-1535)andhisUtopia(《乌托邦》)

UtopiaisMore’smasterpiece,k

offersusapictureo

rxhighlycommentedonthiswork.

2)JohnLyly(约翰·黎里,1553-1606,英国剧作家和小说家)

HisnovelEupheus(《尤费伊斯》)gaveritotheterm“Euphuism”,designatinganaffectedstyleofcourt

speech.

3)FrancisBacon(弗朗西斯·培根,1561-1626)

FrancisBaed

himlf“thetrumpeterofanewage”.HewaEngland’sfirstessayist.

Bancon’heessaysthe

famouspiecesareOfStudy,OfLoveandOfBeauty.

hDrama(戏剧)

1)ChristopherMarlowe(克里斯托弗·马洛,1564-1593)

MarlowewasthegreatestplaywrightbeforeShakespeareandthemogiftedofthe“UniversityWits”(大

学才子派,指一群只要来自牛津、剑桥两所大学的人文主义剧作家和散文小说家).TheTragicHistory

ofDoctorFaustus(《浮士德博士的悲剧》)ishisbestplay,whichissymbolicofahumanist.

ItisMakspavedthe

wayfortheplaysofthegreatestEnglishdramatist-Shakespeare.

2)BenJohnson(本·琼森,1562-1637)

OfmanysuccessorsofShakespeare,texcellent

satiricalcomedy(讽刺喜剧)isVolpone(《狐狸》)

3)WilliamShakespeare(威廉·莎士比亚,1564-1616)

wasabout14yearsold,hehadtoleave

1582,hemarriedAnneHathaway,whowas8yearsolderthanhim.

1612heretiredfromthestageandreturnedto

hishometownanddiedin1616.

Duringthe22yearsofhisliterarycareer,heproduced37plays,154sonnetsandsomelongpoems.

(在他22年的写作生活中,他创作了37部戏剧,154首十四行诗和若干长诗)

Shakespeareproduced16comedies.

FourGreatComedies(四大喜剧):

AMidsummerNight’sDream(《仲夏夜之梦》),

AsYouLikeIt(《皆大欢喜》),

TheMerchantofVenice(《威尼斯商人》),

TheTwelfthNight(《第十二夜》).

Othercomedies:

MuchAdoAboutNothing(《无事生非》)

TheTamingoftheShrew(《驯悍记》)

《威尼斯商人》

威尼斯商人安东尼奥(Antonio),为帮助好友巴萨尼奥(Bassanio)娶得波西亚(Portia),而与仇家

---放高利贷的犹太人夏洛克(Shylock)借钱。答应若无法还钱,就割下自己的一磅肉抵债。不料,他

的商船在海上遇险,因而无法如期还款,被夏洛克告上了法庭。

一再遭对方侮辱歧视,女儿洁西卡(Jessica)又跟罗伦佐(Lorenzo)私奔,因此夏洛克怀着深仇大恨,

来到威尼斯法庭。他斩钉截铁的拒绝和解,坚决按照借据条款,从安东尼奥身上割下一磅肉,这时

剧情达到扣人心弦的最高潮。

另一方面,在幽雅的贝尔蒙庄园,美丽富有的少女波西亚(Portia)发出叹息:她的终身大事必须

采决于父亲生前设置的金银铅三个彩匣,选中正确彩匣的求婚者就是她的丈夫。波西亚被父亲剥夺

了婚姻自主权,为此感到苦恼。所幸她情意所钟的巴萨尼奥选中了铅盒,有情人终成眷属。

以上的两条情节线在‘法庭诉讼’一幕中汇合在一起,装扮成法学博士的波西亚在千均一发之刻大呼

‘等一下!’并向夏洛克指出,借据上只说他可取安东尼奥的一磅肉,但可没说他能拿安东尼奥的一滴

血。夏洛克自然无法只割安东尼奥的肉而不令他流血,聪慧的波西亚运用机智救了丈夫好友的性命。

打赢官司后,波西亚恶作剧的向没认出她的丈夫,讨了结婚戒指作为胜诉的酬劳,回家后再假

意责怪他,引起一场喜剧性的吵嘴。最后在巴萨尼奥的恍然大悟中,本剧圆满落幕。

Shakespearewrote11tragedies.

FourGreatTragedies(四大悲剧):Hamlet(《哈姆雷特》),Othello(《奥赛罗》),KingLear(《李尔王》),

Macbeth(《麦克白》)

Tragicomedy(悲喜剧):RomeoandJuliet(《罗密欧与朱丽叶》).

AmongShakespeare’s10historicalplays(历史剧),HenryⅣ(《亨利四世)andHenryⅤ(《亨利五世》)

aretworemarkableones.

Twolongnarrativepoems(长篇叙事诗)are:VenusandAdonis(《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》)

TheRapeofLucrece(《路易丝受辱记》)

ysaremirrorsofhisage.

Practices1

fthefollowingisNOTwrittenbyWilliamShakespeare?

lfthNight

fthefollowingisNOTShakespeare’stragedies?

h.

“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”?

eyChaucer

tdistinctiveachievementofElizabethanliteratureis_____.

.

答案:BADA

The17centuryEnglishLiterature

17世纪英国文学

(一)LiteratureofRevolutionPeriod(AgeofMilton)

革命时期的文学(弥尔顿时期)

nliteraryformoftheperiodwaspoetry.

Amongthepoets,shim,thereweretwoothergroupsofpoets,the

Metaphysical(玄学派)andtheCavalier(骑士派)poets.

nne(约翰·多恩,1572—1631,英国玄学派创始人)

terpiece(杰作)isAValediction:

ForbiddingMourning(《临别辞:莫悲伤》)

Herbert(乔治·赫伯特,1593—1633,英国玄学派诗人)

GeorgeHerbertisthe“SaintoftheMetaphysicalSchool”(玄学派的圣人).HismasterpiecesareThe

Altar(《祭坛》)andEasterWings(《复活节的翅膀》).

nyan(约翰·班扬,1628—1688)

JohnBunyanoccupt

famousworkisThePilgrim’sProgress(《天路历程》).

Bunyanisknownforhissimpleandlivelyprostyle.

lton(约翰·弥尔顿,1608—1674)

ifeandliterarycareerthetwodominant

historicalmovementsofRenaissanceandReformation(宗教改革运动)combinedandreceivedtheirmost

roverhisagejustasShakespearetowersovertheElizabethan

AgeandChaucerovertheMedievalAge.

was

heRestorationoftheMonarchyin

1660,MiltonbeganhismasterpieceParadiLost(《失乐园》).Beforehisdeath,hepublishedtwoother

worksParadiRegained(《复乐园》)andSamsonAgonistes(《力士参孙》),butneitherisassuccessful

asParadiLost.

(二)LiteratureofRevolutionPeriod(AgeofDryden)

革命时期的文学之德莱顿时期

Restorationliteratureischaracterizedbyacliquish(小集团的)culturecenteringonthecourtanddeeply

tersoftheagedevelopedtwomarkedtendencies,tendencyto

Formalism.

JohnDryden(约翰·德莱顿,1631—1700,英国作家和桂冠诗人)

Drydenisthemo

ost20years,hewasEngland’spoetlaureate(“桂冠诗人”).

Heestablishedtheheroiccouplet(英雄双韵体)asthefashionforsatiric,didactic(说教的)anddescriptive

poetry.

Hisworksinclude:AnEssayofDramaticPoesy(《论戏剧诗歌》),TheHindandthePanther(牝鹿与豹》)

andAllforLore(《一切为了爱情》).

The18centuryEnglishLiterature

18世纪英国文学

(一)GeneralIntroduction总体介绍

ewritersdescribedintheirworkswere

ture,whichincludedthebook,

thenewspaperandthemagazine,becauthechiefinstrumentofthenation’ada

ofexcellentprowriterssuchasAddison,Steele,Swiftand

ritingmadeabigadvance,andsatirewasmuchudinwritinginthis

century.

(二)ImportantLiteraryTerms重要文学术语

Enlightenment(启蒙运动):TheEnlightenmentwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementthrougoutWestern

Enlightenmentthoughtthechiefmeansforbetteringthesocietyinlightenmentoreducationforthe

people.

(三)Neo-ClassicisminEnglishLiterature英国文学中的新古典主义

lIntroduction

y18thcentury,writersofthe

Neo-ClassicalschoolwereAddison,iddledecades,SamuelJohnsonbecamethe

leaderoftheClassicalschool.

TheiedtomadeEnglish

literatureconformtorules

writingplays,theyudrimedcouplet(两行诗)oughtpoetryshouldfollow

theanchouldbepreci,

Neo-Classicistsfollowedthestandards.

antWritersandLiteraryWorks

1)AlexanderPope(亚历山大·蒲柏,1688—1744)

masterinsatireandheroic

orworksincludeAnEassayonCritism(《论批判》),TheRapeoftheLock(《夺发记》),

EassyonMan(《论人类》).pieda

lyperiodofthe18thcenturyhasoftenbeen

namedafterhimasthe“AgeofPope”.HisinfluenceonByronwasgreat.

2)RichardSteele(理查德·斯梯尔,1672—1729)andJophAddison(约翰夫·艾迪生,1672—

1729)

TheliteraryperiodicalsTheTattler(《闲谈者报》)andTheSpectator(《旁观者报》)wereSteeleandAddison’

schiefcontributiontoEnglishliterature.

RichardSteeleandJophAddisonhadthefollowingcontributionstoEnglishliterature:

①Theirwritingsinthetwoperiodiclsprovideanewcodeofsocialmoralityfortherisingbourgeoisie(资

产阶级).

②TheygiveaturepictureofsociallifeofEnglandinthe18thcentury.

③TheEnglishessaycompletelyestablishesasaliterarygenreintheirhands.

3)SamuelJohnson(塞缪尔·约翰逊,1709—1784)

Johnsonwasregaredastheliterarydictatoranda“grandchampioninliteratureofthatage”.Hewasa

vouminous(著书多的)isworks,thebestknownareTheDictionaryoftheEnglish

Language(《英语字典》)andTheLivesofEnglishPoets(《诗人传》)。Thedictionarybecamethe

eofEnglishPoetsconsistsofthebiographies

of52poetsandaffordssomeofthebest-knownpicturesoftheearlyEnglishpoets.

Johnsondiedin1784andwasburiedamongEngland’shonoredpoetsinWestminsterAbbey.

(四)EnglishNovelistsofRealisticTradition

英国小说家的现实主义传统

lIntroduction

The18thcenturyproducedthefirstEnglishnovelistswhofollowedtwotraditionsinwriting,thusfalling

intotwogroups—theSentimentalistnovelists(感伤主义小说家)eand

growthoftherealisticnove

majornovelistsofthisgroupareDanielDefoe,JonathanSwift,HenryFieldingandTobiasGeorge

Smollett.

antWritersandLiteraryWorks

1)DanielDefoe(丹尼尔·笛福,1661—1731)

Defongcreative

spiritinnovelwritingwonhimthetitle“FatherofEnglishandEuropeanNovels”(英国小说及欧洲小说

之父).

wasnearly60yearsold,

firstnovelTheLifeandStrangSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe(《鲁滨逊漂流记》)wasagreat

successandDefoebecameawell-knownwriteralloverEurope.

RobinsonCrusoereprentedtheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlystageitsdevelopment.

2)JonathanSwift(乔纳森·斯威夫特,1667—1745)

raduationfromDublinUniversity,hewenttoEnglandandbecamethe

thisperiod,,in

ordertojointhestuggleoftheIrishpeopleagainsttheirEnglishoppressors,hewrotesomepamphlets

estProposal(《一个小小的建议》),withbitterirony,Swiftsuggestedthatthe

poorIrishpeasantsfattentheirone-year-oldchildrenandgovernment.

IntheperiodwhenhewasclolylinkedwiththeIrishpeople,hewrotehismasterpieceGulliver’s

Travels(《格列佛游记》).

3)HenryFielding(亨利·菲尔丁,1707—1754)

HenryFiedingisthegreatestnovelistofthe18thcenturyandisoneofthemostartisticthatEnglish

literaturehasproduced.

Hecamefromanaristocratic(贵族的)aliving,hesoonbecameoneof

1748,1749,appearedhismasterpiece,

TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling(《弃婴汤姆·琼斯的故事》).

4)TobiasGeorgeSmollett(托比亚斯·乔治·斯摩莱特,1721—1771)

HewasaScottishpoetandauthor,bestknownforhisPicaresquenovels(流浪汉小说),suchasRoderick

Random(《蓝登传》)andTheAdventuresofPeregrinePickle(《匹克尔传》),whichinfluencedlater

novelistssuchasCharlesDickens(查尔斯·狄更斯).

(五)EnglishNovelistsofSentimentalTradition

英国小说家的感伤主义传统

1)SamuelRichardson(塞缪尔·理查森,1689—1761,英国作家)

Hismainworksinclude:Pamela,orVirtueRewarded(《帕米拉》),ClarissaHarlowe(《克拉丽莎》)and

SirRichardGrandison(《查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士》)

2)LaurenceSterne(劳伦斯·斯怀特,1713—1768,英国作家)

HismostfamousbookistheLifeandOpinionsofTristramShandy

(《项狄传》),whichhasanunusualandqueerartisticform.

3)OliverGoldsmith(奥利弗·戈德史密斯,1728—1774,英国作家)

mTheDerted

Village(《荒村》)terpieceTheVicarofWakefield

(《威克菲尔德的牧师》)providesoneofthemostenduringcharactersinEnglishfiction.

(六)PoetryofthePre-RmanticismandSentimentalism

前浪漫主义和感伤主义诗歌

lIntroduction

Duringthemiddledecadesofthe18thcentury,Romanticpoemsandpoetsincreadsteadilyinnumber

geofWordsworthandScott,thespiritofRomanticismbegantodominateEnglish

literture.

antLiteraryTerms

Romanticism(浪漫主义):Ithassixprominentcharacteristics,whichdistinguishitfromtheso-called

classicliterature.

①TheRomanticMovementismarkedbyastrongreactionandprotestagainstthebondageofruleand

custom.

②Romanticismreturnstonatureandtoplainhumanityforitsmaterial.

③Itismarkedbyrenewedinterestinmedievalidealsandliterature.

④Itismarkedbyintenhumansympathyandbyaconquentunderstandingofthehumanheart.

⑤TheRomanticMovementistheexpressionofindividualgeniusratherthanestablishedrules.

⑥Spenr,ShakespeareandMiltonareinspirationoftheRomanticMovement.

中外浪漫主义的对比

浪漫主义总的特点:浪漫主义宗旨与“理性”相对立,主要特征注重个人感情的表达,形式较少拘束

且自由奔放。浪漫主义手法则通过幻想或复古等手段超越现实,法语的浪漫一词意味着感情丰富、

多愁善感。

西方的浪漫主义文学的基本特征:

1强烈的主观色彩,偏爱表现主观思想,注重抒发个人的感受和体验。常常会有一大段地说着哲理

知识。

2作者们喜欢将自己的理解人物置身于纯朴宁静的大自然中,衬托现实社会的丑恶及自身理解的美

好。重视心理变化,也将外部的环境与自己的思想同化。

3重视中世纪民间文学。想象比较丰富、感情真挚、表达直接、自由,语言朴素自然。

4注重优美的艺术效果:异国青岛情调、对比、夸张、人物形象的超凡性

中国的浪漫主义

1.注重外部环境和心里活动相互结合,交递的写法。

2.对名族的,民间的文化不太重视,而是将对自己前程的期盼,报国的雄心抑或官场上的失落作为

重要思想底蕴

3.文字要表达的思想也很含蓄,不能直接地叙述出来,而是通过眼前的景物,或事物来表达。所含

的哲学也是深藏在文字里。

4.人物个性化不强,更不具有让人觉得很深刻的超凡性。

中国的代表:屈原《离骚》、李白《将进酒》、《蜀道难》、李贺《李凭箜篌引》、张若虚《春江花月

夜》等。

例句:1.兰芷变而不芳兮,荃蕙化而为茅。何昔日之芳草兮,今直为此萧艾也?——屈原《离骚》

2.西当太白有鸟道,可以横绝峨眉巅。地崩山摧壮士死,然后天梯石栈相钩连。——李白《蜀道难》

Sentimentalism(感伤主义):Itindulgesinemotionandntiment,whichareudasasortofreliefforthe

grieffelttowardstheword’swrongsandasakindofmildprotestagainstthesocialinjustice.

感伤主义又称主情主义。因排斥理性,崇尚感情,也称前浪漫主义。感伤主义发源于英国,后传入

法国、俄国和德国等欧洲国家。由于英国资本主义的加速发展,社会矛盾日益加剧,中下层资产

阶级文人深感社会贫富不均,自身的社会地位和物质生活得不到保障,感伤情绪日渐浓厚。感伤主

义正是这种情绪在文学上的表现。它注意内心的情感,夸大感情的作用,强调感情的自然流露,重

视自然景物的描写,特别强调对个性和个人的精神生活的刻画。认为文学的主要任务就是细致刻画

人物的心理活动和不幸的生活遭遇,以唤起读者的同情和共鸣。

(中国类似的代表作家:巴金,张爱玲)

antWritersandLiteraryWorks

1)WilliamBlake(威廉·布莱克,1757—1827,浪漫主义诗人)

Blake’smainworksinclude:

SongofInnocence(《天真之歌》):Thiscollectionpoemswrittenforchildrenofwhichthebest-knownis

TheLamb(《羔羊》).

SongofExperience(《经验之歌》):ThiscollectionismuchmatureandisBlake’

best-knownpoemsinthiscollectionareTheTiger(《老虎》),London(《伦敦》)andThe

Chimney-Sweeper(《扫烟囱的孩子》).

Thepoemsinthiscollectionshowthatthepoet’yeswereopentotheevilsandvicesoftheworld.

2)RobertBurns(罗伯斯·彭斯,1759–1796,苏格兰诗人)

RobertBurns’poetryfallsintoveralgroupsaccordingtothesubjectmatter.

MostofBurns’e

tknownlyricsareARed,RedRo(《红红的玫瑰》),andAuldLang

sung(《旧日美好的时光》).

Burnswrotesomepoemstoexpresshishatredfortheoppressionoftherulingclassandhislovefor

freedom.

hispoemsand

epeople’spoet.

(七)EnglishDramainthe18thcentury

18世纪的英国戏剧

lIntroduction

In1728JohnGay(约翰·盖伊,1685—1732,英国剧作家)producedhisfamousopera,TheBeggar’s

Opera(《乞丐歌剧》),whichachievedoneofthemostconspicuousstagetriumphsinEnglishdramatic

ondhalfofthe18thcenturyproducedthegreatestEnglishplaywrightofthecentury,

RichardBrinsleySheridan,whodramaticwritingsmarkedthehighlightsofthe18thcenturyEnglish

ritedthetraditionofRealismindramawriting.

antWritersandLiteraryWorks

RichardBrinsleySheridan(理查德·布林斯里·谢立丹,1751—1816)

ramaticworks,theartificialcomedyreachesitsclimaxandthe

iscomedies,themostfamousonesareThe

Rivals(《情敌》)andTheSchoolforScandal(《造谣学校》).

Practices2

Lostisamasterpieceby_____.

lton

nson

m“metaphysicalpoetry”iscommonlyudtonametheworksofthe17thcenturywriterswho

wroteundertheinfluenceof____.

nyan

nne

id-18th,anewliterarymovementcalled____cametoEuropeandthentoEngland.

m

elGulliver’sTravelswaswrittenby____.

ceSterne

anSwift

ie:ForbidingMourningisthemasterpieceof_____.

dSpenr

nne

aissancewasaEuropeanphenomenon,whichoriginatedin____.

lly,theEnglishRenaissancereferstotheperiodbetween____.

A.14thandmid-17B.14thandmid-18th

C.16thandmid-18thD.16thandmid-17th

fthefollowingnovelisdifferentfromtheothers?

ndPrejudice

er’toryofTomJones,aFoundling

答案:BDADDCDB

LiteratureofRomanticAge

浪漫主义时期文学

(一)GeneralIntroduction总体介绍

1798,WilliamWordsworthandhis

friendsSamuelTaylorColeridgepublishedtheirjointworkLyricalBallads(《抒情歌谣集》).The

publicationof1832,the

lastRomanticwriterWalterScottdied,whichmarkedtheendoftheage.

ryoftheageisen

inthepoetryofWordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,ShelleyandKeats.

uringthisagethatwomenforthefirsttimeassumedan

importantplaceinEngishliterature.(这一时期,女性第一次登上英国文学的舞台。)Thegreatest

sthebestessayistinthisage.

英国是最早出现浪漫主义文学的国家之一。英国的浪漫主义作家不满于资本主义城市文明的发展,

具有愤世嫉俗、归隐自然的倾向。然而,英国浪漫主义第一批真正的大师则是被称为“湖畔派”的

三位诗人。WilliamWordsworth(威廉·华兹华斯)是湖畔派诗人中成就最高者,他与「湖畔派」另一

诗人SamuelTaylorColeridge(萨缪尔·柯勒律治)共同出版《抒情歌谣集》,成为英国浪漫主义文学

的奠基之作。诗集中收录的诗歌大部分为华兹华斯所做,而柯勒律治的名诗《古舟子咏》和《忽必

烈汗》亦收入其中,充满幻觉和奇谲的意象。然而华兹华斯这一时期最重要的作品则是长诗《序曲》。

他的诗歌极富古之幽情,与世俗格格不入。湖畔派三位诗人均蛰居于英国西北湖区,缅怀中世纪和

宗法式的乡村生活,是浪漫主义文学中温婉清丽的代表。

(二)RomanticPoetsoftheFirstGeneration第一代浪漫主义

TheRomanticpoetsofthisgroupareWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeandRobertSouthey.

TheyarealsocalledLakersorLakePoets(湖畔诗人).

mWordsworth(威廉·华兹华斯,1770—1850,英国诗人)

uralbeautyandgrandeurofthis

1787,heattendedCambridge

1797,

friendshipi,heacceptedthe

officeofadistributorofstampsandwasmade”PoetLaureate”(桂冠诗人).Hediedin1850whenhewas80

yearsold.

LyricalBallands(《抒情歌谣集》)

Thebest-knownpoemscontributedbyWordsworthareLinesCompodaFewMilesaboveTintern

Abbey(《顶灯寺旁》)andLinesWritteninEarlySpring(《早春》).Coleridge’scontributiontothisworkwas

hismasterpieceTheRimeoftheAncientMariner(《古舟子咏》).

PoemsonNatureandCountryLife

ThemostfamouspoemsinthisgroupareIWanderedLonelyasaCloud(《我似流云天自由》)andThe

SolitaryReaper(《孤独的刈麦女》).

Amonghislongerpoems,thebest-knownisThePrelude(《序曲》).

Wtryisdistinguishedby

thesimplicityandpurityofitslanguage.

TaylorColeridge(塞缪尔·泰勒·科勒律治,1772—1834,英国诗人)

ucedthreemainpoems:TheRimeoftheAncient

Marier(《古舟子咏》),whichishismasterpiece,KublaKhan(《忽必烈汗》)andChristabel(《克里斯

塔贝尔》).

GeorgeGordonByron(乔治·拜伦)和PercyByssheShelley(雪莱)两位诗人将英国的浪漫主义文学

推向高峰。他们和湖畔派诗人的不同之处在于其作品更具战斗意识和政治倾向。雪莱的代表作《解

放了的普罗米修斯》通过神话描写被压迫的人民的苦难和暴君的必然下场,预言革命一定会到来。

他的短诗《西风颂》、《致云雀》等音韵铿锵,更有“冬天如果来了,春天还会远吗?”等名句传世。

拜伦是19世纪上半期最为著名的浪漫主义诗人,他一生游历各地,其诗作充满异域情调。代表作

《唐璜》是对资本主义制度的一场深入骨髓的检阅,发人深省。在欧洲,拜伦成为一种文化现象。

人们把孤独、悲壮、崇尚个人式反抗的浪漫主义者形象称为“拜伦式英雄”。拜伦晚年投身于希腊的

民族解放运动,并最终因伤寒而死于希腊战场。

(三)RomanticPoetsofthencondGeneration

第二代浪漫主义

ThecondgenerationofEnglishRomanticpoetswasallprecociousandintenandhadtragicallyshort

tthemlvesagainstthebourgeoissocietyandthe

dintenloveforliberty.

GordonByron(乔治·戈登·拜伦,1788—1824,英国诗人)

ByronwaducatedinCambridgeUniversity,1815,Byronmarried

hebirthoftheirdaughter,eftEngland

1824,ByrondiedoffeverinGreece.

Byronwrotealotoflyricalpoems(抒情诗).t-knownpiecesare

SheWalksinBeauty(《她走在美的光影里》),WhenWeTwoParted(《昔日依依别》)andHebrew

Melodies(《希伯来歌曲》).

Byronischieflyknownforhistwolongpoems,oneisChildeHarold’sPrilgrimage(《恰尔德·哈罗尔德

记》),theotherisDonJuan(《唐璜》),whichishismasterpiece.

erarycareerwascloly

msarefavoritesoftheBritish

workers.

yssheShelley(珀西·比希·雪莱,1792—1822,英国诗人)

womarriagesandthecond

isfirstwifediedandhewascompelledtoleaveEnglandin1818andspentallthe

restofhislifeinItaly,1822,hewasdrowned.

PrometheusUnbound(《解放了的普罗米修斯》)isShelly’ryistakenfromGreek

ingtoGreekmyth,PrometheusstealsfirefromHeavenandispunishedbyZeus,who

yzeusisoverthrownandHerculestsPrometheusfree.

Shelly’stlovelyrics

are:OdetotheWestWind(《西风颂》)andToaSkylark(《致云雀》).“Ifwintercomes,canspringbefar

behind?”isafamouslineinOdetotheWestWind.

ats(约翰·济慈,1795—1821,英国诗人)

1817,hepublishedhisfirstvolumeofpoemsandin1818appearedhis

inRomeattheageof26.

HisfamousworksareOdetoaNightingale(《夜莺颂》),OdeonaGrecianUrn(《希腊古瓮颂》)andOde

toAutumn(《秋颂》).Therefore,Ode(颂诗)ishismainformofpoetry.

dingprincipleis“Beautyisturth,truthbeauty.”His

poetryisdistinguishedbynsuousness(知觉)andtheperfectionofform.

(四)ProWritersoftheRomanticAge浪漫主义时期的散文作家

ApartfromthespendidworksofRomanticpoets,theearly19thcenturyisremarkableforthedevelopment

dersinthisnewdevelopmentareHazlitt,Leigh

Hunt,treprentativeoftherewritersisCharlesLamb.

sLamb(查尔斯·兰姆,1775—1834,英国散文作家)

CharlesLambisfam

aborationwithhissisterMary,hewrotea

wonderfulbookforchildrencalledTalesfromShakespeare(《莎士比亚故事集》).Hisrealfamecamein

aysaredistinguishedforcombinationofnostalgia,humorandrefinedobrvation.(他的散文

以集思乡、幽默和细致入微的观察为一体而著名。)Lambhasbeengenerallyconsideredasthefinest

na(《古旧的瓷器》)ishisfamouswork.

aysareintenlypersonal.

mHuzlitt(威廉·哈次利特,1778—1830,英国散文家)

l-knowncriticalworksare:TheCharactersof

Shakespeare’sPlays(《莎士比亚戏剧中的人物》)

LecturesontheDramaticLiteratureoftheAgeofQueenElizabeth(《论伊丽莎白时代的戏剧》)

LecturesontheEnglishPoets(《论英国诗人》)

tofhissaysmaybefoundamongsuchessaysasMy

FirstAcquaintancewithPoets(《我与诗人的第一次接触》)andOnGoingaJourney(《论出游》).

(五)EnglishFictionintheRomanticAge

浪漫主义时期的英国小说

Scott(沃尔特·司各特,1771—1832,英国小说)

eraryworkbeganwiththetranslationfromtheGerman

1805,1814,hepublishedhisfirstnovel

Waverley(《威弗利》).

RobRoy(《罗伯·罗伊》)isthebest-knownofScott’snovelsonhistoryofScotland.

Ivanhoe(《艾凡赫》)isthebest-knownofScott’snovelsonEnglishhistory.

ovels,historicaleventsareclolyinterwovenwiththe

,Scott’s

literarycareermarksthetransitionfromRomanticismtoRealisminEnglishliteratureofthe19thcentury.

sten(简·奥斯汀,1775—1817,英国作家)

JaneAustenwasthefirstEnglishwomannovelist.

(简·奥斯汀是英国首位女作家)

AustenwasborninHampshire,educatedathomeandleda

wrotealtogether6novels,amongwhichtheimportantonesarePrideandPrejudice(《傲

慢与偏见》),SenandSensibility(《理智与情感》)andEmma(《爱玛》).

din1817attheageof42.

PrideandPrejudice

Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninposssionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwant

ofawife.

Howeverlittleknownthefeelingsorviewsofsuchamanmaybeonhisfirstenteringaneighbourhood,

thistruthissowellfixedinthemindsofthesurroundingfamilies,thatheisconsideredthe

rightfulpropertyofsomeoneorotheroftheirdaughters.

“凡是有钱的单身汉,总想娶位太太,这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。这样的单身汉,每逢新搬

到一个地方,四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何,见解如何,可是,既然这样的一条真理早已

在人们心目中根深蒂固,因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。”

Practices3

1.“Poetryisspontaneous”wasputforwardby____.

mWordsworth

mBlake

答案:B

2._____canberegardedastypicallybelongingtotheschoolofRomanticliterary.

mWordsworth

Hardy

答案:B

hefollowingpoets,whoisNOTalakepoet?

TaylorColeridge

mCollins

答案:D

4.“Beautyistruth,truthbeauty”isanepigrammaticlineby____.

mBlake

yssheShelley.

答案:A

ractersofShakespeare’sPlaysistheworkby____.

cy

答案:A

6.____wasthefirstEnglishwomannovelist.

iaWoolf

Eliot

答案:C

LiteratureinVictoriaPeriod

维多利亚时期英国文学

(一)GeneralIntroduction总体介绍

InVictoriaperiod,appearedanewliterarytrend——CriticalRealism(批判现实主义).EnglishCritical

ditxpressionintheformofnovels.

rikingforceandtruthfulness,he

picturedbourgeoiscivilization,showingthemiryofcommonpeople.

The19thcenturyCriticalRealistsmadeuoftheformofnovelforfullanddetailedreprentationof

socialandpoliticalevents,andofthefateofindividualsandofwholesocialclass.

Thesotimportantpoets

oftheagewereTennyson,ortantpro

writerswereThomasCaryleandMatthewArnold.

(二)CriticalRealistsinVictorian

维多利亚时期的批判现实主义小说家

sDickens(查尔斯·狄更斯,1812—1870,英国小说家)

wasfifteen,heleftschoolandenteredalawyer’s

1834,elPickwickPapers(《皮克威克外传》)broughthim

tofhislifewasworkwithoutrest.

1)Thefirstperiodofhisliterarycareer:

Thisperiodisreferredtotheyearsfrom1836to1841,n

novelsinthisperiodare:

ThenovelPickwickPapers

(《皮克威克外传》),

OliverTwist(《雾都孤儿》),

TheOldCuriosityShop

(《老古玩店》)

2)Thecondperiodofhisliterarycareer:

Thecondperiod,whichbeganfrom1842,period,he

visitedAmnnovels

are:Dombeyandson(《董贝父子》)

DavidCopperfield(《大卫·科波菲尔》)

3)Thethirdperiodofhisliterarycareer:

Dickens’nnovelsinthisperiodare:

GreatExpectation(《远大前程》)

ATaleofTwoCities(《双城记》)

mMakepeaceThackeray(威廉·梅克皮斯·萨克雷,1811—1893,英国小说家)

Thackerorninthe

ndedCambridgeUniversity,1847,he

publishedhismasterpieceVanityFair(《名利场》).

nteSisters

TheBronteSistersareCharlotteBronte(夏洛蒂·勃朗特,1816—1855),Emily(艾米莉·勃朗特,1818—

1848)andAnneBronte(安妮·勃朗特,1820—1849).Theywerealltalentedwritersandallofthemdied

reallloversofliteratureandreadalot.

1)CharlotteBronte’sMasterpieceJaneEyre(《简·爱》)

2)EmilyBronte’sMasterpieceWutheringHeights(《呼啸山庄》)

3)AnneBronte’sMasterpieceAgnesGrey(《艾格妮斯·格雷》)

作品欣赏——《简·爱》

这本小说是一部具有浓厚浪漫主义色彩的现实主义小说。主要描写了简·爱的一系列遭遇以及与罗切

斯特的爱情经历。女主人公简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性,她生活在社会底层,受尽磨难。

但是她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写,

引人入胜地展示了男女主人罗切斯特公曲折起伏的爱情经历,歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见。扎根

于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情,具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量。其最为成功之处

在于塑造了一个敢于反抗,敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。

《简·爱》经典语录

adgiftedmewithwealthandbeauty,Ishouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleavemeasitis

nowformetoleaveyou.

如果上帝赋予我财富和美貌,我会让你难于离开我,就像我现在难于离开你一样。

wsomebirdsarenotmeanttobecaged,theirfeathersarejusttoobright.

你知道,有些鸟儿是注定不会被关在樊笼里的,它们的每一片羽毛都闪耀着自由的光辉。

hink,becauIampoor,obscure,plainandlittele,Iamsoullessandheartless?Youthinkwrong!

——Ihaveasmuchsoulasyouandfullasmuchheart!

难道就因为我一贫如洗,默默无闻,长相平庸,个子瘦小,就没有灵魂,没有心肠了——你想错了,

我的心灵跟你一样丰富,我的心胸一样充实!

tooshort,cannotbeudvengefulbuildhate.

生命太短促,不能用来记仇蓄恨。

作品欣赏——《呼啸山庄》

《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品。小说描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫

(Heathcliff)被山庄老主人收养后,因受辱和恋爱不遂,外出致富,回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳(Catherine)

结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神,又始终笼

罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。它开始曾被人看做是年青女作家脱离现实的天真幻想,但结合其所描

写地区激烈的阶级斗争和英国的社会现象,它不久便被评论界高度肯定,并受到读者的热烈欢迎。

根据这部小说改编的影视作品至今久演不衰。

Ifyoualsoexistinthisworld,thenthisworld,regardlessofwhat,tomeismeaningful,butifyounot,

regardlessofthisworldhashowwell,

wanttobeasolitarypersonwildghost.

如果你还在这个世界存在着,那么这个世界无论什么样,对我都是有意义的,但是如果你不在了,

无论这世界有多么好,它在我的眼里也只是一片荒芜。而我就想是一个孤魂野鬼。

l(盖斯凯尔夫人,1810—1865,英国作家)

eofCharlotteBronte(《夏洛蒂·勃朗特的一生》)is

oneofthebestbiographiesinEnglishliterature.

MaryBarton(《玛丽·巴顿》)outtheclassstrugglebetweentheworkersandthe

capitalists.

Eliot(乔治·艾略特,1819—1880,英国女作家)

duced

threeremarkablenovels.

AdamBade(《亚当·比德》)TheMillontheFloss(《弗罗斯特河上的磨坊》)andSilasMarner(《织工马

南》)

Hardy(托马斯·哈代,1840—1928,英国诗人、小说家)

HardywasborninDorest,whichhecalledWesx(威萨克斯,英国历史上的一个帝王)

isfamousnovels,thebest-knownareTessofThe

D’Urbervilles(《德伯家的苔丝》)andJudetheObscure(《无名裘德》)

(三)VictorianPoetry维多利亚时期的诗歌

AlfedTennysonandRobertBrowningbothbeganwritingpoetryinemulationofthemajorRomantic

poets.

MuchVictoronoften

celebratedthegreatoccasionandachievementsoftheageandBrowningdidthesame.

Tennyson(阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生,1809—1892,英国诗人)

ade“PoetLaureate”in1850

whenWordsworthdied.

1872,

TennysonwenttoCambridge,in1892.

HismainpoeticalworksincludeThePrincess(《公主》),Mand(《莫德》)andshortpoemBreak,Break,

Break(《拍岸曲》).

Teeniusfor

ishpoetscouldsurpasshimatlinking

descriptionsofnaturetostateofthemind.

Browning(罗伯特·布朗宁,1812—1889,英国诗人)

lizabethBarrett(伊丽莎

白·巴雷特,1806—1861,英国诗人)in1845andtheywerecretlymarriedin1846andelopedtoItaly.

ItwaslivinginItalythathepublishedhisfinestvolumeofpoems,MenandWomen(《男男女女》).His

mainworksincludeMyLastDuchess(《我的前公爵夫人》)andMeetingatNight(《夜间相会》).

Browning’ealistic,optimisticandbelievedin

theprogressofmankind.

(四)VictorianPro维多利亚时期的散文

arlyle(托马斯·卡莱尔,1795—1881,英国历史学家和散文作家)

TheFrenchRevolution(《法国革命》)vividlydescribesthepeople’srebellionandpointsoutthatworkers’

mirablelivingconditionistheverycauoftherebellion.

skin(约翰·罗斯金,1819—1900,英国作家和艺术评论家)

JohnRuskinwaewasspent

intraveling,t,hewaspreoccupiedwithproblemsofart.

HismajorworksofartcriticismincludeModernPainters(《近代化家》)andTheSevenLampsof

Architecture(《建筑的七盏明灯》)andhisworksofcriticismincludeUntothisLast(《给那后来的》)and

SesameandLilies(《芝麻与百合》).

Ruskin’ssocialandeconomicthoughtshadexerteddeepinfluenceonsuchwritersandpoetsasWilliam

Morris,OscarWilde,ce.

wArnold(马修·阿诺德,1822—1888)

HismasterpieceisDoverBeach(《多弗尔海滩》).

(五)LiteraryTrendattheEndofthe19thcentury

19世纪末期的文学趋势

New-Romanticism(新浪漫主义):Itwasanotherliterarytrendprevailingattheendofthe19th

anticwritersoppodtheideathatartreflectslifereality.

RobertLouisStevenson(罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森,1850—1894,苏格兰小说家)

nworksinclude:Treasure

Island(《金银岛》),Kidnapped(《诱拐》),NewArabianNights(《新天方夜谭》)andStrangeCaof

DrJekyllandMrHyde(《化身博士》).

Aestheticism(唯美主义):Aestheticismisatermgiventoamovement,acult,andamodeof

entallyitexpressthepointofviewthatartislf-sufficientand

ticisminpoetryshowsatendencytowithdrawaloraversion.

OscarWilde(奥斯卡·王尔德,1854—1900,英国作家)

OscarWildeisthereprentativeamongthewritersofAestheticismandDecadence.

ThePictureofDorianGray(《道林·格雷的画像》)isatypicalDecadentnoveldescribingtheauthor’s

sthestoryofahandsomebutimmoralyoungmanwhoimmorality

leavesnotraceinhisownappearancebutisreflectedinhisportrait,whichbecomesmoreandmoreugly.

HappyPrinceandOtherTales(《快乐王子故事集》)isanotherimportantworkbyWilde.

Practice4

torianAgewaslargelyanageof____,eminentlyreprentedbyDickensandThackeray.

alRealism

答案:D

nteSisterspublishedthefollowingfamousnovelsEXCEPT_____.

re

rey

答案:A

lowingsareallDikens’worksEXCEPT____.

arofWakefield

fTwoCities

答案:B

eachiswrittenby____.

Tennyson

homas

答案:C

ThomasHardy’snovelsaretinWesx,____.

onprimitiveregion

’shometown

答案:B

cessofJaneEyreispartlyduetoitsintroductiontotheEnglishnovelthefirst_____heroine.

ess

答案:D

meofATaleofTwoCitiesis____.

rhood

答案:A

leofThackeray’sVanityFairistakenfrom____.

rieQueen

grim’Lost

答案:C

terisafigurein_____.

om’sCabin

答案:B

LiteratureinModernPeriod

现代时期英国文学

(一)GeneralIntroduction总体介绍

Early20thcenturyliterry,

heinfluenceofImpressionism,writersfocudonindividual

momentsofexperience.

NovelistsafterWorldWarIturnedtheirinteresttodescribingwhatwashappeninginthemindsoftheir

sistedthatfictionshouldexplorethedepthandrecessofpersonality,anunending

streamofimpression,rofthismethodisJamesJoyce.

(二)ImportantWritersandLiteraryWorks

lsworthy(约翰·奥尔斯华绥,1867—1933,英国小说家,剧作家,曾获1932

年诺贝尔文学奖)

JohnGaornina

raduationfromOxford,leis

notedforitsstrngthandelasticity,guageis

conci,clearandstraightforward.

TheForsyteSaga(《福赛特家史》)hasbeenregardedasGalsworth’syteSaga

includesthreenovelsandtwointerludes(插曲):TheManofProperty(《有财产的人》),TheIndianSummer

ofaForsyte(interlude),InChancery(《骑虎难下》),Awakening(interlude)andToLet(《出让》).

TheManofPropertymarksthepeakofCriticalRealisminallGalsworthy’sworks.

BernardShaw(萧伯纳,1856—1950,爱尔兰戏剧家,1925年因为作品具

有理想主义和人道主义,而获诺贝尔文学奖)

Bernarstagetocriticize

theevilsofcapitalism.

HismajorplaysincludeManandSuperman(《人与超人》),MajorBarbara

(《芭芭拉少校》)andPygmalion(《皮格马利翁》,又名《茶花女》).

ysdealwithcontemporarysocialproblems.

mButlerYeats(威廉·巴特勒·叶芝,1866—1939,爱尔兰诗人、剧作家,曾于

1923年获得诺贝尔文学奖)

imehemovedtoLondonin1897,hisgoalsan

1993,duetodisappointmentinlove,1921,

YeatsbecameanatorintheIrishFreeState.

HismajorpoemsincludeSailingtoByzantium(《驶上拜占庭》),TheSecondComing(《基督再临》)and

LedaandtheSwan(《丽达与天鹅》).

(艾略特,1888—1965,英国诗人、批评家)

sagreatpoet,nedhisbeliefas“classicistinliterature,royalistin

politicsandAnglo-Catholicinreligion.”

EliotwasborninAmericaandin1927becameaBritishsubject(国民).Hisclassicexpressionofhisageis

TheWasteLand(《荒原》),

1943,FourQuartets(《四个四重奏》)waspublishedandconcludedhismajorworkasapoetwithanew

renityofoutlook.

erbertLawrence(大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯)

LarencewasbornintheMidland-miningvillageofEastwood,herwasaminerandhis

1914,hemarriedFriedainGermany.

Larence’smostcontroversialnovelisLadyChatterley’sLover(《查泰莱夫人的情人》),thebestisprobably

TheRainbow(《虹》)andthemostpopularisSonsandLovers(《儿子与情人》).Anotherfamousnovelis

WomeninLove(《恋爱中的女人》).

他在作品中力求探索人的灵魂深处,并成功地运用了感人的艺术描写,因此,从他生前直到迄今为

止,他的作品一直被世界文坛所重视。

oyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯,1882—1942,爱尔兰作家)

JamesJoycewasborninDublin,eofdoingmostofwritinginZurich

andParis,hewroteonlyaboutDublin,tentofhisbooksismostlyaboutJoyce’s

childhoodandyouthinDublin.

Hismajornovelsinclude:APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan(《一个青年艺术家的画像》),Iargely

autographical;Ulyss(《尤利西斯》),FinnegansWake(《芬妮根守灵夜》)andavolumeofshortstories

Dubliners(《都柏林人》).

SteamofConsciousness(意识流):dnot

merelytodescribehowacharacterminghtthink,butalsotoprentarecordofthecharacter’sthoughts.

WordsareJoyce’sobssions,hisdelightandthesourceofhispower.

iaWoolf(弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙,1882—1941,英语女作家)

VirginiaWoolfisregardedasoneofthemainexponents(代表者)ofModernismandoneofthegreat

e1970sonward,hernovelshavebeenhighlyappreciated.

Hermajorworksinclude:ary(《达洛维夫人》),TotheLighthou(《到灯塔去》)andThe

Waves(《海浪》).fOne’sOwn(《自己的房间》)and

ThreeGuineas(《三个基尼》)aretwoessaystakenasclassicsofthefeministmovement(女权运动).

Practice5

oyceistheauthorofallthefollowingnovelsEXCEPT_____.

aitoftheArtistasaYoungMan

s

答案:C

orksarecharacterizedbySteamofConsciousness?

oyce

答案:D

ernEnglishnovelgivesa(n)______prentationoflifeofthecommonPeople.

tic

答案:D

BernardShawwasa(n)_____.

st

答案:B

fthefollowingwritershasoncewontheNobelPrize?

Hardy

homas

答案:A

6.____isconsideredtobethebestknownEnglishdramatistsinceShakespeare,andhisreprentative

worksareplaysinspiredbysocialcriticiam.

Goldsmith

dShaw

答案:D

7._____ce’smi-autographicalnovel.

nLove

atterley’sLover

答案:A

fthefollowingisNotVirginiaWoolf’snovel?

ay

Painters

答案:D

ionisafamousplaywrittenby_____.

GeorgeSmollett

dShaw

答案:D

本文发布于:2023-01-02 13:42:50,感谢您对本站的认可!

本文链接:http://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/90/78064.html

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。

上一篇:endurance
下一篇:screening
标签:trumpeter
相关文章
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论)
   
验证码:
Copyright ©2019-2022 Comsenz Inc.Powered by © 专利检索| 网站地图