2013大学英语四级

高考

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybadon

uldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheimpactof

theInternetonlearningandthenexplainwhyeducationdoesn’tsimplymean

uldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomore

than180words.

“OnceIlearnhowtouGoogle,isn’tthatalltheeducationIreallyneed?”

PartIIListeningprehension（30minutes）

SectionA

高考

Directions:Inthisction,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

ndofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbe

econversationandthequestionswillbespoken

thepau,youmust

readthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebest

rkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline

throughthecentre.

1.A）Gotoaplacehehasvisited.

B）Makeherownarrangements.

C）Consultatravelagent.

D）Joininapackagetour.

2.A）Theyareonalongtripbycar.C）Theyareudtogettingupearly.

B）Theyarestuckinatrafficjam.D）Theyaretiredofeatingoutatnight.

3.A）Heisapersondifficulttodealwith.C）Heisunwillingtospeakinpublic.

B）Hedislikesanyformalgathering.D）Heoftenkeepsadistancefromothers.

4.A）Workinanotherdepartment.C）Recruitgraduatestudents.

B）Pursuefurthereducation.D）Takeanadministrativejob.

5.A）Hewouldnotbeavailabletostartthejobintime.

B）Heisnotquitequalifiedfortheartdirectorposition.

C）Hewouldliketoleavesomemoretimeforhimlf.

D）HewillgethisapplicationletterreadybeforeMay1.

6.A）Cleaner.C）Porter.

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B）Mechanic.D）Salesman.

7.A）Requestoneortworoommatestodothecleaning.

B）HelpLaurawithhertermpaperduethisweekend.

C）GetLauratocleantheapartmentherlfthistime.

D）AskLauratoputoffthecleaninguntilanotherweek.

8.A）Aproblemcaudbytheconstruction.

B）Anaccidentthatoccurredonthebridge.

C）Thebuildingprojecttheyareworkingon.

D）Thepublictransportationconditions.

Questions9to11arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A）Tolookforajobasasalesperson.C）Toplaceanorderforsomeproducts.

B）TohaveatalkwithMissThompson.D）Toplainaboutafaultyappliance.

10.A）Thepersoninchargeisnotintheoffice.

B）Thesuppliesareoutofstockforthemoment.

C）Theyfailedtoreachanagreementontheprice.

D）Thepanyisre-cataloguingtheitems.

11.A）0743,12536extension15.C）0734,38750extension15.

B）0734,21653extension51.D）0743,62135extension51.

Questions12to15arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A）Sincehefoundagirlfriend.C）Sincehebegantoexerciregularly.

高考

B）Sincehetooktoheavysmoking.D）Sincehestartedtoliveonhisown.

13.A）Heisgettingtoofat.C）Hedoesn’teatvegetables.

B）Hesmokestoomuch.D）Hedoesn’tlookwellatall.

14.A）Theyareoverweightfortheirage.C）Theyarestillintheirearlytwenties.

B）Theyarerespectfultotheirparents.D）Theydislikedoingphysicalexerci.

15.A）Toquitsmoking.C）Tofindagirlfriend.

B）Toreducehisweight.D）Tofollowheradvice.

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,ndofeach

passage,epassageandthequestionswillbe

ouhearaquestion,youmustchoothebestanswer

fromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Thenmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions16to19arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A）Theyhavedestroyedveralsmalltowns.C）Theyhaveinjuredmany

residents.

B）TheywillsoonspreadtoSanFrancisco.D）Theyareburningoutofcontrol.

17.A）Theyhavebeenhospitalized.

B）Theyhavegotskinproblems.

高考

C）Theywerechokedbythethicksmoke.

D）Theywerepoisonedbytheburningchemicals.

18.A）Itfailedbecauofasuddenrocketexplosion.

B）Ithasbeenre-scheduledforamiddaytakeoff.

C）Ithasbeencanceledduetotechnicalproblems.

D）Itwasdelayedforelevenhoursandthirtyminutes.

19.A）Theymadefrequentlong-distancecallstoeachother.

B）TheyillegallyudgovernmentputersinNewJery.

C）Theywerefoundtobesmarterthanputerspecialists.

D）Theywerearrestedforstealinggovernmentinformation.

PassageTwo

Questions20to22arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

20.A）Peaceful.C）Generous.

B）Considerate.D）Cooperative.

21.A）Someonedumpedtheclothesleftinthewasheranddryer.

B）Someonebrokethewasheranddryerbyoverloadingthem.

C）MindyLance’slaundryblockedthewaytothelaundryroom.

D）MindyLancethreatenedtotakerevengeonherneighbors.

22.A）Askingtheneighborhoodmitteeforhelp.

B）Limitingtheamountoflaundryforeachwash.

C）Informingthebuildingmanagerofthematter.

高考

D）Installingafewmorewashersanddryers.

PassageThree

Questions23to25arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

23.A）Sheisbothapopularandhighlyrespectedauthor.

B）SheisthemostlovedAfricannovelistofalltimes.

C）Sheisthemostinfluentialauthorsincethe1930’s.

D）Sheisthefirstwritertofocusonthefateofslaves.

24.A）TheBookCriticsCircleAward.C）ThePulitzerPrizeforfiction.

B）TheNobelPrizeforliterature.D）TheNationalBookAward.

25.A）SheisarelativeofMorrison’s.C）Sheisaskilledstoryteller.

B）SheisaslavefromAfrica.D）Sheisablackwoman.

SectionC

Directions:Inthisction,epassage

isreadforthefirsttime,e

passageisreadforthecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththe

y,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,

youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

Manycollegestudentstodayownpersonalputersthatcostanywherefrom

$1,000toperhaps$5,000ormore.（26）__________,itisnotunmonforthemto

高考

purcha（27）__________years

ago,puterswere（28）__________,buttheywereverylargeandextremelyexpensive.

Few,ifany,（29）__________eyears,the

priceofthe“guts”ofaputer—itsmemory—hasdeclinedtolessthana

er,

（30）__________improvementshavemadeitpossibleto（31）__________memory

circuitrythatissmallenoughtofitintotheportablepersonalputersthatmanyof

usownandu.（32）__________,asthepriceofputationhasdeclinedtheaverage

consumerandbusinesshavespentmoreonpurchasingputers.

（33）__________,improvedagriculturaltechnology,hybrid（杂交）eds,（34）

__________animalbreeding,andsoonhavevastlyincreadtheamountofoutputa

cesofgoodssuchasmeatsandgrainshave

cultural

priceshavefallen,manyhouholdshavedecreadtheirtotalexpensonfood.

Eventhoughthe（35）__________ofaproductpurchadgenerallyincreaswhen

itspricefalls,totalexpensonitmaydecline.

PartIIIReadingprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,requiredto

lectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowing

高考

markthecorrespondingletterfor

notu

anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions36to45arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Whatdoesittaketobeawell-trainednur?Theanswerudtobetwo-year

associate’sorfour-yearbachelor’henursingshortage

___36___,agrowingnumberofschoolsandhospitalsareestablishing“fast-track

programs”thatenablecollegegraduateswithnonursing___37___tobee

registerednurswithonlyayearorsoof___38___training.

In1991,therewereonly40fast-trackcurricula;nowtherearemorethan200.

TypicalisColumbiaUniversity’tarntheir

hostayonforan___39___twoyears

canearnamaster’sdegreethat___40___themasnurpractitioners（执业护士）

orclinicalnurspecialists.

Manystudentsarerecent___41___;ardron,

32,a2004graduateofColumbia’sprogram,wasapremedicalstudentincollege

andthenworkedforapharmaceutical（药物的）mbia,he

was___42___asanurpractitioner.“Isawthatnurswereinhigh___43___andit

lookedlikeareallygoodopportunity,”hesays.“Also,Ididn’twanttobeinschool

forthatlong.”

高考

Thefast-tracktrendfillsaneed,butit’salsocreatingsome___44___between

newersandveterans.“Nursthatarestillatthebedside___45___thekidswith

suspicion,”saysLindaPellico,whohastaughtnursingatYaleUniversityfor18

years.“Theywonder,howcantheydoitquicker?”Theansweristheydon’t.

A）additionalI）promote

B）appliedJ）qualifies

C）demandK）specialized

D）excessiveL）tension

E）experienceM）trained

F）exploresN）view

G）graduatesO）worns

H）operations

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

atementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.

chooa

the

questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Theriofthesharingeconomy

高考

A）Lastnight40,000peoplerentedacmodationfromarvicethatoffers250,000

roomsin30,otheirroomsandpaidfor

irbedswereprovidedbyprivateindividuals,ratherthana

ndguestswerematchedupbyAirbnb,afirmbadinSan

tslaunchin2008morethan4millionpeoplehaveudit—2.5

emostprominentexampleofahugenew

“sharingeconomy”,inwhichpeoplerentbeds,cars,boatsandotherasts

directlyfromeachother,co-ordinatedviatheinternet.

B）Youmightthinkthisisnodifferentfromrunningabed-and-breakfast（家庭旅

店）,owningatimeshare（分时度假房）hnology

hasreducedtransactioncosts,makingsharingastscheaperandeasierthanever

—changeistheavailability

ofmoredataaboutpeopleandthings,whichallowsphysicalaststobedivided

theinternet,rentingasurfboard,apowertoolor

aparkingspacefromsomeoneelwasfeasible,butwasusuallymoretroublethan

sitessuchasAirbnb,RelayRidesandSnapGoodsmatchup

ownersandrenters;smartphoneswithGPSletpeopleewherethenearest

rentablecarisparked;socialnetworksprovideawaytocheckuponpeopleand

buildtrust;andonlinepaymentsystemshandlethebilling.

What’smineisyours,forafee

C）Justaspeer-to-peerbusinesslikeeBayallowanyonetobeearetailer,sharing

sitesletindividualsactasanadhoc（临时的）taxirvice,car-hirefirmorboutique

高考

hotel（精品酒店）

modelworksforitemsthatareexpensivetobuyandarewidelyownedbypeople

msandcarsarethemostobvious

examples,butyoucanalsorentcampingspacesinSweden,fieldsinAustraliaand

catesofthesharingeconomyliketoputit,

accesstrumps（胜过）ownership.

D）RachelBotsman,theauthorofabookonthesubject,saystheconsumer

peer-to-peerrentalmarketaloneisworth$rdefinitionsofthe

sharingeconomyincludepeer-to-peerlendingorputtingasolarpanelonyourroof

andllingpowerbacktothegrid（电网）.Anditisnotjustindividuals;theweb

makesiteasierforpaniestorentoutspareofficesandidlemachines,

coreofthesharingeconomyispeoplerentingthingsfromeachother.

E）Such“collaborative（合作的）consumption”isagoodthingforveralreasons.

sayshostsinSanFrancisco

whorentouttheirhomesdosoforanaverageof58nightsayear,making$9,300.

CarownerswhorenttheirvehiclestoothersusingRelayRidesmakeanaverageof

$250amonth;somemakemorethan$1,s,meanwhile,paylessthan

theywouldiftheyboughttheitemthemlves,orturnedtoatraditionalprovider

reareenvironmentalbenefits,too:rentinga

carwhenyouneedit,ratherthanowningone,meansfewercarsarerequiredand

fewerresourcesmustbedevotedtomakingthem.

F）Forsociablesouls,meetingnewpeoplebystayingintheirhomesispartofthe

高考

geons（倔脾气的人）whoimaginethateveryrenterisamurderer

ers,asthe

backgroundcheckscarriedoutbyplatformowners,onlinereviewsandratingsare

usuallypostedbybothpartiestoeachtransaction,whichmakesiteasytospotbad

drivers,gFacebookandother

socialnetworks,participantscancheckeachotheroutandidentifyfriends（or

friendsoffriends）

theremarkablethingishowwellthesystemusuallyworks.

Peeringintothefuture

G）Thesharingeconomyisalittlelikeonlineshopping,whichstartedinAmerica15

t,ingmadea

successfulpurchafrom,say,Amazon,rly,

usingAirbnboracar-hirerviceforthefirsttimeencouragespeopletotryother

,startedoutasapeer-to-peermarketplace,it

isnowdominatedbyprofessional“powerllers”（manyofwhomstartedoutas

ordinaryeBayurs）.Thesamemayhappenwiththesharingeconomy,whichalso

oplehaveboughtcarssolelyto

rentthemout,forexample.

H）,acar-hirefirm,hasa

andDaimler,re,paniesmay

develophybrid（混合的）models,listingexcesscapacity（whethervehicles,

equipmentorofficespace）ast,newwaysof

高考

yhaveoften

internetshoppingforcedWal-martandTescotoadapt,so

onlinesharingwillshakeuptransport,tourism,equipment-hireandmore.

I）om-rentersbesubjecttohotel

taxes,forexample?InAmsterdamofficialsareusingAirbnblistingstotrackdown

Americancities,peer-to-peertaxirviceshavebeen

geristhatalthoughsome

rulesneedtobeupdatedtoprotectconsumersfromharm,existingrental

whorentoutroomsshouldpaytax,of

cour,hterrules

thattypicallygovernbed-and-breakfastsaremorethanadequate.

J）Thesharingeconomyisthelatestexampleoftheinternet’svaluetoconsumers.

Thimergingmodelisnowbiganddisruptive（颠覆性的）enoughforregulators

me

tostartcaringaboutsharing.

gitemssuchascarsdoesgoodtotheenvironment.

’ssuccessclearlyillustratestheemergenceofahugesharingeconomy.

orconcernaboutthesharingeconomyishowthegovernment

regulatesit.

tfrequentlyshareditemsarethoexpensivetobuybutnotfullyud.

ringeconomyhasapromisingfuture.

高考

sharingwillchangethewaybusinessisdoneintransportation,travel,

rentals,etc.

isawebsitethatenablesownersandrenterstopletetransactionsonline.

ringeconomyislikelytogothewayofonlineshopping.

antageofsharingisthatownerarnmoneyfromrentingoutitemsnot

madefulluof.

gappealstothesociableinthattheycanmeetnewpeople.

SectionC

Directions:ssageisfollowedbysome

hofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofrearchhasshownthatourappetiteand

foodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneed

forenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodin

frontofus.

Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV（orasimilar

distraction）

高考

simplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportion

sizeandconsumption.

Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayarolein

lhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredictednotby

howmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’deninfrontofthem

—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.

Thisdisparity（差异）suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhavea

biggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.

Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.

“Hungerisn’tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.

Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal,”Brunstromsays.

“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismoreplex

thanwethought.”

Thefindingchoearlierrearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcan

sometimestrickourbody’2011study,forinstance,

peoplewhodrankthesame380-calorie（卡路里）milkshakeontwoparate

occasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones（荷尔蒙）,

dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.

Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey’d

consumedahigher-calorieshake.

Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyemspractical

totrickourlvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefitsof

高考

focusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.

Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpus

controlourappetite,Brunstromsays.

saidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?

A）Howweperceivethefoodweeat.C）Whenweeatourmeals.

B）Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.D）Howfastweeatourmeals.

uldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthe

previousmeal?

A）Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.C）Youwouldhaveagood

appetite.

B）Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.D）Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.

welearnfromthe2011study?

A）Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchas.

B）Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’srespontofood.

C）Hungerlevelsdependonone’sconsumptionofcalories.

D）Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.

esBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?

A）Trickourlvesintoeatingless.C）Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.

B）Choofoodwithfewercalories.D）Pickdishesoftherightsize.

themainideaofthepassage?

A）Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.

高考

B）Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.

C）Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.

D）Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Asasocietywemightwanttorethinkthetimeandmoneyspentoneducation,

y,

bothhighschoolsandcollegescanprepareindividualsfortheever-changingroles

thatarelikelytobeexpectedofthem.

Highschooldegreesofferfarlessinthewayofpreparationforworkthanthey

might,orthanmanyothernationscurrentlyoffer,creatingagrowingskillsgapin

uragestudentstogoontocollegewhethertheyare

preparedornot,orhaveaclearnofpurpoorinterest,andnowhavethe

highestcollegedropoutrateintheworld.

Wemightlooktoothercountriesformodelsofhowhighschoolscanoffer

bettertraining,aswellasthedevelopmentofaworkethic（勤奋工作的美德）and

d

Harvard’s2011“PathwaystoProsperity”reportformoreattentiontothe

“forgottenhalf”（thowhodonotgoontocollege）andideasabouthowto

addressthisissue.

Simultaneously,wledge

高考

economywhereprofessionalroleschangerapidlyandmanycollegestudentsare

preparingforpositionsthatmaynotevenexistyet,theskilltneededisonethat

preparesthemforchangeandcontinuedlearning.

Learningtoexpressideaswellinbothwritingandspeech,knowinghowtofind

information,andknowinghowtodorearchareallsolidbackgroundskillsfora

widevarietyofroles,andsuchtrainingismoreimportantthananyparticularmajor

tocontinuetovaluebroadpreparationinthinking

skillsthatwillrveforalifetime.

Studentsalsoneedtolearntoworkindependentlyandtomakeresponsible

gtheningpathtoadulthoodappearxacerbated（恶化）by

herisinginvestmentincollege

education,parentalconcernisnotsurprising,butlearningwhereandwhento

intervene（干预）willhelpstudentstakemoreownershipoftheoutesofthe

increasinglycostlyeducations.

ndofeducationdoestheauthorthinkisideal?

A）Itbenefitsthegreatmajorityofthegeneralpopulation.

B）Itpreparesstudentstomeetthefutureneedsofsociety.

C）Itencouragesstudentstolearnthroughouttheirlives.

D）Itensuresthatstudents’expectationsaresuccessfullyfulfilled.

estheauthorsayistheproblemwithprenthighschooleducation?

A）Ignoringtheneedsofthowhodon’tgotocollege.

高考

B）Teachingskillstobeudrightaftergraduationonly.

C）Givinglittleattentiontothohavingdifficultylearning.

D）Creatingthehighestdropoutrateinthedevelopedworld.

aracterizesaknowledgeeconomyaccordingtothepassage?

A）Peoplehavetoreceivehighereducationtoqualifyforaprofessionalposition.

B）Studentsmajoringinliberalartsusuallyhavedifficultycuringajob.

C）Newpositionsareconstantlycreatedthatrequirepeopletokeeplearning.

D）Collegesfindithardtoteachstudentshowtocopewiththechangingeconomy.

estheauthorthinkaliberalartscollegeshouldfocuson?

A）Solidbackgroundknowledgeinaparticularfield.

B）Practicalskillsurgentlyneededincurrentsociety.

C）Basicskillsneededforchangeandlifelonglearning.

D）Ufulthinkingskillsforadvancedacademicrearch.

ggestiondoestheauthoroffertoparents?

A）Rethinkingthevalueofhighereducation.

B）Investingwilyintheirchildren’ducation.

C）Helpingtheirchildrentobringtheirtalentintofullplay.

D）Avoidingtoomuchinterventionintheirchildren’ducation.

PartIVTranslation（30minutes）

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefrom

uldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

高考

中国结（theChineknot）最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已

经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的

目的。”结”在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求

好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺（handicraft）代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来

越受欢迎。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）答案