liuji

2018年12月英语六级真题（第一套）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritean

uldwriteatleast150

wordsbutnomorethan200words.

PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)

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SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,

theendofeachconversation,e

ouhear

aquestion,youmustchoothebestanswerfromthefourchoices

markedA)，B)，C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebadontheconversationyouhavejust

heard.

1.A)Itcanbenefitprofessionalsandnon-professionalsalike.

B)Itliststhevariouschallengesphysicistsareconfronting.

C)Itdescribeshowsomemysteriesofphysicsweresolved.

D)Itisoneofthemostfascinatingphysicsbookverwritten.

2.A)Physicists’contributiontohumanity.

B)Storiesaboutsomefemalephysicists.

C)Historicalevolutionofmodernphysics.

D)Women’schangingattitudestophysics.

3.A)Byexposingalotofmythsinphysics.

B)Bydescribingherownlifeexperiences.

C)Byincludinglotsoffascinatingknowledge.

D)Bytellinganecdotesaboutfamousprofessors.

4.A)Itavoidsdetailingabstractconceptsofphysics.

B)Itcontainsalotofthought-provokingquestions.

C)Itdemonstrateshowtheycanbecomephysicists.

D)Itprovidexperimentstheycandothemlves.

Questions5to8arebadontheconversationyouhavejust

heard.

5.A)Heistoobusytofinishhisassignmentintime.

B)Hedoesnotknowwhatkidoftopictowriteon.

C)Hedoesnotunderstandtheprofessor’sinstructions.

D)Hehasnoideahowtoproceedwithhisdisrtation.

6.A)Itistoobroad.

B)Itisoutdated.

C)Itischallenging.

D)Itisinteresting.

7.A)Biography.

B)Nature.

C)Photography.

D)Beauty.

8.A)Improvehiscumulativegrade.

B)Develophisreadingability.

C)Sticktothetopicassigned.

D)Listtheparametersfirst.

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,ndof

eachpassage,epassage

ouhearaquestion,

youmustchoothebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，

B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)TheunprecedentedhightemperatureinGreenland.

B)ThecollapoficeonthenortherntipofGreenland.

C)TheunusualclodspellintheArcticareainOctober.

D)TherapidchangeofArctictemperaturewithinaday.

10.A)Ithascreatedatotallynewclimatepattern.

B)Itwillpoariousthreattomanyspecies.

C)Ittypicallyappearsaboutonceeverytenyears.

D)Ithaspuzzledtheclimatescientistsfordecades.

11.A)ExtinctionofArcticwildlife.

B)IcelesssummersintheArctic.

C)Emigrationofindigenouspeople.

D)Betterunderstandingofecosystems.

Questions12to15arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Agoodstart.

B)Adetailedplan.

C)Astrongdetermination.

D)Ascientificapproach.

13.A)Mostpeoplegetenergizedafterasufficientrest.

B)Mostpeopletendtohavefinitesourceofenergy.

C)Itisvitaltotakebreaksbetweendemandingmentaltasks.

D)Itismostimportanttohaveconfidenceinone’swillpower.

14.A)Theycouldkeeponworkinglonger.

B)Theycoulddomorechallengingtasks.

C)Theyfounditeasiertofocusonworkathand.

D)Theyheldmorepositiveattitudestowardlife.

15.A)Theyarepartoftheirnature.

B)Theyaresubjecttochange.

C)Theyarerelatedtoculture.

D)Theyarebeyondcontrol.

SectionC

Directions:Inthisction,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflectures

ordingswillbe

ouhearaquestion,youmustchoothebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

Questions16to18arebadontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Abouthalfofcurrentjobsmightbeautomated.

B)Thejobsofdoctorsandlawyerswouldbethreatened.

C)Thejobsmarketisbecomingsomewhatunpredictable.

D)Machinelearningwouldprovedisruptiveby2013.

17.A)Theyarewidelyapplicableformassiveopenonlinecours.

B)Theyarenowbeingudbynumeroushighschoolteachers.

C)Theycouldreadasmanyas10,000essaysinasingleminute.

D)Theycouldgradehigh-schoolessaysjustlikehumanteacher.

18.A)Itneedsinstructionsthroughouttheprocess.

B)Itdopoorlyonfrequency,high-volumetasks.

C)Ithastorelyonhugeamountsofpreviousdata.

D)Itisslowwhenitcomestotrackingnovelthings.

Questions19to22arebadontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Theengineeringproblemswithsolarpower.

B)Thegenerationofsteamwiththelatesttechnology.

C)Theimportanceofexploringnewenergysources.

D)Thetheoreticalaspectsofsustainableenergy.

20.A)Drivetrainswithsolarenergy.

B)Upgradethecity’strainfacilities.

C)Buildanewten-kilometrerailwayline.

D)Cut-downthecity’nergyconsumption.

21.A)Buildatankforkeepingcalciumoxide.

B)Findanewmaterialforstoringenergy.

C)Recoversuper-heatedsteam.

D)Collectcarbondioxidegas.

22.A)Thelackofsupervisionbyboththenationandlocal

government.

B)Theimpactofthecurrenteconomicscrisisathomeandabroad.

C)Thepoormanagementofdaycentresandhomehelprvices.

D)Thepoorrelationbetweennationalheathandsocialcare

rvices.

Questions23to25arebadontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Itwasmainlyprovidedbyvoluntaryrvices.

B)Itmainlycaterstotheneedofprivileged.

C)Itcalledforasufficientnumberofvolunteers.

D)Ithasdeterioratedoverthepastsixtyyears.

24.A)Theirlongerlifespans.

B)Fewerhomehelpersavailable.

C)Theirpreferenceforprivatervices.

D)Moreofthemsufferingriousillness.

25.A)Theyareunabletopayforhealthrvices.

B)Theyhavelongbeendiscriminatedagainst.

C)Theyarevulnerabletoillnessanddias.

D)Theyhavecontributedagreatdealtosociety.

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,

arerequiredtolectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoices

epassagethrough

oiceinthebankis

markthecorrespondingletterforeachitem

not

uanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Inwhat’sprobablythecraziestheadlineI’veeverwritten,I’ve

reportedthat26inlivestockprotectionarehappeningwithscientists

erimentisbaduponthe

ideathatfarmerswho’reprotectingtheirherdfromlionswouldshoot

hismakesa

lotofn,itresultsinmanyliondeathsthat27wouldhavebeen

chersinAustraliahavebeen28andtestinga

methodoftrickerytomakelionsthinktheyarebeingwatchedbythe

paintedeyesoncowbutts.

Thisideaisbadontheprinciplethatlionsandother29arefar

conrvationareasbecomesmaller,lionsareincreasinglycominginto

contactwithhumanpopulations,whichareexpandingtothe30of

theprotectedareas.

Effortslikepaintingeyesoncowbuttsmayemcrazyatfirst,but

theycouldmakeactualheadwayinthefightforconrvation.“Ifthe

methodworks,itcouldprovidefarmersinBotswana-and31—witha

low-cost,sustainabletooltoprotecttheirlivestock,andawaytokeep

lionssafefrombeingkilled.”

Lionsare32ambush(埋伏)hunters,sowhentheyfeeltheirpreyhas

33them,chersare34testing

vepaintedhalfofthecows

hsatellitetrackingof

boththeherdandthelionsinthearea,theywillbeableto35iftheir

psychologicaltrickerywillworktohelpkeepfarmersfromshooting

lions.

A)advancesI)otherwi

B)boundariesJ)predators

C)challengingK)primarily

D)currentlyL)retorted

E)determineM)spotted

F)devisingN)testimonies

G)elwhereO)wrestle

H)nevertheless

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

atementcontainsinformationgivenin

fytheparagraphfromwhichthe

chooaparagraphmorethanonce.

thequestionsby

markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

ResilienceIsAboutHowYouRecharge,NotHowYouEndure

[A]Asconstanttravelersandparentsofa2-year-old,wesometimes

fantasizeabouthowmuchworkwecandowhenoneofusgetsona

plane,undistractedbyphones,friends,togetallour

groundworkdone:packing,goingthroughcurity,doingalast-

minuteworkcall,callingeachother,,

whenwetrytohavethatamazingworkssioninflight,wegetnothing

r,afterrefreshingouremailorreadingthesame

studiesoverandover,wearetooexhaustedwhenwelandtosoldieron

with(继续处理)theemailsthathaveinevitablystillpiledup.

[B]whyshouldflyingdepleteus?We’rejustsittingtheredoing

’twebetougher,moreresilient(有复原力的)and

determinedinourworksowecanaccomplishallofthegoalswetfor

ourlves?Badonourcurrentrearch,wehavecometorealizethat

theproblemisnotourhecticscheduleortheplanetravelitlf;the

problemcomesfromamisconceptionofwhatitmeanstoberesilient,

andtheresultingimpactofoverworking.

[C]Weoftentakeamilitaristic,“tough”approachtoresilience

anddeterminationlikeaMarinepullinghimlfthroughthemud,a

boxergoingonemoreround,orafootballplayerpickinghimlfupoff

evethatthelongerwetoughit

out,thetougherweare,andthereforethemoresuccessfulwewillbe.

However,thintireconceptionisscientificallyinaccurate.

[D]Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingback

chhasfound

thatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlackofrecoveryandincread

kofrecovery—

whetherbydisruptingsleepwiththoughtsofworkorhaving

continuouscognitivearousalbywatchingourphones—iscostingour

companies$62billionayearinlostproductivity.

[E]Andjustbecauworkstops,itdoesn’tmeanweare

“stop”worksometimesat5pm,butthenwespend

thenightwrestlingwithsolutionstoworkproblems,talkingaboutour

workoverdinner,andfallingasleepthinkingabouthowmuchwork

we’dyjustrelead,rearchersfromNorway

foundthat7.8%ofNorwegianshavebecomeworkaholics(工作狂).The

scientistsciteadefinition“workaholism”as“beingoverlyconcerned

aboutwork,drivenbyanuncontrollableworkmotivation,andinvesting

somuchtimeandeffortinworkthatitimpairsotherimportantlife

areas.”

[F]Webelievethatthenumberofpeoplewhofitthatdefinition

includesthemajoriyofAmericanworkers,whichpromptedustobegin

dywillualargecorporate

datatfromamajormedicalcompanytoexaminehowtechnology

extendsourworkinghoursandthusinterfereswithnecessarycognitive

recovery,resultinginhugehealthcarecostsandturnovercostsfor

employers.

[G]Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.

Parentstryingtoteachtheirchildrenresiliencemightcelebrateahigh

adistortionofresilience!

exhaustedstudentgoestoschool,heriskshurtingeveryoneonthe

roadwithhisimpaireddriving;hedoesn’thavethecognitive

resourcestodowellonhisEnglishtest;hehaslowerlf-controlwith

hisfriends;andathome,rkand

exhaustionaretheoppositeofresilienceandthebadhabitsweacquire

whenwe’reyoungonlymagnifywhenwehittheworkforce.

[H]AsJimLoehrandTonySchwartzhavewritten,ifyouhavetoo

muchtimeintheperformancezone,youneedmoretimeinthe

recoveryzone,ingyourresourcesto

“tryhard”requiresburningenergyinordertoovercomeyour

emore

imbalancedwebecomeduetooverworking,themorevaluethereisin

ueofa

recoveryperiodrisinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredof

us.

[I]Sohowdowerecoverandbuildresilience?Mostpeopleassume

thatifyoustopdoingatasklikeansweringemailsorwrithingapaper,

yourbrainwillnaturallyrecover,sothatwhenyoustartagainlaterin

thedayorthenextmorning,you’ely

everyonereadingthishashadtimeswhenyoulieinbedforhours,

lieinbedforeighthours,youmayhaverested,butyoucanstillfeel

’sbecaurestandrecoveryarenotthe

samething.

[J]Ifyou’retryingtobuildresilienceatwork,youneedadequate

archersZijlstra,Cropley

andRydstedtwriteintheir2014paper:“Internalrecoveryreferstothe

shorterperiodsofrelaxationthattakeplacewithintheframesofthe

workdayortheworkttingintheformofshortscheduledor

unscheduledbreaks,byshiftingattentionorchangingtootherwork

taskswhenthementalorphysicalresourcesrequiredfortheinitialtask

alrecoveryrefersto

actionsthattakeplaceoutsideofwork—reetimebetween

theworkdays,andduringweekends,holidaysorvacations.”Ifafter

workyouliearoundonyourbedandgetirritatedbypolitical

commentaryonyourphoneorgetstresdthinkingaboutdecisions

abouthowtorenovateyourhome,yourbrainhasnotreceivedabreak

insneedarestasmuchasour

bodiesdo.

[K]Ifyoureallywanttobuildresilience,youcanstartby

urlftheresourcestobetoughby

nksondescribes

howtostrategicallystopduringthedaybyusingtechnologytocontrol

gestsdownloadingtheInstantorMomentappsto

alsou

appslikeOfftimeorUnpluggedtocreatetechfreezonesby

rageperson

ydistractiontookonly

1minute,thatwouldaccountfor2.5hoursaday.

[L]Inaddition,youcantakeacognitivebreakevery90minutesto

othavelunchatyourdesk,butinstead

spendtimeoutsideorwithyourfriends—

allofyourpaidtimeoff,whichnotonlygivesyourecoveryperiods,but

raisyourproductivityandlikelihoodofpromotion.

[M]Asforus,we’vestartedusingourplanetimeasawork-free

zone,ultshave

suallytiredalreadybythetimewegetona

plane,andthecrowdedspaceandunstableinternetconnectionmake

,insteadofswimmingupstream,werelax,

sleep,watchmovies,nwegetofftheplane,

insteadofbeingdepleted,wefeelrecoveredandreadytoreturntothe

performancezone.

eenfoundthatinadequaterecoveryoftenleadstopoor

healthandaccidents.

relaxationismuchneeded,justasphysicalrelaxationis.

terestnotonlyhelpsonerecover,butalsoincreas

one’sworkefficiency.

horalwayshasahectictimebeforetakingaflight.

rymaynottakeplaceevenifoneemstohavestopped

working.

vidthattechnologybeudtopreventpeoplefrom

overworking.

rytopopularbelief,restdoesnotequalrecovery.

horhascometoethathisproblemresultsfroma

misunderstandingofthemeaningofresilience.

’sdistortedviewaboutresiliencemayhavedeveloped

fromtheirupbringing.

tendtothinkthemoredeterminedtheyare,thegreater

theirsuccesswillbe.

SectionC

Directions:ssageis

hofthem

therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideon

thebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Childrenwithattentionproblemsinearlychildhoodwere40%less

likelytograduatefromhighschool,saysanewstudyfromDuke

University.

Thestudyincluded386kindergartenersfromschoolsintheFast

TrackProject,1991began

trackinghowchildrendevelopedacrosstheirlives.

Withthisstudy,rearcherxaminedearlyacademicattentionand

socio-emotionalskillsandhoweachcontributedtoacademicsuccess

intoyoungadulthood.

Theyfoundthatearlyattentionskillswerethemostconsistent

predictorofacademicsuccess,andthatlikabilitybypeersalsohada

modesteffectonacademicperformance.

Byfifthgrade,childrenwithearlyattentiondifficultieshadlower

h-

graders,childrenwithearlyattentionproblemsobtainedaverage

readingscoresatleast3%lowerthantheircontemporaries’and

gradesatleast8%safter

controllingforIQ,socio-economicstatusandacademicskillsatschool

entry.

Althoughthemaynotemlikelargeeffects,theimpactofearly

attentionproblemscontinuedthroughoutthechildren’sacademic

eadingachievementscoresandgradesinfifthgrade

contributedtoreducedgradesinmiddleschoolandthereby

contributedtoa40%lowerhighschoolgraduationrate.

“Thechildrenweidentifiedashavingattentiondifficultieswere

notdiagnodwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(注意力缺乏多

动症)(ADHD),dings

suggestthatevenmoremodestattentiondifficultiescanincreathe

riskofnegativeacademicoutcomes,”saidDavidRabiner,anassociate

deanofDuke’sTrinityCollegeofArts&Sciences,whorearchhas

focudonADHDandinterventionstoimproveacademicperformance

inchildrenwithattentiondifficulties.

Socialacceptancebypeersinearlychildhoodalsopredictedgrades

infifthgrade,Childrennotaslikedbytheirfirst-gradepeershad

slightlylowergradesinfifthgrade,whilethowithhighersocial

acceptancehadhighergrades.

“Thisstudyshowstheimportanceofso-called‘non-cognitive’

orsoftskillsincontributingtochildren’spositivepeerrelationships,

which,inturn,contributetotheiracademicsuccesss,”saidKenneth

Dodge,directoroftheDukeCenterforChildandFamilyPolicy.

Theresultshighlighttheneedtodevelopeffectiveearly

interventionstohelpthowithattentionproblemsstayontrack

academicallyandforeducatorstoencouragepositivepeer

relationships,therearcherssaid.

“We’relearningthatstudentsuccessrequiresamore

comprehensiveapproach,onethatincorporatesnotonlyacademic

skillsbutalsosocial,lf-regulatoryandattentionskills,”Dodgesaid.

“Ifweneglectanyoftheareas,thechild’

attendtotheareas,achild’ssuccessmayreinforceitlfwith

positivefeedbackloops.”

thefocusofthenewstudyfromDukeUniversity?

A)Thecontributortochildren’arlyattention.

B)Thepredictorsofchildren’sacademicsuccess.

C)Thefactorsthataffectchildren’motionalwell-being.

D)Thedeterminantsofchildren’sdevelopmentofsocialskills.

therearchernsurethattheirfindingsarevalid?

A)Byattachingequalimportancetoallpossiblevariablexamined.

B)Bycollectingasmanytypicalsamplesaswerenecessary.

C)Bypreventingthemfrombeingaffectedbyfactorsnotunder

study.

D)Byfocusingonthefamilybackgroundofchildrenbeingstudied.

welearnfromthefindingsoftheDukestudy?

A)Modeststudentsaregenerallymoreattentivethantheir

contemporaries.

B)Therearemorechildrenwithattentiondifficultiesthanpreviously

thought.

C)Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderaccountsformost

academicfailures.

D)Children’sacademicperformancemaysufferfromevenslight

inattention.

estheDukestudyfindaboutchildrenbetteraccepted

bypeers?

A)Theydobetteracademically.

B)Theyareeasytogetonwith.

C)Theyareteachers’favorites.

D)Theycarelessaboutgrades.

nweconcludefromtheDukestudy?

A)Children’ssuccessisrelatedtotheirlearningenvironment.

B)Schoolcurriculumshouldcoveragreatervarietyofsubjects.

C)Socialskillsareplayingakeyroleinchildren’sdevelopment.

D)Anall-roundapproachshouldbeadoptedinschooleducation.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebadonthefollowingpassage.

OnJan.9,2007,SteveJobsformallyannouncedApple’s

“revolutionarymobilephone”—adevicethatcombinedthe

functionalityofaniPod,phoneandInternetcommunicationintoa

singleunit,navigatedbytouch.

Itwasahugemilestoneinthedevelopmentofsmartphones,which

arenowownedbyamajorityofAmericanadultsandareincreasingly

commonacrosstheglobe.

Assmartphoneshavemultiplied,sohavequestionsabouttheir

headvantagesof

convenient,mobiletechnologyarebothobviousandtakenforgranted,

leavingmoresubtletopicsforconcerneddiscussion:Aresmartphones

disturbingchildren’ssleep?Isaninabilitytogetawayfromwork

havinganegativeimpactonhealth?Andwhataretheimplicationsfor

privacy?

Buttoday,onthe10thanniversaryoftheiPhone,let’stakea

momenttoconsideralessobviousadvantage:thepotentialfor

’s

becau,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,alargeproportionofthe

speciesisincontinuouscontactwithtechnologythatcanrecordkey

featuresofanindividual’sbehaviorandenvironment.

Rearchershavealreadybeguntousmartphonesinsocial

scientificrearch,eithertoquerypeopleregularlyastheyengagein

theirnormalliveortorecordactivityusingthedevice’sbuilt-in

tudiesareconfirming,challengingandextending

what’sbeenfoundusingmoretraditionalapproaches,inwhichpeople

reporthowtheybehavedinreallifeorparticipateinrelativelyshortand

artificiallaboratory-badtasks.

dataarecollectedand

methodsforanalysisimprove,rearcherswillbeinabetterpositionto

identifyhowdifferentexperiences,behaviorsandenvironmentsrelate

toeachotherandevolveovertime,withthepotentialtoimprove

people’

revealingpopulation-widepatterns,therightcombinationofdataand

analysiscanalsohelpindividualsidentifyuniquecharacteristicsoftheir

ownbehavior,includingconditionsthatcouldindicatetheneedfor

someformofintervention—suchasanunusualincreainbehaviors

thatsignalaperiodofdepression.

Smartphone-baddatacollectioncomesatanappropriatetimein

,thefieldisintransition,

movingawayfromafocusonlaboratorystudieswithundergraduate

participantstowardsmorecomplex,real-worldsituationsstudiedwith

honesoffernewtoolsfor

achievingtheambitions,providingrichdataabouteveryday

behaviorsinavarietyofcontexts.

Sohere’sanotherwayinwhichsmartphonesmighttransformthe

wayweliveandwork:byofferinginsightsintohumanpsychologyand

behaviorand,thus,supportingsmartersocialscience.

estheauthorsayaboutthenegativeimpactof

smartphones?

A)Ithasbeenovershadowedbythepositiveimpact.

B)Ithasmoreoftenthannotbeentakenforgranted.

C)Itisnotsoobviousbuthascaudsomeconcern.

D)Itissubtlebutshouldbynomeansbeoverstated.

consideredalessobviousadvantageofsmartphone

technology?

A)Itsystematicallyrecordsrealhumaninteractions.

B)Ithelpspeoplebenefitfromtechnologicaladvances.

C)Itbringspeopleintoclorcontactwitheachother.

D)Itgreatlyimprovesrearchonhumanbehavior.

aracterizestraditionalpsychologicalrearch?

A)Itisbadonhugeamountsofcarefullycollecteddata.

B)Itreliesonlabobrvationsandparticipants’reports.

C)Itmakesuofthequestionnairemethod.

D)Itisoftenexpensiveandtime-consuming.

lfuturepsychologicalstudiesbenefitindividuals?

A)Byhelpingthempindowntheirunusualbehaviors.

B)Byhelpingthemmaintainapositivestateofmind.

C)Byhelpingthemlivetheirlivesinauniqueway.

D)Byhelpingthemcopewithabnormalsituations.

welearnaboutcurrentpsychologicalstudies?

A)Theyaregoingthroughaperiodofpainfultransition.

B)Theyareincreasinglyfocudonreal-lifesituations.

C)Theyareconductedinamorerigorousmanner.

D)Theyaremainlytargetedtowardsundergraduates.

PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslatea

uldwriteyouransweron

AnswerSheet2.

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偿得到全部英语四六级历年真题（更新至2018年12月）+听力原频