2018年12月四级

2018年12月英语四级真题（第一套）

Part

IWriting

(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowritea

shortessayonthechallengesofstartingacareerafter

uldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180

words.

PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)

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SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,

theendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.

Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.

Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoothebestanswerfromthe

fourchoicesmarkedA），B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebadonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Landaspacevehicleonthemoonin2019.

B)Designanewgenerationofmobilephones.

C)Setupamobilephonenetworkonthemoon.

D)Gatherdatafromthenoonwithatinydevice.

2.A)Itisstable.

B)Itisdurable.

C)Itisinexpensive.

D)Itissophisticated.

Questions3and4arebadonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Itlastedmorethansixhours.

B)Noinjurieswereyetreported.

C)Nobodywasinthebuildingwhenitbrokeout.

D)Ithadburnedfor45minutesbythetimefirefightersarrived.

4.A)Recruitandtrainmorefirefighters.

B)Pulldownthedertedshoppingmall.

C)Turntheshoppingmallintoanamumentpark.

D)Findmoneytorenovatethelocalneighborhood.

Questions5and6arebadonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Shrinkingpotatofarming.

B)Heavyrelianceonimport.

C)Widespreadplantdia.

D)Insufficientpotatosupply.

6.A)Itintendstokeepitstraditionaldiet.

B)Itwantstoexpanditsownfarming.

C)Itisafraidofthespreadofdia.

D)Itisworriedaboutunfaircompetition.

7.A)Globalwarning.

B)Ever-risingprices.

C)Governmentregulation.

D)Diminishinginvestment.

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,youwillheartwolong

ndofeachconversation,youwillhearfour

econversationandthequestionswillbespoken

ouhearaquestion,youmustchoothebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).Thenmark

thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline

throughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Informative.

B)Inspiring.

C)Dull.

D)Shallow.

9.A)Shetypesonakeyboard.

B)Shedoesrecording.

C)Shetakephotos.

D)shetakenotes.

10.A)Itkeepshermindactive.

B)Itmakesherstayawake.

C)Itenableshertothinkhard.

D)Ithelpsherkilltime.

11.A)Itenableshertoimproveherpronunciation.

B)Ithelpsherbetterrememberwhatshelearns.

C)Itturnsouttobeanenjoyablewayoflearning.

D)Itprovestobefarmoreeffectivethanwriting.

Questions12to15arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Tospendherhoneymoon.

B)TotryautbenticIndianfood.

C)TotakephotosoftheJajMahal.

D)Totracetheoriginofalovestory.

13.A)Inmemoryofaprincess.

B)Inhonorofagreatcmperor.

C)Tomarkthedeathofanemperorofthe1600s.

D)Tocelebratethebirthofaprincess’s14thchild.

14.A)Itlooksolderthanexpected.

B)Itisbuiltofwoodandbricks.

C)Itstoreslotsofpricelessantiques.

D)Ithaswallsdecoratedwithjewels.

15.A)Theirstreetsarenarrow.

B)Eachonhasauniquecharacter.

C)Theyaremostlycrowded.

D)Lifecanbetediousinsomeplaces.

SectionC

Directions:Inthisction,

endofeachpassage,

ou

hearaquestion,youmustchoothebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theyhelpspreadthelatesttechnology.

B)Theygreatlyenrichpeople’sleisurelife.

C)Theyprovideresidentswiththe

D)Theyallowfreeaccesstodigitalbooksandvideos.

17.A)Byhelpingthemfindjobs.

B)Bykeepingthemoffthestreets.

C)Byinspiringtheircreativity.

D)Byprovidingaplaceofrelaxation.

18.A)Theirinteractionwithteenagersprovedfruitful.

B)Theyudlibrarieslessoftenthanteenagers.

C)Theytendedtovisitlibrariesregularly.

D)Theirnumberincreadmodestly.

Questions19to21arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itisthecleverestcatintheworld.

B)Itisanunusualcrossbreed.

C)ItisthelargestcatinAfrica.

D)Itisalarge-sizedwildcat.

20.A)Theyareasloyalasdoges.

B)Theyarefondofsleepingincabinets.

C)Theyhaveunusuallylongtails.

D)Theyknowhowtopleatheirowners.

21.A)Theyshaketheirfrontpaws.

B)Theyshowerwiththem.

C)Theyteachthemtodive.

D)Theyshoutatthem.

Questions22to25arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Contentedandrelieved.

B)Anxiousanddepresd.

C)Proudbutabitnervous.

D)Excitedbutsomewhatsad.

23.A)Itstartsthemomenttheyareborn.

B)Itdependsontheirparentsforsuccess.

C)Itisgainingincreasingpublicattention.

D)Itisbecomingparents’biggestconcern.

24.A)Chootherightschoolforthem.

B)Helpthemtolearnbythemlves.

C)Readbooksandmagazinestothem.

D)Setagoodexampleforthemtofollow.

25.A)Theirintelligence.

B)Theirhomelife.

C)Thequalityoftheirschool.

D)Theefforttheyputinlearning.

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40

minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,thereisapassagewithten

requiredtolectonewordforeachblankfrom

alistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe

epassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyour

oiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleamarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswer

notu

anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．

Questions26to35arebadonthefollowingpassage.

lutioncoststhe

globaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemost

rious26occurringinthedevelopingworld.

incomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.

pollution,whichincludes

28likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained29over

ofoutdoor

pollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryand

transportation.

DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChris

Murray30itasan“urgentcalltoaction.”“Oneoftherisk

factorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividuals

havelittle31,”hesaid.

Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,where

insomeplaceslost-laborincome32nearly1%9in

10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswhere

they33experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.

Buttheproblemisnotlimited34tothedevelopingworld.

manyEuropeancountries,wherediel(柴油)35havebecomemore

commoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.

A)abilityI)exclusively

B)associatedJ)innovated

C)consciouslyK)regularly

D)constantL)relates

E)controlM)sources

F)damageN)undermine

G)describedO)vehicles

H)equals

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,youaregoingtoreadapassagewith

tenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformation

fytheparagraphfromwhich

chooaparagraphmorethan

thequestions

bymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress

[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph’s

marketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelping

ecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,

wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhow

tofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy.“Haveyou

thoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.“The

frozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygood

arequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozen

fruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”

[B]Scottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogram

directorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.

ter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’program

ndsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfor

thervice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.

[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni(通心粉)-and-cheeboxesin

Scott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniand

realchee.“SoI’dhavetomakeit？”sheasks,herenthusiasmfading

atthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsreject

it.“I’mnotsurethey’stwon’teatit.”

[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocesdfoodsarebigcontributorstothe

risingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica,over50percentofour

foodisprocesdfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfood

weshouldtrytoreverthat.”Scottagrees

totrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandchee.

Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.

[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.

Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit’smaking

progressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartof

treatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications(药物).Byprescribing

nutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas‘ShopwithyourDoc’,

theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreverdiabychangingwhat

patientat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytoward

reversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancer

byfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.

[F]Inthebigpicture,dAfable,CEOandpresidentof

HoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestarting

tomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjust

elingechoesthebeliefsofthe

TherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,

whichcompleteditspilotphaandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasis

gramwillofferpatients

veralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensive

traininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,and

notjustgiveawayfood,”uyen,thehospital’smedical

directorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhat

they’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”

[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineis

offeringspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyle

Medicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdia.

Rearchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorrever

dias,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,or

thateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.

Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclear

pictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocesdfoodsinthe

Americandietcontributetothenation’shighratesofobesity,diabetes

ingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percent

ofdeathsfromheartdiaandstrokearecaudbyhighbloodpressure,

tobaccou,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsand

vegetables.

[H]“It’sadifferentparadigm（范式）ofhowtotreatdia,”says

Rea,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventivemedicineresidency

estylemedicine

specialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdia,

inpart,bychangingpatients’icalcenterand

way,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,butalsohowto

preparethemathome.

[I]Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknow

ansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsalt

hingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhow

topreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient’

beyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient’s

family.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asa

physician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangeto

revertheeffectsoflong-termdia.”

[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslow

inflammation（炎症）,forexample,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancer

ral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommenda

plant-baddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorother

inflammatoryconditions.

[K]“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,

butthatcanhappen,”saysNguyen.“Inthesamewayphysiciansudtosmoke,

andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithink

physicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit.”

anhalfofthefoodAmericanatisfactory-produced.

saspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppers

infoodstores.

sgrowingevidencefromrearchthatfoodhelpspatients

recoverfromvariousillness.

hybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.

ngapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.

d-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatment

butteachespatientshowtocookit.

snotkeenoncookingfoodherlf,thinkingitwouldsimply

beawasteoftime.

espatientsareadvidtoeatmoreplant-badfood.

oodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismaking

headwaythedays.

ans’highratesofvariousillnessresultfromthewaytheyeat.

SectionC

Directions:ssageis

hof

themtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshould

decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,with

certainareavenhavingtopumpfreshwaterhundredsofmilestotheir

blemisgrowingasthepopulationofthestate

earchhasfounddeepwaterrervesunderthe

usdrillingofwells

couldonlyreachdepthsof1,000feet,butduetonewpumpingpractices,water

deeperthanthiscannowbeextracted（抽取）.TheteamatStanford

investigatedtheaquifers（地下蓄水层）belowthisdepthandfoundthat

rervesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviouslythought.

Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetforoilandgas

extraction,butonlyrecentlyinCaliforniahasitbecomeprofitabletopump

ifersrangefrom1,000to3,000feetbelowthe

ground,whichmeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareother

gestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepinthe

aterispumpedout,the

vacantspaceleftiscompactedbytheweightoftheearthabove.

Eventhoughpumpingfromthedepthsixpensive,itisstillcheaper

thandesalinating（脱盐）

desalinationplantxistwherefeasible,buttheyarecostlytorunandcan

remuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,

andCaliforniaishopingthatthedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheir

verewatershortage.

Oneproblemwiththesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigher

ansthatsomewellsmayeven

needtoundergodesalinationafterextraction,thusincreasingthecost.

Rearchfromtheexhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogs

imatesofthewaterrervesnowgoupto

2,700billioncubicmetersoffreshwater.

ldCalifornia’sdroughtcrisisbesolvedaccordingtosome

rearchers?

A)Bybuildingmorerervesofgroundwater.

B)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.

C)Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices.

D)Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.

nbeinferredaboutextractingwaterfromdeepaquifers?

A)Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.

B)Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpen.

C)Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.

D)Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.

mentionedasaconquenceofextractingwaterfromdeep

underground？

A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.C)Thedamageto

aquifers.

B)Theharmtotheecosystem.D)Thechangeofthe

climate.

estheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?

A)Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.

B)Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.

C)Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.

D)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.

yhappenwhendeepaquifersareudaswatersources?

A)People’shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.

B)People’swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.

C)Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.

D)Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebadonthefollowingpassage.

TheAlphaGoprogram’svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershave

become.

Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically,meaningcan

theybehonestandfair?

ealreadyonCaliforniaroads,

soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecanprogramamachinetoactethically.

Asdriverlesscarsimprove,llmakefewer

mes,however,theywillfaceachoice

thecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunning

acrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheirpasngersatrisk?Whatabout

makingasuddenturntoavoidadog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothe

caritlf,nottothepasngers?

Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,butthey

ngethicstoamachineevenmore

intelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.

AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo’striumph,Microsoft’s‘chatbot’took

tware,namedTaylor,wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfrom

wassuppodtobeabletolearnfromthemessages

designedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandle

conversations,e

startedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,Microsoftturnedheroffanddeleted

herugliestmessages.

AlphaGo’svictoryandTaylor’sdefeathappenedataboutthesametime.

ethingtouAIwithinagamewith

methingverydifferenttouAIin

redictabilityoftherealworldmaybringtothe

surfaceatroublingsoftwareproblem.

EricSchmidtisoneofthebossofGoogle,ks

peoplewillbethewinner,whatever

esinAIwillmakehumanbeingssmarter,moreableand

“justbetterhumanbeings.”

estheauthorwanttoshowwiththeexampleofAlphaGo’s

victory?

A)Computerswillprevailoverhumanbeings.

B)Computershaveunmatchedpotential.

C)Computersareman’spotentialrivals.

D)Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.

estheauthormeanbyAImachinesactingethically?

A)Theyarecapableofpredictingpossiblerisks.

B)Theyweighthegainsandlossbeforereachingadecision.

C)Theymakensibledecisionswhenfacingmoraldilemmas.

D)Theysacrificeeverythingtosavehumanlives.

saidtobethebiggerchallengefacinghumansintheAIage?

A)Howtomakesuper-intelligentAImachinessharehumanfeelings.

B)Howtoensurethatsuper-intelligentAImachinesactethically.

C)HowtopreventAImachinesdoingharmtohumans.

D)Howtoavoidbeingover-dependentonAImachines.

welearnaboutMicrosoft’s‘chatbot’Taylor?

A)Shecouldnotdistinguishgoodfrombad.

B)Shecouldturnherlfoffwhennecessary.

C)Shewasnotmadetohandlenovelsituations.

D)Shewasgoodatperformingroutinetasks.

esEricSchmidtthinkofartificialintelligence?

A)Itwillbefarsuperiortohumanbeings.

B)Itwillkeepimprovingastimegoesby.

C)Itwillprovetobeanasttohumanbeings.

D)Itwillbeheretostaywhatevertheoutcome.

Part

ⅣTranslation

(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslate

uldwriteyouranswer

onAnswerSheet2.

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大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们现在经常智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传

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超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。

关注公众号“春秋大道”，无偿得到全部英语四六级历年真题（更新至2018年

12月）+听力原频