2009年考研英语真题

2009考研英语（二）真题及答案解析

Directions：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage，therearefourchoices

markedA,B,thebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET

withapencil.

In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$2008,ithad21the$100

sonsforthesurge22fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomies

ofchinaandIndiatowidespread23inoil-producingregions,includingIraqand

Nigeria'-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical

mapoftheworld,-richnationsareenjoyinghistoric

gainsandopportunities,26majorimporters—includingchinaandIndia,hometoa

thirdoftheworld'spopulation27risingeconomicandsocialcosts.

ies

thatneedoilareclawingateachotherto29scarcesupplies,andarewillingto

dealwithanygovernment,30howunpleasant,todoit.

Inmanypoornationswithoil,theprofitsarebeing,losttocorruption,31the

isfuelingenormousinvestment

fundsrunbyforeigngovernments,32someinthewesteasanewthreat.

CountrieslikeRussia,VenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil33,

eunexpected

countriesarereapingbenefits,34costs,erGermany.35

itimportsvirtuallyallitsoil,ithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithabooming

exportstoRussia36128percentfrom2001to

2006.

IntheUnitedStates,asalreadyhighgaspricesro37higherinthespringof

2008,theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaign,withSenatorsMcCainand

drivinghabitsbeganto39,assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems

40thecountryreportedasharpincreainriders.

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PartIIIReadingComprehension(40%)

Direction:ssageisfollowedbysome

hofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked

A,B,C,ackenthecorresponding

letterontheAnswerSheetwithapencil.

PASSAGE1.

HenricIbn,authoroftheplay"ADoll'sHou",inwhichapretty,helpless

houwifeabandonsherhusbandandchildrentoekamoreriouslife,wouldsurely

haveapproved..FromJanuaryIst,2008,allpubliccompaniesinNorwayareobliged

toensurethatatleast40%rmshaveobeyed

thelaw,ut75outofthe480orsocompaniesit

affectsarestilltoomaleforthegovernment'llshortlyreceive

aletterinformingthemthattheyhaveuntiltheendofFebruarytoact,orface

thelegalconquences---whichcouldincludebeingdissolved.

Beforethelawwaspropod,about7%ofboardmembersinNorwaywerefemale,

berhassincejumpedto36%.

Thatisfarhigherthantheaverageof9%forbigcompaniesacrossEuropeorAmerica's

15%'sstockexchangeanditsmainbusinesslobbyoppo

thelaw,asdomanybusinessmen."Iamagainstquotasforwomenormenasamatter

ofprinciple,"saysSverreMunck,headofinternationaloperationsatamediafirm.

"Boardmembersofpubliccompaniesshouldbechonsolelyonthebasisofmerit

andexperience,"lfirmshaveevengivenuptheirpublicstatusin

ordertoescapethenewlaw.

Companieshavehadtorecruitabout1,mplainthat

eofthis,someofthe

bestwomenhavecollectedasmanyas25-35directorshipach,andareknownin

Norwegianbusinesscirclesasthe"goldenskirts".Onereasonforthescarcityis

thattherearefairlyfewwomeninmanagementinNorwegiancompanies---theyoccupy

around15%eenparticularlyhardforfirmsintheoil,

technologyandfinancialindustriestofindwomenwithaenoughexperience.

Somepeopleworrythattheirrelativelackofexperiencemaykeepwomenquieton

boards,andthatinturncouldmeanthatboardsmightbecomelessabletohold

historyinNorway,however,suggeststhattherightwomen

canmakestrongdirectors."Womenfeelmorecompelledthanmentodotheirhomework,"

saysMsRekstenSkaugen,whowasvotedNorway'schairmanoftheyearfor2007,"and

wecanaffordtoaskthehardquestions,becauwomenarenotalwayxpectedto

knowtheanswers."

hormentionsIbn'splayinthefirstparagraphinorderto.

women'sdilemmaatwork

nthenewlypasdlaw

tNorwegiangovernment

ucethetopicunderdiscussion

ccompanythatfailstoobeythenewlawcouldbeforcedto.

avyfine

ownitsbusiness

toaprivatebusiness

ocumentpromisingtoact

hofthefollowingisSverreMunckmostlikelytoagree?

ratioofwomeninaboardisunreasonable.

nablequotaforwomenatworkneedstobet.

nprincipleshouldbefollowedbyallcompanies.

periencedbusinessmanisnotsubjecttothenewlaw.

horattributesthephenomenonof"goldenskirts"to.

llnumberofqualifiedfemalesinmanagement

r-recruitmentoffemalemanagersinpubliccompanies

antagewomenenjoywhencompetingforniorpositions

criminationtowardwomeninNorwegianbusinesscircles

nideaofthepassagemightbe.

powerandliberationinNorway

nificanceofHenricIbn'splay

'sstatusinNorwegianfirms

stitutionofboardmembersinNorway

PASSAGE2.

Whilethere'sneveragoodagetogetcancer,peopleintheir20sand30scanfeel

rageageofacancerpatientatdiagnosisis67.

Childrenwithcanceroftenaretreatedatpediatric(小儿科的)cancercenters,but

youngadultshaveatoughtimefindingpeers,oftensittingside-by-sideduring

treatmentswithpeoplewhocouldbetheirgrandparents.

InhernewbookCrazySexyCancerTips,writerKrisCarrlooksatcancerfromthe

perspectiveofayoungadultwhoconfrontsdeathjustasshe'sdiscoveringlife.

s31whenshewasdiagnodwithararefromofcancerthathadgenerated

tumorsonherliverandlungs.

ledherparents

andstockeduponorganicfood,determinedtobecomea"full-timehealingaddict."

Thenshepickedupthephoneandcalledeveryoneinheraddressbook,askingifthey

ultwasherownpersonal"cancerpos":

arockconcerttourmanager,amodel,afashionmagazineeditor,acartoonistand

aMTVcelebrity,ubof"cancerbabes"offeredsupport,advice

andfashiontips,amongotherthings.

thercancerexperienceinarecentLearningChanneldocumentary,and

isn'tfunny,butMs.

ars,shemakesupnamesforthepeoplewhotreather(Dr.

),andsheevenmakescondsoundfun("cancerroadtrips,"

shecallsthem).

Sheleavesthemedicaladvicetodoctors,insteadofferinginsightfulandpractical

tipsthatreflecttheworldviewofayoungadult."Irefudtoletcancerruin

myparty,"shewrites."Therearejusttoomanycoolthingstodoandplanandlive

for."

illhascancer,certipsinclude

usingtime-savingmas-mailstokeepfriendsinformed,wingorbuying

fashionablehospitalgownssoyou'renotstuckwithregulationblueorgrayand

playingGloriaGaynor's"IWillSurvive".

Carralsoadvisaneyebrowwaxandanewoutfitbeforeyoutelltheimportantpeople

inyourillness."peopleyoutellaregoingtocautiousandnotsocautiouslytry

toethecancer,sodazzletheminsteadwithyourmiracle,"shewrites.

Whileheradvicemaysoundsuperficial,itgetstotheheartofwhateverycancer

patientwants:thechancetolivelifejustasshealwaysdid,andmaybebetter.

fthefollowinggroupsismorevulnerabletocancer?

en.

intheir20sand30s.

dults.

ypeople.

hefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT_______.

rrisafemalewriter

rrismorethan31-year-old.

rrworksinacancercenter.

rrisveryoptimistic.

a"cancerpos"(Line4,para.3)probablyrefersto________

rrearchorganization

ofpeoplewhosufferfromcancer

whohaverecoveredfromcancer

whocopewithcancer

rrmakeupnamesforthepeoplewhotreatherbecau________

epresdandlikesswearing

unnyandlikesplayingjokesondoctor

tstoleavethemedicaladvicetodoctor

estoleaveagoodimpressionondoctor

isCarr'scancertipswemayinferthat________

rnedtoue-mailsaftershegotcancer

rsfashionabledresvenaftersufferingfromcancer

algownsforcancerpatientsareusuallynotinbrightcolors

ghborsareveryfriendlywithcancerpatients

PASSAGE3.

Questions51to55arebadonthefollowingpassage:

Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslypodby

Machiavelli,liesattheheartofJophNye',aformerdeanofthe

KennedySchoolofGovemmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica'sNational

IntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaof"softpower",badon

persuasionandinfluence,asacounterpointto"hardpower",badoncoercion(强

迫)andforce.

Havinganalyzedtheuofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacyinhis

previousbooks,nowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpower

andleadership,velli,he

notes,concludedthat"oneoughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficult

forthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved."Inshort,hard

emleadershiptheoristshavecometothe

oppositeconclusion.

Thecontextofleadershipischanging,theobrve,andthehistoricalemphasison

mcompaniesanddemocracies,poweris

increasinglydiffudandtraditionalhierarchies(等级制)arebeing

undermined,tdoesnotmeancoercion

d,headvocatesa

clusionofThePowerstoLead,hissurveyof

thetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhecalls”

smartpower”,isthebestapproach.

Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparently,the

“transformationalleadershippattern”.Anoneallergic(反感)tomanagementterm

willalreadyberunningfortheexit,butMr,Nyehasperformedavaluablervice

inroundingupandsummarizingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesof

leadcrishipintoasingle,inesdifferentapproachesto

leadership,themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminethe

replcntyofanccdotesandexamples,both

historicalandcontemporary,politicalandcorporate.

Alsa,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andashedepictsvarioustheories,

hismostinterestingwhendiscussing

themoralaspectsofleadershipinparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimes

necessaryforgoodleaderstolie-andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryof

ingthemeisthatascircumstanceschange,differentsorts

ofleadcrsarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystrugglein

another,telythatisjustafancywayofsayingthatleadcrship

offersnocasyanswers.

velli'sideaofhard

poweris______.

ceptedbyJophNye

fluentialtillnowadays

nsoundtheories

rytothatofmodemleadershiptheorists

?

oniswidespread.

tyisdevalued.

snolongerconcentrated.

ionalhierarchiesarestrengthened

ookthePowerstolead,exminedallthefollowingaspectsof

leadershipEXCEPT_____.

ity

t

ches

ty

'sbookisparticularlyvaluableinthatit_____.

ittleuofmanagementterms

izesvariousstudiesconcily

asanexitforleadershiprearchers

odelforcontemporarycorporateleaders

ingtotheauthor,'sbookliesinhis

_____.

changeableleadership

tionofgoodleadership

yofleadershiphistory

sionofmoralleadership

PASSAGE4

Questions56to60arebadonthefollowingpassage:

Americansdon',alotdependsonhowyoudefinejust

reshootingwars-thekindthattestpatriotismandcourage-and

erstrugglestestthoqualities

wastheGreatDepressionorthespaceraceortheconstructionof

therailroads?IfAmericanindulgeinabitofflag—whenthejobisdone,theyearned

it.

adydeterioration(恶化)of

theveryclimateofthisveryplanetisbecomingawarofthefirstorder,andby

anymeasure,esnearlyaquarteroftheworld'sgreenhougaach

yearandhasstubbornlymadeitclearthatitdoesn'tintendtodoawholelotabout

gh174nationsapprovedtheadmittedlyflawedKyotoaccordstoreduce

carbonlevels,revaguepromisof

acountrythat

tightlycitespatriotismasoneofitscorevalues,ngapasson

'shardtoimagineabiggerfight

thanoneforthesurvivalofacountry'scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeople

andstabilityofitconomy.

Therubis,ifthevastmajorityofpeopleincreasinglyagreethatclimatechange

isaglobalemergency,there'ryoffers

itspans,nmentalistsoffertheirs,which

toooftenamounttonativewishliststhatcouldweakenAmerican''s

assumethatthointerestedpartiesandotherswillalwaysbentthetableandwill

wouldanaggressive,ambitious,effectiveplanlooklike-onethatwouldleavethe

vironmentallysafeandeconomicallysound?

hemoreconrvativeplansfor

addressingtheproblemcallsforareductionof25billiontonsofcarbonemissions

bydevisingaconsistentstrategythatmixesandblends

pragmatism(实用主义)withambition,,withoutmajordamagetotheeconomy,

helphalttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandensurethesurvivalofitsway

illdosomeofthework,butwhat'sneeded

mostiswill."I'mnotsayingthechallengeisn'talmostoverwhelming,"saysFred

Krupp."ButthisisAmerica,andAmericahasrintothechallengesbefore."

esthepassagemainlydiscuss?

ars.

iccrisis.

a'nvironmentalpolicies.

environmentingeneral.

elastntenceofparagraph2wemaylearnthatthesurvivalofacountry's

coastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandthestabilityofitconomy

is__________.

stimportance

noonecanwin

people'simagination

ignificantissue

gfromthecontext,theword"rub"(Line1,Para.3)probablymeans_______.

on

diction

ct

m

theauthor'sattitudetowardAmerica'spoliciesonglobalwarming?

al

erent

tive

mising

agraphsimmediatelyfollowingthispassagewouldmostprobablydeal

with___________.

bookwrittenbyFredKrupp

ricacanfightagainstglobalwarming

mfuleffectsofglobalwarming

ricacantideovereconomiccrisis

PartⅣTranslation

Withthenation’pensation

arrangementsforexecutivesofthebigbanksandotherfinancialfirmsarecoming

undercloexaminationagain.

Bankers’excessiverisk-takingisasignificantcauofthisfinancialcrisis

andhascontinued,toothersinthepast,inthisca,itwasfueledbylowinterest

ratesandkeptgoingbyafalnofcuritycreatedbyadebt-fueledbubble

intheeconomy.

Mortgagelendersgladlylentenormoussumstothowhocouldnotaffordtopaythem

backdividingthelawsandllingthemofftothenextfinancialinstitutionalong

thechain,advantageofthesamehigh-techcuritizationtoloadonmorerisky

mortgage-badasts.

Financialregulationwillhavetocatchupwiththemostirresponsiblepractices

thatledbanksdowninthisroad,inhopesavertingthenextcrisis,whichislikely

s

worthexaminingtherootproblemofcompensationschemesthataretiedtoshort-term

profitsandrevenue’s,andthuncouragebankerstotakeirresponsiblerisks.

SectionⅢions:InthisctionthereisatextinEnglish.

ourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolume

ofgreenhougasastheworld’sairlinesdo---roughly2percentofallCO2

emissions?e

archcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2,dependingonhowmanyattempts

areneededtogetthe“right”verresultstoitsursquickly,

then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresaroundtheworld,packedwithpowerful

roducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thecomputermitagreat

dealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichuvenmore

r,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiency

ringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,

butthereismuchmoretobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.

小作文真题：

suppoyourcousinLIMINGhasjustbeenadmitedtoauniversitywritehim/hera

letterto:

(1)Congratulatehim/her,and

(2)givehim/hersuggestionsonhowtogetpreparedforuniversitylifeyoushould

ignyourownnameattheendof

theletter,U"zhangwe"

大作文真题：

writing,youshould:

1)interpretthechartand

2)giveyourcommentsyoushouldwriteatleast150wrodswriteyouressayonanswer

sheet2(15points)

2009考研英语（二）真题及答案解析（4）

2014-04-2207:14:48|中国研究生招生信息网

答案

SECTION2

21-30CDDBCBDABA

31-40BADDABACAC

SECTION3

41-50BBAACCCBCC

51-60DCABDCAAAC

SECTION4

由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计

划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.

在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款

人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金

融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能

应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能

包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却

让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.

ions:ateitintoChine.

WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

“Suatainability”hasbecomeapopularwordthedays,buttoTedNing,theconcept

enduredapainfulperiodof

unsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-oriented

valuesmustbeexpresdthougheverydayactionandchoice.

‟dbeen

thoughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulder

agency.

Itdidin‟tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecauthat‟snotmypassion,”says

Ning,whodilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.

“Iwasmirable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthe

nesaid,

„Justwait,you‟lltrunthecorner,giveitsometime.‟”

翻译参考

“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历

了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的

行动和选择中。

Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找

工作，并且与Boulder代理机构签了约。

事情进展并不顺利，TedNing说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以

预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花

板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说„等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。‟”

ions:

berofaSino-Americanculturalexchange

lettertoyourAmericancolleagueto

1)Expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;

2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecour.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

“ZhangWei”instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)

Dearxxx,

Iwouldliketoconveymyheartfeltthankstoyouforyourkindnesstoreceiveme

whenIparticipatedinanexchangeprograminUSA.

YourgeneroushelpmadeitpossiblethatIhadaverypleasantstayandachance

toknowAmericanculturesbetter.

Besides,IthinkitisanhonorformetomakefriendswithyouandIwillcherish

ethatyouwillvisitChina

oneday,sothatIcouldhavetheopportunitytorepayyourkindnessandrefresh

ourfriendship.

Ifeelobligedtothankyouagain.

Sincerelyyours,

ZhangWei

ions:

Inthisction,

yourwriting,youshould

1)Interpretthechartand

2)Giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Inthischart,wecanethemobilephonesubscriptionsindevelopedcountrieshave

asteadyandslightincreafrom1990to2007andthenremainconstantin2008.

Meanwhilethemobilephonesubscriptionsindevelopingcountrieshavewitnesda

slowincreafrom1990to2004andthenagreatsurgefrom2004to20007:thebiggest

surgehappensfrom2005to2006.

Thischartreflectsdifferentdevelopingmodesofmobilephoneindustryindeveloped

elopedcountrieshavealimitednumberof

populations,ore,thespreadingofthemobile

thebeginning

eloping

co

themobilephonervicebecomescheaperandcheaper,theincreasingcustomers

subscribetobenefitfromthisrvice.

Asdiscusdabove,inion,this

trendthatthenumberofmobile-phonesubscriptionsisincreasinglyincreasingwill

continueforawhileinthefuture.