2018年12月六级答案

一．作文

Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonhowtobalance

academicstudyandextracurricularactivities。Youshouldwriteatleast150words

butnomorethan200words。

第一段：学术学习和课外活动同等重要

第二段：分析重要性的原因。

第三段：得出结论。

Itisgenerallyagreedthatacademicstudyhasbeenplayingacrucialrolein

students’life。Nevertheless，weshouldnotneglecttheequalimportanceof

extracurricularactivitieswhichcanhelpustobuildconfidenceandenhanceoverall

abilities。

Anumberoffactorsmightaccountforparticipatinginbothacademicstudyand

extracurricularactivities。Withrespecttoacademicstudy，oneofthemost

commonfactorsistofacilitateouracademiccompetence。There’snodoubtthat

studyistheprioritytostudents，andtheacademicperformance，toalarge

extent，determineswhetherwecanenteraprestigiousschoolandgetadecent

job。Asforextracurricularactivities，itisworthmentioningthatitcansupplement

whatwecannotlearnfromschools，suchastheabilityofcriticalthinking，

problem-solvingandaddressinginterpersonalrelationship。

Inviewofhowtobalanceacademicstudyandextracurricularactivities，

effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenintoconsideration。Inmyperspective，the

mostufultechniqueistopromoteourefficiency。Onlyifcanwemanageour

timewell，wecanhavemoretimetodotheboththings。Tobemorespecific，

ato-dolistishighlyrecommendedsothatwecandrawaclearpictureofwhatwe

aregoingtodoanddistributetimetoacademicstudyandextracurricularactivities

inamoreeffectiveandbalancedway。Withtheeffortsconcerned，theimbalance

willnolongerbeaproblem。

二．听力

ABCDDABCACBCDABADCDABDACB

1。A)Itcanbenefitprofessionalsandnon-professionalsalike。

2。B)Storiesaboutsomefemalephysicists。

3。C)Byincludinglotsoffascinatingknowledge。

4。D)Itprovidexperimentstheycandothemlves。

5。D)Hehasnotideahowtoproceedwithhisdisrtation。

6。A)Itistoobroad。

7。B)Nature。

8。C)Listtheparametersfirst。

9。A)TheunprecedentedhightemperatureinGreenland。

10。C)Ittypiacllyappearsaboutonceeverytenyears。

11。B)IcelesssummersintheArctic。

12。C)Astrongdetermination。

13。D)Itismostimportanttohaveconfidenceinone`swillpower。

14。A)Theycouldkeeponworkinglonger。

15。B)Theyaresubjecttochange。

16。A)Abouthalfofcurrentjobsmightbeautomated。

17。D)Theycouldgradehigh-schoolessaysjustlikehumanteachers。

18。C)Ithastorelyonhugeamountsofpreviousdata。

19。D)Thetheoreticalaspectsofsustainableenergy。

20。A)Drivetrainswithsolarenergy。

21。B)Findanewmaterialforstoringenergy。

22。D)Thepoorrelationbetweennationalhealthandsocialcarervices。

23。A)Itwasmainlyprovidedbyvoluntaryrvices。

24。C)Theirpreferenceforprivatervices。

25。B)Theyhavelongbeendiscriminatedagainst。

conversation1

HeyIjustreadagreatbookaboutphysics。Ithinkyou‘dlikeit。It’scalledthe

physicsoftheworld。It‘swrittenbyascientistnamedSylviaMendez。

OhIreadthatbook。Itwasgreat。Thewriterisawarmandcompetentguide

tothemysteriesofphysics。Ithinkitprominrichmentforanyreaderfrom

thowhoknowlittleaboutsciencetothecareerphysicist。

Andit‘srefreshingtoeastrongcuriouscleverwomanaddinghervoiceto

thescientificdiscourandafieldthathasbeentraditionallydominatedbymen。

Ithinkshehastobecommendedformakinganefforttoincludeanecdotesabout

littleknownfemalescientists。Youknowtheywereoftenvictimsofageneration

firmlyconvincedthatthewoman’splacewasinthehome。

Ilikehowthebookisclearlywrittenwitheachchapterbroughttolifebypieces

offascinatingknowledge。Forexampleinonechaptersheexposamyththat

I‘veheardtaughtbyuniversityphysicsprofessors。I’veoftenheardthatmedieval

glasswindowsarethickeratthebottombecauglassflowslikeafluid。This，

sheshows，isnottrue。Thedistortionisactuallythankstoapeculiarityofthe

glassmakersprocess。

YeahIlikehowshecultivatesscientificengagementbyprovidingahostofDo

ItYourlfexperimentsthatbringthesamefoundationalprinciplesofclassical

physicsthatgoverneverythingfromthesolarsystemtoyourkitchentable。From

usingcomplexlawsofphysicstotestwhetheraspinningeggiscookedto

measuringatmosphericpressurebyliftingapieceofcardboard。Herhands-on

examplesmakeherbookatrulyinteractiveread。

YesImustsaythisaequation-freebookisanidealreadforscientistsofall

stripes，anyoneteachingscienceandevenpeoplewhodislikephysics。

Question1：whatdoesthewomansayaboutthebooktheman

recommended?

A)Itcanbenefitprofessionalsandnon-professionalsalike。

Question2：whatcanwefindinthebookthemanrecommended?

B)Storiesaboutsomefemalephysicists。

Question3：Howdoestheauthorbringherbooktolife?

C)Byincludinglotsoffascinatingknowledge。

Question4：Howdoesthebookcultivatereadersinterestinphysics。

D)Itprovidexperimentstheycandothemlves。

conversation2

A：Hiprofessor。IwashopingIcouldhaveamomentofyourtimeifyou‘renot

toobusy。I’mhavingsomeproblemsgettingstartedonmydisrtationandIwas

hopingyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtobegin。

B：Sure。ouremindmewhatyour

topicis?

A：thegeneraltopicIchoisaesthetics，butthat‘sasfarasI’vegotIdon‘t

reallyknowwheretogofromthere。

B：Yeah，that‘smuchtoolargeatopic。Youreallyneedtonarrowitdownin

ordertomakeitmoreaccessible。Otherwiyou’llbewritingabook。

A：Exactly。That‘swhatIwantedtoaskyouabout。Iwashopingitwouldbe

possibleformetochangetopics。I’mreallymoreinterestedinnaturethanbeauty。

B：I‘mafraidyouhavetoadheretotheassignedtopic。Still，Ifyou’re

interestedinnature，thenthatcertainlycanbeworkedintoyourdisrtation。

We‘vetalkedaboutHumebeforeinclassright。

A：Ohyeah，he‘sthephilosopherwhowroteaboutwhereourideasofbeauty

comefrom。

B：Exactly。Isuggestyougotothelibraryandgetacopyofhisbiography。

Startfromthere。Butremembertosticktotheparametersoftheassignment。This

paperisalargepartofyourcumulativegrade。Somakesuretofollowthe

instructions。Ifyoutakealookathisbiography。Youcangetagoodideaofhow

hislifeexperiencesmanifestthemlvesinhistheoriesofbeauty。specificallythe

wayhelookedtowardsnatureastheoriginofwhatwefindbeautiful。

A：Great。Thanksfortakingthetimetoanswermyquestions，Professor。

I‘llletyougetbacktoclassnow。

B：Ifthere‘sanythingelyouneed，pleacomeemeinmyofficeany

time。

Question5：Whatistheman‘sproblem?

D)Hehasnotideahowtoproceedwithhisdisrtation。

Question6Whatdoestheprofessorthinkoftheman‘stopic?

A)Itistoobroad。

Question7What’sthemanreallymoreinterestedin?

B)Nature。

Question8whatdoestheprofessorsaythemanhastodo?

C)Listtheparametersfirst。

passage1

DuringthearcticwinterfromOctobertoMarch，theaveragetemperaturein

thefrozennorthtypicallyhoversaroundminus20degreesCelsius。Butthisyear

theArcticixperiencingmuchhighertemperatures。OnFebruarythe20ththe

temperatureinGreenlandclimbedabovefreezingorzerodegreesCelsiusandit

stayedthereforover24hours。ThenonFebruarythe24ththetemperatureon

Greenland‘snortherntipreachedsixdegreesCelsius。Climatescientistsdescribe

thephenomenonasstunning。Weatherconditionsthatdrivethisbizarre

temperaturesurgehavevisitedtheArcticbefore。Theytypicallyappearabout

onceinadecade。However，thelastsuchincreaintemperaturetookplacetwo

yearsago。Thisistroublingasclimbingarctictemperaturescombinedwithrapid

aicelossarecreatinganewtypeofclimatefeedbackloopwhichcould

accelerateArcticwarming。Indeed，aicecoverintheArcticismeltingfaster

thanexpected。Withoutthomassofcoolingaice，warmairbroughttothe

Arcticcanpenetratefurtherinlandthaniteverdidbefore。Theaircanstaywarmer

longertoo。Thisdrivesadditionalmelting。Overallearthiswarmingatarapid

pace。2014through2017rankasthehottestyearsonrecordandtheArcticis

warmingtwiceasfastasanyplaceelonearth。Thisraisuniquechallenges

forArcticwildlifeandindigenouspeoplewhodependonArcticecosystemsto

survive。PreviouslyclimateforecastspredictedthatArcticsummericewould

disappearentirelybyaround2060，butbadonwhatscientistsareeingnow

theArcticmaybefacingsummerswithouticewithin20years。

Question9。Whatdidclimatescientistsdescribeasstunning?

A)TheunprecedentedhightemperatureinGreenland。

Question10。Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthattemperaturesurgeinthe

Arctic?

C)Ittypiacllyappearsaboutonceeverytenyears。

Question11。whatmayoccurin20yearsaccordingtoscientists’recent

obrvations?

B)IcelesssummersintheArctic。

Passage2

Agooddoofwillpowerisoftennecessarytoeanytaskthroughwhether

it‘sstickingtoaspendingplanorfinishingagreatnovel。Andifyouwantto

increathatwillpower。Anewstudysuggestsyoujustsimplyhavetobelieveyou

haveit。Accordingtothisstudy，whatmattersmostiswhatwethinkaboutour

willpower。Ifwebelieveit’safiniteresource，weactthatway，wefeelexhausted

andneedbreaksbetweendemandingmentaltasks。However，peoplewhoview

theirwillpowerasalimitlessresourcegetenergizedinstead。Therearchers

udapsychologicalasssmenttooltotestthevalidityofthestudy。Theyasked

1100Americansand1600Europeanstogradedifferentstatementssuchasaftera

challengingmentalactivity，myenergyisdepletedandImustresttogetitrefueled

againorIcanfocusonamentaltaskforlongperiodswithoutfeelingtired。

Althoughtherewaslittledifferencebetweenmenandwomenoverall。

Americansweremorelikelytoadmittoneedingbreaksaftercompletingmentally

challengingtasksEuropeanparticipantsontheotherhandclaimedtheywereable

tokeepgoing。Badonthefindings，therearcherssuggestthatthekeyto

boostingyourwillpoweristobelievethatyouhaveanabundantsupplyofit。Your

feelingsaboutyourwillpoweraffectthewayyoubehave。Butthefeelingsare

changeable，theysaid。Changingyourbeliefsaboutthenatureofyour

lf-controlcanhavepositiveeffectsoncharacterdevelopment。Thisleadsto

healthierbehaviorsandperceptionsofotherpeople。

Question12Whatisoftennecessaryforcarryingthroughatask?

C)Astrongdetermination。

Question13Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?

D)Itismostimportanttohaveconfidenceinone`swillpower。

Question14WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanparticipantsascomparedwith

theirAmericancounterparts?

A)Theycouldkeeponworkinglonger。

Question15Whatdotherearchsayconcerningpeople‘sfeelingsabout

willpower?

B)Theyaresubjecttochange。

lecture1

HereismybabynieceSarah。Hermumisadoctorandherdadisalawyer。

BythetimeSarahgoestocollegethejobsherparentsdoaregoingtolook

dramaticallydifferent。In2013，rearchersatOxfordUniversitydidastudyonthe

futureofwork。Theyconcludedthatalmostoneineverytwojobshasahighrisk

ofbeingautomatedbymachines。Machinelearningisthetechnologythat‘s

responsibleformostofthisdisruption。It’sthemostpowerfulbranchofartificial

intelligence。Itallowsmachinestolearnfromdataandcopysomeofthethings

thathumanscando。Mycompany，Kaggle，operatesonthecuttingedgeof

machinelearning。Webringtogetherhundredsofthousandsofexpertstosolve

importantproblemsforindustryandacademia。Thisgivesusanunique

perspectiveonwhatmachinescando，whattheycan‘tdoandwhatjobsthey

mightautomateorthreaten。Machinelearningstartedmakingitswayintoindustry

intheearly90s。Itstartedwithrelativelysimpletasks。Itstartedwiththingslike

asssingcreditriskfromloanapplications，sortingthemailbyreading

handwrittenzipcodes。Overthepastfewyears，wehavemadedramatic

breakthroughs。Machinelearningisnowcapableoffar，farmorecomplextasks。

In2012，Kagglechallengeditscommunitytobuildaprogramthatcouldgrade

highschoolessays。Thewinningprogramswereabletomatchthegradesgiven

byhumanteachers。Nowgiventherightdata，machinesaregoingtooutperform

humansattaskslikethis。Ateachermightread10000essaysovera40-year

career。Amachinecanreadmillionsofessayswithinminutes。Wehaveno

chanceofcompetingagainstmachinesonfrequenthigh-volumetasks，butthere

arethingswecandothatmachinescannot。Wheremachineshavemadevery

littleprogressisintacklingnovelsituations。Machinescan’thandlethingsthey

haven‘tenmanytimesbefore。Thefundamentallimitationofmachinelearning

isthatitneedstolearnfromlargevolumesofpastdata。Buthumansdon’t。We

havetheabilitytoconnecteminglydifferentthreadstosolveproblemswe‘ve

neverenbefore。

Question16whatdidtherearchersatOxfordUniversityconclude?

A)Abouthalfofcurrentjobsmightbeautomated。

Question17。WhatdowelearnaboutKagglecompanieswinningprograms?

D)Theycouldgradehigh-schoolessaysjustlikehumanteachers。

Question18。Whatisthefundamentallimitationonmachinelearning?

C)Ithastorelyonhugeamountsofpreviousdata。

lecture2

we‘vetalkedrecentlyabouttheimportanceofsustainableenergy。We’vealso

talkedaboutthedifferenttheoriesonhowthatcanbedone。Sofar，our

discussionshaveallbeentheoretical。NowIhaveapracticalquestionforyouall。

Canyouruna140，000kilogramtrainonjustthesteamgeneratedbysolarpower?

Well，oneengineer，TimCaslman，believesit‘spossible。Andhishomecity

ofSacramento，Californiashouldethetechnology’sfirsttestaspartofthe

upgradingofitsrailyard。Caslman，whoisaninventorandlf-proclaimed

steamvisionary，iscampaigningforanewsteamtrainthatrunswithoutanyfire

andcouldrunonanexisting10kilometerlinedrawingtouristsandperhapsoffering

citycommutersagreenalternativetotheircars。Caslmanwantstobuildan

arrayofsolarmagnifyingmirrorsatoneendofthelinetocollectandfocusheat

ontowaterfilledtubes。Thiswouldgeneratesteamthatcouldbeudtofilltanks

onasmallsteamtrainwithouttheuoffire。Supplyingpowertotrainsinthisway

wouldoffertheshortestdistancefromwelltowheelshesayswiththeleastamount

ofenergylost。AccordingtoHarryValentijn，aCanadianengineerwhois

rearchingmodernsteamtechnology，aspecialtankmeasuring2by10metres

couldstoreover750kilowatthoursofenergyashighpressuresteamenoughto

pullatwocartrainforanhourorso。Energytodriveasteamlocomotivecanbe

storedinothermaterialsbesideswaterforexampleateamatTohokuUniversityin

Japanhasstudiedmaterialsthatcanstorelargeamountsofheatwhenheated。

Thematerialsturnfromasolidintoaliquidabsorbingenergyastheychange

pha。Theliquidismaintainedaboveitsmeltingpointuntilsteamisrequiredat

whichpointtheliquidisallowedtoturnbackintoasolidreleasingitsstoredenergy

anotherteamatNagoyaUniversityinJapanhastestedcalciumcompoundasan

energystoragematerial。Heatingthischemicalcompounddrivesoffcarbon

dioxidegasleavingcalciumoxidethegascanbestoredunderpressureandattain

torecovertheenergythegasisfedbackoverthecalciumoxide。Intheorysays

Valentijnthiscancreateahighenoughtemperaturetogeneratesuperheated

steam。

Question19：Whathasthespeakerpreviouslytalkedabout?

D)Thetheoreticalaspectsofsustainableenergy。

Question20：WhatisTimCaslmantryingtodoinSacramento?

A)Drivetrainswithsolarenergy。

Question21：whathasaJapanerearchteamtriedtodo?

B)Findanewmaterialforstoringenergy。

Lecture3

Today‘scrisisincareforolderpeopleinEnglandhastwomaincaus。

First，peoplearelivinglongerwithalotmorecomplexneeds。Second，they

relyonasystemthathaslongbeenmarkedbyapoorrelationbetweennational

healthandsocial-carervices。

Currentrvicesoriginateintwokeymeasures。TheyaretheNationalHealth

Serviceandthe1948NationalAssistanceAct。Thisrequiredlocalgovernmentto

provideresidentialaccommodationforolderpeopleandsupervicarehomesrun

byindependentorganizations。

Theyalsoprovidedhomeandcommunityrvicesincludingmeals，day

centersandhomehelpersandothersubsidizedrvices。TheNationalHealth

Servicewasfreeandwhollypubliclyprovided。Itdeliveredthebesthealth-carefor

all。Nosuchvisionguidedresidentialandcommunitycarethough。Thecarewas

substantiallyprovidedbyvoluntaryrviceswhichworkedtogetherwithlocal

authoritiesastheylonghadwitheligibilitybadonincome。Today，life

expectancyhasrinfrom66foramaleatbirthin1948toaround80now。In

addition，thereisbetteroverallhealthandimprovedmedicalknowledgeandcare。

Thismeansanunprecedentednumberofpeoplearesurvivinglongerinconditions

requiringexpertsupport。Familiesprovideatleastasmuchcareastheyeverdid。

Evenso，theycanrarelywithoutsubsididsupportaddressriouspersonal

needs。Careforolderpeoplefacedpersistentcriticismasthetrendsbecame

apparent。Fromtheearly1960s，localauthoritieswererequiredtoplanhealth

andwelfarervices。Theaimwastoenableolderpeopletoremainintheirown

homesforaslongaspossible，butthisincreadconcernaboutthelackof

coordinationbetweenfreehealthandpaid-forsocialcare。Throughthe1970s，a

numberofmeasuressoughttoimprovematter。Howeveratatimeoffinancial

crisis，fundingdiminishedandlittlechanged。Inthe1980s，thegovernmentcut

spending。Meanwhile，preferenceforprivateoverpublicrvicesmade

managementevenmoredifficult。Simultaneously，thenumberofsickolder

peoplegrew。Governmentmphasizedtheneedtoimprovervices。Theydid

sothoughwhiledoinglittletostoptheerosionofavailableaid。Serviceswere

irregularacrossauthorities。Unlessyouwerepreparedtopay，theywere

increasinglydifficulttoobtainforanybutthemostverelydisabled。Whyhas60

yearsofcriticismproducedsolittlechange。Discriminationagainstolderpeople

hasalonghistory。Additionally，thoaffectedbyinadequatehealthandsocial

carearetoovulnerabletolaunchtheproteststhathaveaddresdotherformsof

discrimination。

Question22whatisonecauofthecurrentcrisisincarefortheelderlyin

England?

D)Thepoorrelationbetweennationalhealthandsocialcarervices。

Question23。Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutresidentialandcommunity

care?

A)Itwasmainlyprovidedbyvoluntaryrvices。

Question24。Whatmademanagementofcarefortheelderlymoredifficultin

the1980s?

C)Theirpreferenceforprivatervices。

Question25。WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutolderpeopleinEngland?

B)Theyhavelongbeendiscriminatedagainst。

三．完型填空

四．长篇阅读

Doparentsinvadechildren’sprivacywhentheypostphotosonline?

HMNEBAJLGD

ergarguedparentalsharingonlinecanbebebeneficial

ingtoanexpert,whenchildrenreachschoolage,theycanhelptheir

parentslearnwhatcanandcannotbedone

herrefrainedfrompostingherson’sphotosonlinewhensheconsidered

thematterfromhersonsperspective.

ingtoastudy,morechildrenthanparentsthinkthereshouldberuleson

parentsshanng

Burbidgehadneverrealizedshehadtoaskherson’sapprovaltoputhis

photosonline

rdecidednottopostherson’sphotoonlinewhenheaskedhernotto

pediatriciantriestohelpotherparentsbysharingherownparenting

experience

repeoplewhodecidesimplynottosharetheirchildren’sphotosonline.

sandphysiciansshouldrealizesharinginformationonlineaboutchildren

mayinvolverisks.

swhosharetheirparentingexperiencesmayfindthemlvesintrudinginto

thechildren’sprivacy.

五．仔细阅读

第一篇：机器人在农业中的应用及其影响

yfarmersbeabletodowithrobotsappearingonthe

farmingscene?答案：B-Enjoymorele丨surehours

ll'farmbots'beexpectedtodo?

答案：A-Takeupmanyofthefarmers'routines.

nrobotsdowhenequippedwithhigh-technsorsand

complexlearning

algorithms?

答案：B-Helpfarmerssimplifytheirfarmingtasksandmanagement.

49..Whyarefarmerspressingforroboticfarming?

答案：D-Laborshortageisworning.

estheauthorthinkfuturefarmswillbelike?

答案：A-Moreandmoreautomated.

第二篇：科学家和民众之间的沟通以及对于科普的影响

estheexampleofclimatechangervetoshow?

答案：D-Commonfolks'scientificknowledgecanswaypolicymaking.

ouldnon-scientistsdotoensuretheirqualityoflife?

答案：B-Acquireabasicunderstandingofmedicalscience.

timportantforscientiststobuildagoodrelationshipwith

themedia?答案：A-Ithelpsthemtoeffectivelypopularizenewscientific

information.

estheauthorsayistheproblemwithsciencejournalism?

答案：C一Itmaygiveinaccurateordistortedinformationtothe

public.

ouldscientistsdotoimparttheirlatestfindingstothe

publicmoreeffectively?

答案：D-Improvetheircommunicationskilfs.

六．翻译

近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明

显增长。在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前，排长队已很常见。这些博物馆必须采取措

施限制参观人数。如今，展览形式越来越多样。一些大型博物馆利用多媒体和虚拟

现实等先进技术，使展览更具吸引力。不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可在网上

观赏珍稀展品。然而，现场观看展品的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。

Inrecentyears，moreandmoremuumsinChinahavebeenopenedtothe

publicforfree。Thenumberofmuumexhibitionsandvisitorshaveincread

significantly。Queuingupinfrontofsomepopularmuumsisverycommon，and

themuumsmusttakemeasurestorestrictthenumberofvisitors。Today，the

formofexhibitionsisbecomingmorediver。Somelargemuumsu

advancedtechnologiessuchasmultimediaandvirtualrealitytomakeexhibitions

moreattractive。Manymuumsalsoholdonlineexhibitionswherepeoplecan

viewrareexhibitsontheinternet。However，theexperienceofviewingexhibits

onsiteisstillmoreattractivetomostvisitors。