2023年1月2日发(作者：皮肤保养步骤)英语四级考试网 -- 新东方四级词汇笔记（非常完整版）第5课
新东方四级词汇笔记（非常完整版）第5课
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第5课
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气的规则用法：
1主、从句都表示与过去事实相反：
从句的谓语动词用：had + 动词过去分词；
主句的谓语动词用：情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。
注意：能用于虚拟语气的情态动词只有四个：should, could, would, might.
使用哪一个情态动词要由句子含义决定，考试中出现最多的是could, would.
2 主、从句都表示与现在事实相反：
从句的谓语动词用：动词过去式（如果是be则只能用were）
主句的谓语动词用：情态动词 + 动词原形。
3 主、从句都表示与将来事实相反：
从句的谓语动词用：were to + 动词原形（重点）、should + 动词原形、动词过去式；
主句的谓语动词用：情态动词 + 动词原形。
二、虚拟语气的特殊应用：
1 would rather + 句子，这时句子谓语动词用一般过去时来体现虚拟语气。
2 if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + 句子，这时句子一定要用虚拟语气。
有两种形式可以体现虚拟语气：
a. 如果该句子如果表示与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
b. 如果该句子如果表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
70. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _B_
your advice.
A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed
47. If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them
into effect as soon as possible
A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve
注意：当if
only后的句子表示与现在或将来事实相反，该用动词过去式来表示虚拟语气，而选项中又没有时，可以采用这种形式：would + 动词原形。
3 当以下动词后加句子时，句子应用
philosophy in history.
A alike B equivalent C likely D uniform
be alike to sb. 对于某人来说均是一样的。 be equivalent to 相当于。
All tastes are alike to him. 所有味道对他来说都一样。
27. The new appointment of our president _A_ from the very
beginning of next mester.
A takes effect B takes part C takes place D takes turns
mester n. 学期； president n. 大学校长； take effect 生效，发生效力；
take part in 参与，参加； take place=happen 发生； takes turn to do
sth. 轮流做某事。
28. The president made a _A_ speech at the opening ceremony
of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.
A vigorous B tedious C flat D harsh
ceremony n. 典礼，仪式；表达在某个典礼上介词用at。 vigorous adj. 强劲有力的，强有力的。
harsh adj. 刺耳的，令人不愉快的； flat adj. 平淡无奇的； tedious adj. 冗长无聊的。
29. It is uful to be able to predict the extent _C_ which
a price change will affect supply and demand. [extent to]
A from B with C to D for
30. Finding a job in such a big company has always been _D_
his wildest dreams.
A under B over C above D beyond
beyond one’s wildest dreams 做梦也想不到。
31. It is not easy to learn English well, but if you _C_,
you will succeed in the end.
A hang up B hang about C hang on D hang onto
hang on 坚持，继续下去。
32. It is reported that _C_ adopted children want to know
who their natural parents are.
A the most B most of C most D the most of
most单独出现的时候有两种词性要考虑：1 adv. 非常；2 adj. 大多数的。
the most后面加多音节的形容词或副词构成该句的最高级。
most of + 名词，表示这些名词中的大多数。 make the most of 充分利用。
34. _D_ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should
have a wonderful dinner party. [Were they to arrive=If they were to
arrive]
A Had they arrived B Would they arrive C Were they arriving
D Were they to arrive
35. The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal
villages: veral fishing boats were _A_ and many hous collapd.
A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured
collap vi. 倒塌，坍塌； wreck vt. （船只）遭到破
