alexander graham bell

第三部分名人故事（四）

derGrahamBellandHisFirstTelephone

亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔和他的第一部电话机

亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔，美国著名发明家和企业家。他发明了世界上第一台可用的

电话机，创建了贝尔电话公司，被誉为“电话之父”。他出生在苏格兰的爱丁堡，并在那里

接受了早期的教育。除了发明电话外，他还研制了助听器，改进了爱迪生发明的留声机。他

对聋哑语的发明贡献甚大。从1875年到1922年间，他从美国政府那里就取得了三十项专利

权。

Today,aswelookupoverourbeadatthetelephonewiresthatcarryourwords

fromoneplacetoanother,wecannothelpthinkingofAlexanderGrahamBell,inventor

ofthetelephone.

AlexanderGrahamBellwasborninScotland,butwhenhewasyounghisfamily

movedtoBoston,herwasalmostdeaf,soAlexanderbecameinterested

terestledhimto

inventthemicrophone.

Bellnevertouttoinventthetelephoneandwhathewastryingtodesignwas

iginaltelegraphntamessageoverdistancesusing

ntedtoimproveitso

gnedamachinethat

wouldparatedifferentsoundwavesandallowdifferentconversationstobeheld

ashewas

experimentingwithastrawjoinedtoadeafman’ar,Bellnoticedthatwhenhe

spokeintotheear,ly

dwavescouldbereproducedinamoving

electricalcurrent,chingtoimprovethe

telegraph,Bellinventedthefirsttelephone!

OnMarch10,1876,BellandhisfriendThomasWatsonwereattheirpostsveral

roomsapart,orking,Bellgothisleghurt,

andhecriedforhelp.“,comehere,Iwantyou!”andWatsonheardBell

cryingoverhisreceiver!Thatwasthefirstntenceeverspokenoveratelephone.

ThatnightBellwrotetohismother:“hat

thedayiscomingwhenthetelephonewireswillbelaidontohousjustlikewater

orgas,andfriendswilltalkwitheachotherwithoutleavinghome.”

Twoyearslater,telephoneswereinstalledinmanycitiesintheUnitedStates.

Thenumberoftelephonesinukeptgoingupveryfastyearafteryear,andin1922

therewereover20milliontelephonesintheUnitedStatesonly.

lmostdeaf.

herwasalmost.

ventedthetelephone______

ehehadadeafmother.

adneverintendedtodosointhebeginning.

ehehadmadeuphismindtorealizethisdream.

hecouldtalktohisassistant,.

stntenceeverspokenoveratelephonewas______

Bell.

orhelp.

atsontocometoBell'splace.

tionedabove.

ginaltelegraphhadadisadvantagebecau______

dndveralmessagesatthesametime.

emessagecouldgoatatime.

amessageoverdistancesusingMorcode.

rateddifferentsoundwavesandallowdifferentconversationstobeheld

atthesametime.

Bell’sfuneral,allthetelephonesinNorthAmericaweresilent______

etherewasanelectricityfailure.

rtoshowrespectandadmirationofthepeopletothegreatinventor.

bratetheinventionofthetelephone.

erthedayofBell’sdeath.

(DBDBB)

derFleming,DiscovererofPenicillin

亚历山大•弗莱明—青霉素的发现者

青霉素（也叫盘尼西林）的发明者亚历山大·弗莱明，于1881年出生在苏格兰的洛克

菲尔德，英国著名细菌学家。弗莱明从伦敦圣马利亚医院医科学校毕业后，从事免疫学研究。

1928年弗莱明发现了青霉素。如今，青霉素已经救活了数以百万计的人们的生命，而且将

来肯定还会救活更多的生命。

doinganyharmtoman.

er

eofthelackofenoughmeans,hecouldnotgetenough

nly12yearslaterthattwoother

scientistssucceededingettingenoughpenicillinforthedoctorstouin

hospitals.

Inhislifetime,AlexanderFlemingreceivedalotofawardsforhisachievements.

Forhisdiscoveryofpenicillin,hewontheNobelPrizein1945.

ComprehensionQuestions:

gbeganhisarchforsuchasubstanceaspenicillin______

tudyingatcollege.

ashegraduatedfromcollege.

theFirstWorldWar.

rldWarIended.

llin______

eanypatient.

lthedangerousgermswithoutdoinganyharmtoman.

udonwounds.

elyudinthe1920s.

llinwasfirstudinhospitals______

1941.

gbecameworld-famousfor______

erimentsinthelaboratory.

awardshehadreceived.

coveryofpenicillin.

erinwhichhedescribedpenicillinindetails.

sagemainly______

sabriefintroductionofAlexanderFleming.

showpenicillinwasdiscovered.

sabriefintroductionofpenicillin.

bestheusofpenicillin.

(CBDCA)

对人类认识自我有着巨大的启发与推动作用。

CharlesDarwinwasaworld-famousnaturalist,whowasbornin1809atShrewsbury,

inishingschool,hewenttoCambridge,wherehestudiedmedicine.

Buthewasgreatlyinterestedinanimals,everypossible

madealongjourney

thatlastedforfiveyears,duringwhichhewenttodifferentpartsoftheworld

andcarefullystudiedtheanimalandplantlifethere.

Afteryearsofcarefulobrvation,thoughtandstudy,inNovember1859,

Darwin'smainwork,TheOriginofSpecies,ook,Darwinstated

thatdifferenttypesoflivingcreatureshadnotbeencreatedsuddenly,buthadbeen

truggleforlife,some

specieshadfailedanddiedoutwhileotherslivedonbecautheycouldfitinwith

scalled“thesurvivalofthefittest”.

Darwin'idnotgiveuphisviewsbecau

,moreandmorepeoplebelievedhis

atcontributiontosciencewasthetheory

ofevolution,whichwasknownasDarwinism.

ComprehensionQuestions:

alistisapersonwho______

mentsonplantsinalaboratory.

xperimentsonpatientsinhospital.

smedicine.

sanimalsandplants.

sDarwinoncemadealongjourneytostudyanimalsandplantsabroadbecau

______

'tliketostudyanimalsandplantsinhisowncountry.

ntsandanimalsinothercountriesweredifferentfromthoinhisown

country.

edtolearnmoreaboutanimalandplantlife.

edtolearnexactlyhowmanykindsofanimalstherewere.

oncludethatTheOriginofSpecieswaspublished______

waslivinginLondon.

wasfiftyyearsold.

hetraveledthedifferentpartsoftheworld.

yearsbeforehedied.

renottakengoodcareofbypeople.

oohotinsummerandtoocoldinwinter.

uldn'tfitinwiththeirsurroundings.

rekilledbypeopledaybyday.

(DCBAC)

olo,FamousItalianTraveler

马可•波罗—意大利著名旅行家

马可·波罗，1254出生于威尼斯。少年时便与其父亲、叔父开始了他神奇而伟大的旅

行——横跨欧亚大陆。25年后才回到家乡，著成《马克·波罗游记》。他说：“无论什么种

族，什么时代，从没有人看见过或观察过本书中所描述得如此多、如此伟大的事情。”书中

描述了波斯中亚等各国风光，中国的敦煌、哈密、酒泉，张掖等许多城镇的风情；记载了元

朝的都城建筑、官廷生活，典章礼仪、政治军事……马可·波罗对于京都的宏大气势，对于

苏州、杭州等城市的秀丽多姿，不仅描绘细腻，而且发出了由衷的赞叹。

hemostfamouswesternertovisit

her,NicoloPolo,andhisunclewerewealthy

sitedChinaandbecame

friendswithKublaiKhan,nlywhentheyreturned

toItalyfromChinathatMarco,whowasnow15yearsold,firstmethisfather.

themmorethanthree

yearstotravelthe9000milestoShang-tu,at

eyoung

MarcobecameagreatfavoriteoftheEmperorandwasoneofhismosttrustedfriends.

MarcoquicklylearnedthelanguageandcustomsoftheChinebecauhetraveled

aroundandtalkedtomanypeople.

Afternearly17yearsintheEast,Marcoandhisfatherpreparedtoreturnhome.

NotlongafterMarcocamehome,

hewasaprisonerhemetawritercalledRustichellowhowrotedownthelongstory

thatMarcotoldhimabouthistravels.

Hedidnotmakeanymorejourneysalterthepublicationofhisbooks,buthe

hadaplaceinhistory---hewasthefirstEuropeanevertotraveltheEastandto

returnwithastorytotell.

.

oncludethatMarcobeganhistriptoChinafromItaly______

hewas15yearsold.

isfatherandunclereturnedhomefromtheirfirsttriptoChina.

was35yearsold.

ashewas15yearsold.

ololearnedtheChinelanguageandcustomsby______

ingaroundandtellingstoriestotheChinepeople.

gandwritingChine.

gandspeakingChine.

gtomanypeoplewhiletravelingaround.

rcoPoloreturnedtoItaly,hewasalready______

A.32yearsoldB.30yearsold.

42yearsold.

eknowMarcoPolo’striptoChinaverywellmainlybecau______

imlfwroteatravelbook.

inewrotedownthestoryofhistrip.

ewrotedownthelongstorybadonwhatMarcoPolohadtoldhim.

isonersheardthestoryandpasditontous.

(ABDCC)

mShakespeare,theGreatestEnglishPlaywright

威廉•莎士比亚—英国最伟大的剧作家

莎士比亚，公元1564年4月23日生于英格兰斯特拉福镇，1616年5月3日病逝。英

国著名剧作家、诗人。主要作品有《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《李尔王》

等。莎士比亚在1590～1612的20余年内共写了三十七部戏剧，还写有二首长诗和一百五十

四首十四行诗。他的戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传说和老戏等已有的材料，反映了

封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的历史现实，宣扬了新兴资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观

点。

tenyears,Shakespearewrotehispopularplays,includingHamlet,KingLearand

Macbeth.

In1613hereturnedtoStratfordandlivedquietlyathishomeduringthelast

onApril23,1616andwasburiedinthechurchofthe

HolyTrinity,Stratford.

alwithagreatvarietyofthemes,

reflectingthespiritoftheRenaissance,splays,

Shakespearewrotetwolongpoemsand154sonnets(asonnetisapoemof14lines),

lovebeingtheirmaintheme.

ComprehensionQuestions:

mShakespearewasbornina______family.

’

pearegotmarried______

wastwenty-twoyearsold.

ashelefthome.

aneightyearsolderthanhimlf.

becameknownasaplaywright.

1585,ShakespeareleftStratford______

becauhewasnotsatisfiedwithhismarriage.

tonabusinesstrip.

tabroadforfurtherstudy.

lyjoinedacompanyoftravelingactorsorwentdirectlytoLondon.