visionary

翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题31

(总分100,考试时间90分钟)

ReadingComprehension

InWARMADEEASYNormanSolomondemolishesthemythofanindependentAmericanpress

ghstrictlyfocusingontheshameless

historyofmediacheerleadingfortheprincipalpostWorldWarIIAmericanwars,invasions,and

interventions,hecallsintoquestiontheentireconceptofthepressassomekindofinstitutional

counterforcetogovernmentandcorporatepower.

Manyofthe**piledinthisimpeccablydocumentedhistoricalreviewwillbefamiliartoreaders

hexamplesachievefreshimpactbecauoftheway

apterisdevotedtoasinglewarhawkargument

("AmericaIsaFairandNobleSuperpower","OpposingtheWarMeansSidingwiththeEnemy",

"OurSoldiersAreHeroes,TheirsAreInhuman"),illustratedwithhistoricalexamplesfrom

conflictsintheDominicanRepublic,E1Salvador,Vietnam,Grenada,Panama,Kosovo,bothIraq

wars,andothersinwhichthemediawerealmostuniversally**plices.

Thebookshouldreallybesubtitled"Warreportingdoesn"tjustsuck,itkills",itmakesyoufeel

likedemandingaspecialwarcrimestribunalforcorporatemediaexecutivesandownerswho

joinedtheroll-upto"shockandawe"re,thiswouldrai

theissueofwhetherornotfollowingordersmightsufficeforthedefenofobedientslavessuchas

MaryMcGroryandRichardCohen,whoperformedaboveandbeyondthecallofduty."He

persuadedme,"McGrorygushed(热情洋溢地表达)themorningafterColinPowelladdresda

plenaryssionoftheUnitedNationsonFebruary5,2003,declaringthatIraqhadweaponsof

massdestruction."Thecumulativeeffectwasstunning."InthesameWashingtonPostedition,

Cohenwrote.

TheevidenceheprentedtotheUnitedNations—someofitcircumstantial,someofitabsolutely

bone-chillinginitsdetail—hadtoprovetoanyonethatIraqnotonlyhasn"taccountedforits

ool—orpossiblya

Frenchman—couldconcludeotherwi.

Solomondemonstrateshowthiskindofpeppyprewarwarmupdegeneratesintodroolingand

rvingaheavy**putergame,thepornographers

ofdeathconcentrateontheexquisitecraftsmanshipandvisualdesignofthemurdermachinesand

themagnificenceofthefieryexplosionstheyproduce.

d"demolish"underlinedinParagraph1isclostinmeaningto______.

acommonmisperceptionofAmericanpress?

lostheshockinghistoryofinvasions.

entratesonmediasupportforthewars.

ectsfreedomofexpressionwithoutrerve.

dsonthesideofthegovernment.

d"accomplices"underlinedinParagraph2isclostinmeaningto______.

r

-worker

horofthispassagethinksWARMADEEASYis______.

versial

polished

d"suffice"underlinedinParagraph3isclostinmeaningto______.

y

e

eimpliedthattheconvictsinElSalvador,Vietnam,Grenada,Panama,Kosovo______.

dheroes

gottenbymostAmericans

iticizedbyAmericanmedia

pportedbyAmericanmedia

nbeinferredaboutMcGroryandRichardCohen?

reshockedbythenewsthatIraqhadweaponsofmassdestruction.

bliclysupportedtheUSaccusationofIraq.

C.**mittedaspecialwarcrime.

fendedtheinterestsofthowhoweresubmissive.

d"degenerate"underlinedinParagraph5refersto______.

econdtolastparagraph,"...couldconcludeotherwi"probablymeanstothink______.

dencegivenwastrue

dnoweaponsofmassdestruction

avehorrifyingdescriptionofIraq

owell"saddresswasoutofquestion

nmentioned**putergameinorderto______.

hepressforitsguiltinthewar

etheprewarpreparationsandtherealwar

thelargescaleofmassdestruction

bethevisualeffectsofthemurdermachines

Although"namingrights"haveproliferatedinAmericanhighereducationforthepastveral

decades,ngtogetanextra

ollegesanduniversitiessorelyneedtoraifundsin

thetimesoffiscalconstraints,butthingshavegottenabitoutofhand.

Universitiesandcollegeshavelongbeennamedafterdonors-thinkofHarvard,Yale,Brown,and

rvardwouldhardlygetabenchnamedafterhimtoday,giventhemodestyof

akesmuchmoretoget

one"titution,RowanUniversityofNewJery,changeditsname

(fromGlassboroStateCollege)ngs,too,

ionally,theywerenamedafterpeoplesuchasdistinguishedscholars

orvisionaryacademicleaders;nowthey"reoftennamedafterbigdonors.

Whyisallofthishappeningnow?Themainmotivationforthenamingfrenzyis,ofcour,torai

lovetoetheirnames,orthenamesoftheirparentsorotherrelatives,on

buildings,schools,institutions,professorships,singly,corporationsandother

busines,nolimits

thingdoesnothaveaname,itisupforgrabs—a

stairca,apond,lthemajorfacilitieshavetitles,lesrthingsgoon

esanduniversities,publicandprivate,areallunderincread

pressuretoraimoney,andnamingbringsincash.

tebrandingweakensthefocusandmissionofaninstitutionandperhaps

usthepublic,includingpotentialstudents,andfeedstheidea

thatthetwenty-first-centuryuniversityissimplyaconfederationofindependententrepreneurial

domains.

ThetrendsweenowintheUnitedStates,andperhapstomorrowinothercountries,will

inevitablyweakentheconceptoftheuniversityasaninstitutionthatisdevotedtothearchfor

snamingdistractsfromthemissionofaninstitution

adsymbolindeedof

**mercializationandentrepreneurialismofthecontemporaryuniversity.

d"constraints"underlinedinParagraph1isclostinmeaningto______.

tion

e2ndparagraph,wecanlearnthatJohnHarvard______.

iversitynamedafterhimduetohisdonatedbooks

nlygetabenchnamedafterhimtoday

firstdonorforhighereducationin17thcentury

founderofHarvardUniversity

d"visionary"underlinedinParagraph2isclostinmeaningto______.

ent

ent

ast,thebuildingsinuniversitieswerenamedafter______.

calleaders

yalumni

ndingscholars

donors

d"frenzy"underlinedinParagraph3isclostinmeaningto______.

ement

ment

npurpoforcorporationstodonatemoneytouniversitiesis______.

emoremoney

enefitandreputation

nskillfulstudentsforthem

oveeducationalfacilities

4thparagraph,theword"unproductive"probablymeans______.

cannotbringbenefitstothedonatingbusiness

tenamingyieldsabroaderreputationforauniversity

-of-handnamingweakensthegoalofhighereducation

cannotraienoughmoneyforauniversity"sdevelopment

d"transmission"underlinedinParagraph5refersto______.

ation

pment

ingtotheauthor,auniversityshouldbeaplace______.

dtothearchfortruth

cializedbynamingtrends

tingpotentialstudents

ngonscientificrearchonly

ispassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorholdsa(n)______attitudetowardsthecurrent

namingphenomenoninAmericanhighereducation.

al

tic

ThelandscapeoftheGiant"sCauway,lurkingbelowthegauntawallwherethelandends,

musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubquentlyfeltinspiredand

createdlegendsaboutitsbuilder:wayCoasthasanunparalleled

displayofgeologicalformationsreprentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriod

tiarylavasoftheAntrimPlateau,coveringsome3,800sqkm,

reprentthelargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

softhecolumnsform

therthereare

40,000ofthestonecolumns,mostlyhexagonal,butsomearequadrangular,pentagonal,

lestateabout40feethigh,andthesolidifiedlavainthecliffsis

90feetthickinplaces.

AfinecircularwalkwilltakeyoudowntotheGiant"sCauway,pastamphitheatresofstone

columnsandformationswithfancifulnameslikethe**b,theWishingWell,andtheGiant"s

Granny,pastawoodenstaircatoBenbaneHead,rdownthe

coast,thestunningCarrick-a-rederopebridgespansagapingchasmbetweenthecoastandasmall

hty-footdropcanbecrosdviatheswingingbridge—andisnot

forthefaint-hearted!

TheGiant"sCauwayandCauwayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSiteby

eisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriatinthe

,itisanoutstandingexamplereprentingmajorstagesofthe

earth"shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessinlandform

developments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontains

superlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.

MoyleDistrictCouncil"sCauwayVisitorCentreisopendailyallyearroundandlocatedonthe

treistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastaland

cliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorrvices.A12-minuteaudio-visual

prentation,**mentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexplorethe

originsoftheGiant"sCauwaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory,andhighlightsthe

manyotherattractionsoftheCauwayCoastandGlensofAntrimarea.

d"lurking"underlinedinParagraph1isclostinmeaningto______.

nt"sCauwaywascreatedby______.

ientIrishpeople

ntFinnMcCool

canicactivities

ftoflavaplateau

d"remaining"underlinedinParagraphIisclostinmeaningto______.

altcolumnsmayhave______sides.

A.3,4,5,6or7

B.5,6,7,8or9

C.4,5,6,7or8

D.6,7,8,9or10

tntenceinParagraph3impliesthatthetripontheswingingbridgeisquite______.

dating

-breaking

d"inscribed"underlinedinParagraph4isclostinmeaningto______.

be

ftheGiant"sCauway"sfeaturesbestfitswiththecriteriatintheWorldHeritage

Convention?

aralleleddisplayofgeologicalformations.

hitheatreswithfancilynamedstonecolumns.

gestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

ngingropebridgebetweenthecoastandalittleisle.

elastparagraph,wecaninferthatthispieceofwritingismostprobably______.

opmentaldesign

ngeography

doflocalfolklore

smadvertiment

d"highlights"underlinedinParagraph5isclostinmeaningto______.

brightness

fthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheGiant"sCauway?

idesvisitorsgrandandbreath-takingviews.

ourceofliteraryinspirationfortheancientIrish.

esasanexcellentpieceofmaterialforscientificrearch.

fsmanyotherWorldHeritageSitesinEurope.

Ifyouleftyourbookonthetableovernight,youwouldfindthefollowingmorningthatitwasstill

exactlywhenyouhadleftit,lismadetorollonavery

smoothsurface,itw

tendencyofanobjecttoremainatrestunlesssomethingmovesitandtocontinuemovingunless

somethingstopsitisknownastheLawofInertia.

Thefollowingexamplesshowthetruthofthislaw.

(a)eedgeofthetable-cloth

le-cloth**eoff,leavingthepileofbooksundisturbed.

(b)Placeasmallpieceofcardboardonanopenjarandplaceacoinonitdirectlyoveritsmouth.

lnoticethatthecoindropsintothejar.

(c)Sittinginacarwhichstartssuddenly,,youarenot

werhalf,whichisincontactwiththecushion,isforcedtomoveforward

withthecar,andtheupperpartofyourbody,whichremainedatrest,isleftbehind.

utonthetableovernightwould______thefollowingmorning.

oundagain

ouchedagain

actlywhereitwasleft

idedtosomeoneel

ithasmoothsurfacemadetorollonaverysmoothsurfacewould______.

itssurface

meobjects

ongdistance

itsdirection

passage,inertiameans______.

tioninwhichnoactionistaken

tioninwhichnoprogressismade

lingofsomeonenotwantingtomoveordoanything

cemakinganobjectstayatrestorcontinuemoving

ofInertiaisalawconcerning______.

ce

ion

irstexample,thepileofbooksonthetable-clothwill______.

enintopieces

rontotheground

initspositionofrest

pedinthetable-cloth

econdexample,whenthecardboardisflickedaway,thecoinwill______.

tothejar

hemouth

thecupboard

toyourhand

ginacarwhichstopssuddenly,youfeelthatyouare______.

hind

backwards

fthefollowingisanexampleofinertia?

anstayonwater.

canflyintheair.

walkfasteronaverysmoothsurface.

goforwardandbackwardonaswing.

ssage,onthewhole,isdevelopedby______.

e

leofthispassageis______.

c

Afewyearsago,intheirarchforwaystollmoregoods,advertisingmenhitonanewand

ilent,**mercialthat,theadmenclaim,canberushedpastthe

consumer"sconsciousmindandplantedinhissubconscious—andwithouttheconsumer"s

knowledge.

DevelopedbyJamesVicary,arearchmanwhostudieswhatmakespeoplebuy,thistechnique

iststellusthatmanyofthe

**ingtooureyesarenotconsciously"en".Welectonlyafewforconscious"eing"and

lythediscardedimpressionsarerecordedinthebrainthoughtheyarebelow

thethresholdofconsciousness.

There"slittledoubtinVicary"smindastothesubliminalad"ofcanbe

summedupinjusttwowords:salesincrea.

Inanunidentifiedmoviehounotsolongago,unknownaudiencessawacuriousfilmprogram.

Atthesametime,onthesamescreenonwhichthefilmherowascourtingtheheroineasubliminal

projectorwasflashingits**mercials.

"Getpopcorn,"ordered**mercialforareportedonethree-thousandthsofacondeveryfive

unced"Coca-Cola"

endofasixweekstrial,popcornsaleshadgoneup57percent,Cokesales18percent.

,nrearchonsubliminalperception

mentalFilmsstressthatitquipmentwasdesignedforhelpingproblematic

wodoctorsshowedtwentywomentheprojected

ldthesubjectstowatchthefaceforsomechangeof

women

ewordhappywasflashedonthescreeninstead,the

subjectsthoughtthewoman"sfacialexpressionlookedmuchmorepleasant.

Subliminaltechniques,itspromotersbelieve,sthe

processcanevenbeudtollpoliticalcandidates,byleavingafavorableimpressionofthe

candidateinthemindsoftheelectoratessubliminally.

Howconvincingarethe**mercials?Skepticalpsychologistsanswerthattheyaren"tanywhere

ghasbeenprovenyet

scientifically,saysaprominentrearchman.

d"gimmick"underlinedinParagraph1isclostinmeaningto______.

er

inalperceptioniswhenone______.

ttempttobuywithagoodreason

ssomepasteventsandactivities

eingsomeimagesinhismind

entalpicturewithoutconsciousness

d"consciously"underlinedinParagraph2isclostinmeaningto______.

ely

gly

rtisingsponsors,thetruetestofsubliminalprojectioniswhetherit______.

worththemoneyspent

eateamentalimpression

ellmoreoftheirproducts

uangerintheaudience

d"threshold"underlinedinParagraph2isclostinmeaningto______.

ing

inaladsareinvisiblebecautheyareshownvery______.

lly

y

inaltechniqueshaveNOTbeenudfor______.

ingsales

B.**mercials

mentalillness

gpoliticalcandidates

d"it"underlinedinParagraph6refersto______.

hnique

ychologistsemtobelievethatsubliminalprojection______.

cautiousapplication

ffectonsales

tsthecustomers

amentalconfusion

theauthor"spositiononsubliminalprojectioninads?

alsnoneinthepassage.

catesitsprohibition.

idersitanexaggeration.

aimsitffectiveness.

k"sDayiscelebratedonMarch17,hisreligiousfeastdayandtheanniversaryofhis

hasitthatthispatronsainthadgivenarmonfromahilltop

udthethree-leafedshamrocktoreprentthe

Trinity—howtheFather,theSon,andtheHolySpiritcouldallexistasparateelementsofthe

sameentity—shhaveobrvedthisdayasa

weargreeninmemoryoftheEmeraldIsleand

wearshamrocks.

k"sDayparade,however,tookplacenotinIreland,butintheUnitedStates.

IrishsoldiersrvingintheEnglishmilitarymarchedthroughNewYorkCityonMarch17,1762.

Alongwiththeirmusic,theparadehelpedthesoldiers,aswellasfellowIrishmenrvinginthe

Englisharmy,toreconnectwiththeirIrishroots.

Overthenextthirty-fiveyears,IrishpatriotismamongAmericanimmigrantsflourished,prompting

theriofso-called"IrishAid"societies,liketheFriendlySonsofSaintPatrickandtheHibernian

oupwouldholdannualparadesfeaturingbagpipes(whichactuallyfirstbecame

popularintheScottishandEnglisharmies)anddrums.

Upuntilthemid-nineteenthcentury,mostIrishimmigrantsinAmericaweremembersofthe

eGreatPotatoFaminehitIrelandin1845,clotoamillionpoor,

uneducated,edfortheir

religiousbeliefsandfunnyaccentsbytheAmericanProtestantmajority,theimmigrantshad

ishAmericansinthecountry"scitiestooktothestreets

k"sDaytocelebratetheirheritage,newspapersportrayedthemincartoonsasdrunk,

violentmonkeys.

However,theIrishsoonbegantorealizethattheirgreatnumberndowedthemwithapolitical

artedtoorganize,andtheirvotingblock,knownasthe

"greenmachine",ly,annualSt.

Patrick"sDayparadesbecameashowofstrengthforIrishAmericans,aswellasamust-attend

1948,PresidentTrumanattendedNewYorkCity"sSt.

Patrick"sDayparade,aproudmomentforthemanyIrishwhoancestorshadtofightstereotypes

andracialprejudicetofindacceptanceinAmerica.

d"converted"underlinedinParagraph1isclostinmeaningto______.

k"slegendaryfeatsinIrelanddoesNOTinclude______.

entingtheTrinitywithaplant

ngthebeliefofpagans

gsnakesoutofIreland

peoplewearcostume

d"flourished"underlinedinParagraph3isclostinmeaningto______.

r

54."TheEmeraldIsle"probablyrefersto______.

d

kCity

d"despid"underlinedinParagraph4isclostinmeaningto______.

le

k"lybecauIrishsoldiers

______.

toremembertheirIrishrootsandfellowship

aceremonytogowiththeirmilitarymusic

tofindanewformofcelebratinganoldholiday

tocelebratetheirmilitaryvictoryintheUS

ninthefollowingeventxcept______.

rgenceofvariousIrishsocieties

ckpopularityofbagpipesanddrums

kparade

urishingnationalspiritamongIrishimmigrants

d"ancestors"underlinedinParagraph5refersto______.

essor

ather

**munitybegantogainmoreattentionlatermainlybecau______.

persportrayedthemincartoonsasdrunk,violentmonkeys

rereportedtohavedifficultiesinfindingevenmenialjobs

ciansgrewincreasinglyawareoftheirpowerofvoting

k"sDayparade

fthefollowingeventsdidNOThappenonMarch17?

k"sdeath

k"sconversionoftheIrishpagans

eoplewearingshamrocks

k