2014考研英语二

更新时间:2022-11-23 19:42:07 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月23日发(作者:小学语文病句类型)

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Thinnerisn’rofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeople

arereare

healthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomen

arelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,being

somewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.

Ofevengreater___5___

oftendefined___6___bodymassindex,___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareof

n25and

y,___8___,canbedividedinto

moderatelyobe,verelyobe,andveryverelyobe.

Whilesuchnumericalstandardsem9,yisprobablylessamatterof

oplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalow

mple,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12as

obe,ly,someonewithasmallframemay

havehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.

Todaywehavea(an)_14_rweightare

sometimes_15_types_16_withobesityinclude

laziness,lackofwillpower,rs,employers,andhealth

professionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasagainsttheobe._17_veryyoungchildrentend

tolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaproblemin

schools.

Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberof

anti-obesity_19_.

leObamalauncheda

high-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitreprentsourgreatest

nationalcuritythreat.

1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured

、【答案】Bconcluded

【解析】题干中,一系列的研究已经_____,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于

超重的人。根据句义,后面的部分实际上是研究的结论,因此concluded符合题意,其他

选项denied(否认)与意义相反,doubled(翻倍)与题意较远,ensured(确保)不符合题意,

因为研究不能确保后面的事实,只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。

2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

、【答案】Aprotective

【解析】题干中,对于某些健康情况,超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论,

超重能减少罹患疾病的风险,说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反,

sufficient表示充足,troublesome表示有麻烦,不符合题意,所以正确答案为A。

3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewi[D]Therefore

、【答案】Clikewi

【解析】第三句话中,较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____,在老年人中,

一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接

的句意关系,B选项however也表示逆接,D选项therefore表示因此,只有C选项likewi

意为同样地;也,而且。因此正确答案为C。

4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

、【答案】Aindicator

【解析】本句话中,_____,一定程度上超重,经常是健康的_____。A选项,表示指示

器,指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源,D选项example表示例子。

根据前面的文章内容,已经明确指出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答

案为A。

5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

、【答案】Dconcern

【解析】本句话的句意是,需要更加_____是,很难对肥胖加以定义。A、impact(印象);B、

relevance(相关性);C、assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。前文已经说到肥胖事实上

有利健康,但是又面临一个问题,到底如何去定义肥胖,因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定

义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确答案为D。

6.[A]intermsof[B]incaof[C]infavorof[D]inof

、【答案】Aintermsof

【解析】题干中,肥胖经常______体质指数,或称为BMI来定义。A、intermsof,根

据……,就……而言。B、Incaof表示在某种情况下,C、infavorof表示赞成,以……

来取代,D、inrespectof,关于……。因此正确答案为A。在医学研究和临床测试中经常

使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标,希望考生能够记住这一背景知识,方便日后做题。

7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

、【答案】Cequals

【解析】本题题干中BMI_____体重除以身高的平方,这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得

出的方法,也就是一个数学公式,所以equal符合题意。Ameasure(测量)、Bdetermine

表示确定;Dmodify(修订)。句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。

8.[A]inesnce[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

、【答案】Cinturn

【解析】本题题干中,肥胖_____能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、in

esnce(事实上、实际上);B、incontrast(相反地);C、inturn(依次);D、inpart(部

分地)。本句是将肥胖依次分级,所以正确答案为C。

9.[A]complicated[B]conrvative[C]variable[D]straightforward

、【答案】Dstraightforward

【解析】题干中,相比之下,这样的数字标准看起来_____,实际上不是的。A、complicated

(复杂);B、conrvative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward(直截了当);

这里的数字标准指的就是肥胖指数,肥胖指数分为三类,而且算法比较简单,所以A复杂

不正确,B选项保守,用于描述一种数学公式,不恰当,一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般

是确定的,因此可变的也不符合题意,D选项straightforward表示直截了当,符合题意,

因此正确答案为D。

??????10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless

【答案】Bwhile

【解析】本句中,一些人有很高的BMI,实际上身材正好,_____其他人有较低的BMI

指数,可能_____。从前半句我们可以看出,有些人的BMI指数很高,应该属于体重肥胖的

人,事实上身材正好,这里说明的是反常的现象,后半句是其他人的BMI指数较低,而_____

较差。A、so(所以);B、while(而);C、since(因为);D、unless(除非)四个选项中只有while

有转折的含义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确答案为B。

11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

、【答案】Ashape

【解析】本题可以简化为:Some…arefit,whileothers…maybeinpoor.不

难看出,前后意义相反,且fit(体型健康)与inpoor对应,与之最相关是Ashape(外形),

故为正确答案。"精神"、"均衡"、"品味"都相差比较远,可以排除。

12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

12、【答案】Bqualify

【解析】本题顺应前文意义:有一些人体型很好,有些人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说

有些专业足球运动员是肥胖的,"开始"不符;"处在"也不符合句意;"退休"内容无关;"被认

为"符合句意,正确。

13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

、【答案】Cnormal

【解析】本句不难理解:有些人脂肪过高,但是BMI却。所需词汇明显是正向的,排

除A、B;D属中性,且不符合句意,C(正常的)契合,为正确答案。

14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

、【答案】Dtendency

【解析】本题解题关键是后半句:tostigmatizeobesity(抵毁肥胖),作为划线部分

的后置定语,将四个选项"选择""理由""机会""倾向"代入划线处,最符合句意的是D(倾向)。

后面一句也进一步证实了(出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了马赛马的)。

15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

、【答案】bpictured

【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体,根据语境,上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖,所以本句

的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖,四个选项中,跟媒体相关系的词汇只有bpicture意思为刻

画,描写,描述。

16.[A][B]combined[C]ttled[D]associated

、【答案】Dassociated

【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥胖_____的原型包括懒惰,缺乏意志力,对成功的期

望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰,缺乏意志力和对成功的期望值不高都是与肥胖相关的表

现,分析四个选项,A.与。。。相比;B与。。。相结合;C.和。。。和解;都不符合题意,

只有D与。。。相联系,相关符合句意。

17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

、【答案】Aeven

【解析】空格所在句的意思是_____小孩子蔑视超重,而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的

一个问题。本空格缺少一个副词,根据语境记忆常识,此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇,

分析四个选项,只有Aeven即使符合题意。

18.[A]despid[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

、【答案】Dgrounded

【解析】根据语境,空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度,空后讲到对健康的关注,

激发一批反肥胖的____。本句没有出现任何转折词,说明空前后所表达的意思是一致的,

反对肥胖,是基于对健康的关注,分析四个选项,能够表达此意思的词汇,只有选项D

grounded,意思是基于。

19.[A]discussions[B]business[C]policies[D]studies

、【答案】Dpolicies

【解析】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一

个语义场的词汇,比如hospitalsystem;ban;manyemployersinstitute,指向的意思

是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题,浏览四个选项,D选项policies符合题意,直接入选。

20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

、【答案】Bagainst

【解析】本段的主题是反对肥胖,本句话属于细节的句子,用来支持这个主题,空格所

在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的_____儿童肥胖,甚至告诉奥兹博士,它

代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对,反抗的意思,纵观四个选

项,只有Bagainst符合题意。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,uranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,a

n84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouinFlori

opeshernew-f

oundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworthanread

HappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.

Thetwoacademicsuanarrayofbehavioralrearchtoshowthatthemost

iesofgreatwealth

isfactionwiththe

materialpurchaswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecome

sold-hat;rbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsD

umnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinem

urchasoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-pa

rticularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywin

nersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itemsmostpeoplewouldbe

betteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfrien

dsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericansp

endsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggifts

orgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforonelf,an

apparently

thereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketing

trickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobssion.

Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,

aynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesar

linkbetweenfeelinggoodand

spendingmoneyonotherscanbeenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundthewor

ld,ryone

willagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholiday

tpeoplewillco

meawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

ingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewarding

purcha?

[A]Abighou

[B]Aspecialtour

[C]Astylishcar

[D]Arichmeal

、【答案】BAspecialtour

【解析】细节题。答案定位在第二段的"itisfarbettertospendmoneyon

experiences…likeinterestingtrips…",意思是"花钱消费在经历方面更好……,比如

说有趣的旅行……",由此可以得知答案是B选项"一场特别的旅行"。

hor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

、【答案】Acritical

【解析】观点态度题。答案定位在第三段的"somethingtheaverageAmericanspends

awhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit",意思是"普通美

国人一年花两个月的时间看电视,并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快",因此可以得知作者对于

看电视的态度是A选项"批判的"。

ismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreaspleasure

、【答案】Draritygenerallyincreaspleasure

【解析】观点例证题。答案定位在第三段,文章中提到McRib这个例子,用这个例子

证明的论点是"luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly",大意

是"有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦",D选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。

ingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurcha

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

[D]maygiveitsreadersanofachievement

【答案】Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurcha

【解析】细节题。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"mostpeoplewillcomeawayfrom

thisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent",大意是"大多数人看完这本书后,认为

物有所值",因此可以推知B选项是正确答案。

xtmainlydiscusshowto

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

【答案】Abalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

【解析】主旨题。纵观全文可知,全文主要谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦之间的关系,因此

答案定位在A选项。

Text2

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalrearchsaysthat,

actually,youthinkyou’adeep-atedneed

tofeelgoodaboutourlvesandwenaturallyemployanumberoflf-enhancings

trategiestorearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperi

ority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourlvesasaboveaverageinl

eadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslysta

tisticalimpossibilities.

W

becomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboost

ourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyinginto

thathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeau

tycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthem

lves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandles

recognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalproces

soccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.

Ifthesubjectsquicklychoafallyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuine

oundnosignificantgenderdifferen

thereanyevidencethat,thowholf-enhancethemust

(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)

thowhothoughtthat

theimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwith

thowhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherlf-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefin

dingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sa

reflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemlves’.Ifyouaredepres

d,youwon’gtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakesns

ethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemlvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’t

evenrecognithepersoninthepictureasthemlves,Facebooktherefore,isal

f-enhancer’sparadi,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecre

amoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesare

dishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanid

ealizedversionofthemlves.

ingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.

[A]ourlf-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbalesffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]lf-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

、【答案】Aourlf-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

【解析】题目问"根据第一段,社会心理学家发现了什么?"对应于文章第一段第三句"

社会心理学家对所谓的‘高于均数效应’或者‘虚幻的优越感’进行大量的研究,发现我们

中70%的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上……—这些数据明显都是不可能的。"由此可

知,我们对自己评价过高。故答案为[A]ourlf-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh。

recognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______

[A]rapidwatching

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiverespon

[D]automaticlf-defence

【答案】Cintuitiverespon

【解析】题目问"视觉识别被认为是人们的什么?"对应于文章第三段第三句"视觉识别是

自动的心理过程,这个过程依靠直觉快速发生,且并不是故意的。"由此可知,视觉识别被

认为是人们的直觉反应。故答案为[C]intuitiverespon。

oundthatpeoplewithhigherlf-esteemtendedto______

[A]underestimatetheirincurities

[B]believeintheirattractiveness

[C]coveruptheirdepressions

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

【答案】Bbelieveintheirattractiveness

【解析】题目问"Epley发现有更高自尊的人倾向于怎样"。对应到第四段,第二句讲到

"没有证据显示那些自我提升最多的人这样做是为了掩饰自己的不安全,接着讲到:事实上,

那些认为自己的形象高于吸引力标准的人就是那些表现出更高自尊的人,故答案为[B]

believeintheirattractiveness。

d“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclostinmeaningto_____.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively

【答案】[A]instinctively

【解析】题目问"最接近viscerally的意思的是?"。对应到第五段,viscerally所在

句讲到"许多人讨厌照片中的自己,从某种层面上说,他们甚至不承认照片中的人是他们自

己。"而下文又讲到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂,在那里人们可以分享最满意的的照片。

"由此可知,viscerally在本句中是"本质上地"意思,故答案为[A]instinctively。

einferredthatFacebookislf-enhancer’sparadibecaupeoplec

an_____.

[A]prenttheirdishonestprofiles

[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

【答案】[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

【解析】题干问"我们可以推理出脸书(facebook)之所以是一个自我拔高者的天堂,是

因为人们可以做什么?"对应于文章最后一段的第二句,该句讲到"在脸书(facebook)中,人

们可以分享最满意的照片。"下文接着讲到"不是人们不诚实,而是人们展示了自己最理想的

形象。"故答案为[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides。

Text3

,betheyofsorrow,ang

er,onjoy,dde

roftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywasth

erveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanen

gingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,li

nksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththore

sponstotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.

v

olutionhasgivenritofew,ifany,purpolessphysiologicalrespont,itislogical

toassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.

Althoughsomeobrvershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistance

formothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishar

rieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelyth

antearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttea

rsthemlves.

Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleina

lleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotarearcherswhoarestudyingthechemical

compositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotional

emicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinrespontoemotion.

Tearsshedbecauofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.

Rearchersatveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheufulnessoftears

asameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.

AtTulaneUniversity’astlandhiscolleagues

reportthattheycanutearstodetectdrugabuandexposuretomedication(药

物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomforta

ble,tostudythecausof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andp

erhapventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.

arisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforclues

anbeobtainedpainlessly

withoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefi

nedanalys.

ownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

B)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy

C)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople

D)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed

es“boththoresponstotears”(Line6,Para,1)referto?

A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.

B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantnsationoftheobrvers.

C)Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobrver’fforttostopthecrying.

D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.

33.“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“________”.

A)havingnoeffectatall

B)leadingtotension

C)producingdisastrousimpact

D)harmfultohealth

estheauthorsayaboutcrying?

A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalrespontotheenvironment.

B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.

C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.

D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.

nbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?

A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.

B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaemotionaltears.

C)Emotionaltearscangiverito“dryeye”syndromeinsomecas.

D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.

Text4

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythe

focusisusuallyonroads,railways,gisldommenti

oned.

Whyisthat?

avenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoe

rdto

shoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitabl

hapsthemostsignificantreasonis

thattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,glistsincrea

allthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmentto

stoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomest

epstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

munities

minister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,

mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritie

ceshowsthat60,000extrane

whomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingG

DPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironmen

t,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofu

ndnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

hemeasureswouldbewelc

omeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogra

mmeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,ttoexpirein2015,isunlikelytob

ourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretain

alargepartofthecoalition’singct

orneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepu

toadjusttothischangingclimate.

horbelievesthatthehousingctor__

[A]hasattractedmuchattention

[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

【答案】[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

【解析】根据本题题干中的关键词housingctor可以对应到文章的第二段,中间

说的很多,我们注意到最后有but出现,最后应该是作者真正想要表达的观点,另外这里用

了themostsignificant最高级,所以最后这个是最重要的一个原因,politicallycharged

和选项B的politicalfactors有对应关系,故选Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors。

A项的吸引注意没有提及,C项的承担太多责任,原文说的shouldertheblame,D项

说的丧失价值,原文说的是不善于表明真正价值,两者不一致,故排除。

elearnedthataffordablehousinghas__

[A]increaditshomesupply

[B]offeredspendingopportunities

[C]sufferedgovernmentbias

[D]disappointedthegovernment

【答案】[C]sufferedgovernmentbias

【解析】经济适用房曾受到政府的偏见。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句话Itneedsto

puthistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgent

housingneed.政府需要把历史的偏见放在一边并且采取一些策略解决我们迫切的住房需

求。Suffered是过去式,是对于原文history的同义反复,bias是对原文prejudices

的同义反复。

ingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_______.

[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

[D]releaaliftedGDPgrowthforecast

【答案】[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

【解析】根据人名GeorgeOsborne定位得知,此人将会让当地政府用来偿还建房借贷

的限额变得更加宽松,并且在借贷限额放宽的情况下,将会另有60,000所房屋在未来的五

年中建立,并由此拉动国内生产总值的百分之零点六。因此A(允许更大的政府的建房借贷)

是正确的,而B(禁止当地政府建房),C(准备减少建房借贷),D(发布国内生产总值增长的

预报)都与原文意思不符。

einferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.

[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

[B]lesntheimpactofgovernmentinterference

[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments

[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities

【答案】[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments

【解析】推断题。根据文章题干定位到第五段,题干考察的是对稳定的租赁环境的理解。

A项的意思是"减少注册供应者的成本",其中"成本一词"并未在文中出现,属于无中生有。

B项的意思是"减少政府接介入的影响",其中"政府介入"并未在文中出现,属于无中生有。

B项的意思是"有助于为新发展提供资金支持",其中"为新发展提供资金支持"对应文中的

"fundnewdevelopments";C选项中的"contributeto"(意思是有助于)对英文中的havea

significantimpact(意思是有重要影响),符合正解的同义复现原则,所以是正确选项。

horbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay______.

[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingctor

【答案】[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingctor

【解析】推断题。根据题干定位到最后一段第三行。考察的是2015年以后政府的可能

性动作。A项的意思是"推行更多的政策来支持住房"与原文意义相反。B项的意思是重新审

视大规模公共拨款的需求,与原文倒数第二段意义相违背。C项的意思是更新可负担的住房

拨款项目并没有提到renew一词。D项的意思是停止对住房部门的大额资助,与原文的倒

数第二句相匹配,故为正确选项。

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:

ourtranslationon

ANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismandlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperp

t’xactlythekindoffaldeerfulnessthatpositivepsycholo

gistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”say

sTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsar

ethewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthowhobelieveeveryt

hinghappensforthebest.

feelsdown-sag,aftergiving

ndshimlfthat

moteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesffectivethanothers.N

extisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureab

outwhatworksandwhatdoesn’y,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesackno

wledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.

【参考译文】

大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐,就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种

绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的TalBen-Shahar教授说,“健康的

乐观主义,意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来,现实的乐观主义者,会尽最大

努力做好一件事,而不是相信每件事都会有最好的结果。

Ben-Shahar会进行三种乐观方面的练习。比如说,当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲,感到

心情郁闷的时候,他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己:并不是每一次演讲都可以获

得诺贝尔获,总会有一些演讲比其它演讲效果差。接着是重塑,他分析了这个效果不好的演

讲,并且从那些起作用和不起作用的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后,需要有这样一种

观点,那就是承认,在广阔的生命当中,一次演讲根本算不上什么。

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions:Suppoyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartment

withJohn,imtoemailto

1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and

2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.

DearJohn,

IamLiMingwhowillgotostudyinyouruniversityandlivetogetherwithyou

writingthislettertotellyousomeofmyhabitsand

askyouforsomesuggestionstoadaptmylfthere.

Tobeginwith,Iusuallygetupearlyinthemorningatsixo’clockandthen

inue,Iwouldliketospendmysparetimeinreading

ile,Iwonderifyoucouldbesokindtooffermesomeproposals

onhowtogetudtothelifethere.

Iamlookingforwardtoeingyousoonandwisheverythinggoeswell.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.

Donotuyourownname.

PartB

ions:WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Youshould

retthechart,and

urcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Whatisclearlyprentedintheabovechartisthedifferentnumbersofurban

residentsandruralpopulationamong1990,berofurban

residentsclimbedsteadilyfrom300millionin1990to660millionorsoin2010,

whileruralpopulationdecreadslightlyfromabout820millionto680millionor

sointhesameperiod.

Itisnotdifficulttocomeupwithsomepossiblefactorsaccountingforthis

nehand,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomyandsociety,people

inmountingnumberscrowdintocitiesinarchofemployment,adecentlivingand

therhand,theeconomyintherural

districtsiscomparativelessdevelopedandthustheopportunitytomakemoneyand

ult,anincreasingnumberoffolksare

tryingtoescapethisdestinybyflockingintotheurbanareas.

Giventheanalysabove,Ifirmlybelievethatsuchestablishedtrendwill

surelycontinueforquiteawhileintheforthcomingyearsanddueimportanceshould

beattachedtothividentsituation.

XX学校支部“示范岗”考核评分表

被评党员姓名:评议时间:年

月日

满分:100分被评得分:

评分标准

10

认真参加政治学习和组织生活

2

努力完成党组织布置的学习任务3

热爱祖国、热爱建设事业,履行党员义务3

发挥党员作用2

25

自觉遵守国家的法律法规3

遵守单位制定的各项规章制度2

遵守“十不准”3

遵守社会公德2

言谈举止文明、礼貌2

衣着打扮端庄整洁2

工作场所清洁、整齐2

主动搞好责任区工作2

不搞以权谋私3

严禁参与“黄、赌、毒、邪教”活动3

按时交纳党费2

完15顾全大局,工作服从分配5

出色完成上级组织和领导布置的各项任务5

值班工作认真负责2

维护集体形象,为集体争取荣誉3

15

刻苦钻研业务3

遵守科学规律,不断优化服务方法3

认真调查研究,努力提高工作质量3

年度考核称职以上6

15

公正平等对待每个群众5

不谩骂、侮辱群众,尊重人格,自觉维护建设

行政主管部门的形象

5

严禁门难进、话难听、脸难看、事难办5

10

积极参加建设调研活动5

认真撰写调研论文5

每年有一篇教育教学方面的论文5

10

与群众打成一片,间团结协作互相尊重、

互相关心、互相学习

3

工作主动、积极、不推诿,不拖拉4

关心集体,处处维护集体荣誉3

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