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名词性从句用法
一、概念
名词性从句,即指____________________的从句,它包括__________、__________、
__________和__________。
从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再
次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。
二、名词性从句的一般引导词
1.连接词______只起______作用,及____________,也不____________,在______中可______,
但引导其他名词性从句时通常______。如:
Ihope______youenjoyyourholiday.
______helikesyouisveryobvious.
2.连接词______也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导____________时,可
换成______,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if。
Heasked____________Iwouldshowhimtheway.
______itwilldousharmremainstobeen.
3.连接代词who(m),who,which,what等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语
等。如:
That’s______shewantedtoleave.
______wearrivedoesn'tmatter.
Tellme______oneyoulikebest.
4.连接副词when,where,why,how等,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如:
Thequestionis______weshouldcarryouttheplan.
______she’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.
______hediditwillremainapuzzleforever.
三、名词性从句的重要引导词
1.______可引导______从句、______从句和______从句,但不用于引导______从句。
它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;
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二是表示“…所…的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。
Idon’tknow______youwant.
Idon’tknow______youwantisthis.
引导名词性从句时可用作限定词,其后修饰名词。
IgavehimwhatbooksIhad.
注:what后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词,并且后接不
可数名词时,有时可有little修饰,两者的区别是:what+不可数名词=所有的都,whatlittle+
不可数名词=虽少但全部。如:
Whatfriendsshehasareoutofthecountry.
Wegavehimwhat(little)helpwecould.
What用法归纳
1.表示“……的东西或事情”:
They’vedonewhattheycantohelpher.
Hesaveswhatheearns.。
WhatMaryisisthecretary.
2.表示“……的人或的样子”:
Heisnolongerwhathewas.
Heiswhatisgenerallycalledatraitor.
WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow?
3.表示“……的数量或数目”:
Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.
Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolistentimeswhatitwasbeforeliberation.
4.表示“……的时间”:
Afterwhatemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.
Theyounggirlwastoofrightenedtospeak,standingthereforwhatemedlikehours.
5.表示“……的地方”:
ThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.
In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.
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that与what引导名词性从句的区别
that引导名词性从句只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,无意义,在宾语从句通常省略,
但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略;what除引导从句外,还在从句中作成
分,意为“所„„的(东西)”,在含义上等于“名词+that”。如:
1.______shelackxperienceisobvious.
icelearned______hewasn’tthereatthattime.
ized______shetoowaxhausted.
is______youshouldn’thaveleftthecountry.
themistakenidea______tomorrowisaholiday.
uiteplain______hedidn’twanttocome.
tural______theyshouldhavedifferentviews.
8.______(=Thethingthat)hesaidwastrue.
9.______hehadhopedatlastcametrue.
10.______hesaidisbeneathcontempt.
11.______hesaysistrue,possibly.
12.______shesawgaveherafright.
13.______Iwanttosayisthis.
14.I’msorryfor______Isaid.
’s______Iwanttoknow.
betterhear______Ihavetosay.
edtoget______Iwanted.
______hemeantratherthan______hesaid.
’ssomethingin______hesays.
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erestwasroudby______hesaid.
lwaysconsciousofthefact______shedidnotapproveof______hewas
doing.
注:that可引导同位语从句,what不能
whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句
er引导的名词性从句
Whatever的意思是“所„的一切事或东西”,可视为what的强调说法,其含义大致相当于
anythingthat,whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语:
Whateverhedidwasright.
Givethemwhatevertheydesire.
Iwilljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.
Goatatwhatever(food)theycanfind.
I’mgoingtolearnwhatevermytutorwishes.
Hedoeswhateversheaskshimtodo.
Talktomeaboutwhateveristroublingyou.
Oneshouldsticktowhateveronehasbegun.
Shewouldtellhimwhatevernewsshegot.
Youcanhavewhateverallowanceyoulike.
r引导的名词性从句
whoever的意思“任何„的人”,在意义上大致相当于anybodywho。whoever在从句中可用作
主语或宾语:
I’lltakewhoeverwantstogo.
Shecanmarrywhoevershechoos.
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Whoeverwantsthebookmayhaveit.
Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.
Whoeveryouinvitewillbewelcome.
Whoeverbreaksthislawdervesafine.
I’llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.
【注意】
(1)whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中whomever
已几乎不用)。
(2)注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:
误:Whowinscangetaprize./Anyonewinscangetaprize.
正:Whoeverwinscangetaprize./Anyonewhowinscanaprize.谁赢了都可以获奖。
whatever与nomatterwhat
Itisgenerallyconsideredunwitogiveachild__________herorshewants.
erwhen
nomatterwhat只能引导__________,而不引导__________。
而whatever既可引导__________(=anythingthat),
也可引导__________(=nomatterwhat):
1.引导名词性从句只用whatever:
无论他做什么都是对的。
:Whateverhedidwasright.
:Nomatterwhathedidwasright.
无论他说什么似乎都有道理。
:Whateverhesayssoundsreasonable.
:Nomatterwhathesayssoundsreasonable.
山羊找到什么就吃什么。
:Goatatwhatevertheyfind.
:Goatatnomatterwhattheyfind.
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2.引导状语从句两者可换用:
无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
:Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.
:Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.
无论发生什么,都要保持镇定。
:Keepcalm,whateverhappens.
:Keepcalm,nomatterwhathappens.
whether和if引导名词性从句的区别
两者均可用于____________________,表示“是否”,常可互换。但在其他情况下表示“是否”
时,通常只用whether而不用if。如:引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从
句、与or连用分别引导两个分句等,或用于不定式前、用于介词后、直接与ornot连用等
等。
Askhimwhether[if]hecancome.
Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.
Answermyquestionwhetheryoucanhelphim.
Itdependsonwhethertheletterarrivesintime.
注:在某些动词后(如discuss等)通常只用whether。
Wediscusdwhetherweshouldholdameeting.
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