refer to

Unit4WasEinsteinaspaceAlien?

Objectives

Studentswillbeableto:

hemainideaofTextA(Einsteinwasachildofhistime)

iatethevarioustechniquemployedbythewriter(usingaquestionasthetitleofthe

text,illustratinghisanswerwithvarioussupportingfacts,uifsubheadings,uofquotations,

etc.)

thekeylanguagepointsinTextAandlearnhowtouthemincontext;

tandtheculturalbackgroundrelatedtothecontent;

sthemlvesmorefreelyonthetheme

nessaypayingspecialattentiontounity.

TimeAllotment

Wedevote8teachingperiods(plus2periodsafter-classofstudents’autonomouslearninginthe

Self-AccessCenter)tocoverUnit5,whichinclude:

TimeWhatIstoBeDoneTasks/Activities

2

periods

ingandSpeakingCourinthe

SAC;

3

Ss’autonomouslearningwithUnitsof

QinghuatextbookIII

2

periods

entation:Whyisimaginationso

importantinscientificwork.

sionleadingtoTextAinUnit4.

’understandingthemainideaandthe

structureofthetext;

1.3Ssmakingpreparedspeeches;

’discussion:namesomescientists

ofgreatinternationalprestigeandthen

listsomeoftheirachievements.

2

periods

’masteryofthekeylanguagepoints

andgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;

tationofthecourwareofthe

text;

onsandAnswers;

gassignment;

2

periods

’prentation:Einsteininmyeyes;

rlearningofTextAandcheckSs

understandingofTextB;

laryextension;

pingSs’readingskillof

detectingspecificinformation/detailsby

scanning

nggroupprentationwithppt

toshowhowtheycelebrateholidays;

ingoutword-associationmap

mentaryreadingpassages

helpingSsdevelopscanning&

skimming;

2

periods

2after-class-periodsofstudents’

autonomouslearningintheSelf-Access

Center

whathasbeenlearnedinclass

withlearningresources;

forwhatSsbelieveastheir

weakpointsinthefourskills;

rceSslisteningskills.

TextAWritingThreeThank-youLetters

TonyPhillips

CulturalBackground

AlbertEinstein(1879—1955)German-bornAmericantheoreticalphysicist

HewasaGerman-bornAmericantheoreticalphysicistwhospecialandgeneraltheoriesof

relativityrevolutionizedmodernthoughtonthenatureofspaceandtimeandformedatheoretical

1921NobelPrizeforhixplanationofthe

photoelectric(光电的)effect.

IsaacNewton(1643—1727)Englishmathematicianandscientist

HewasanEnglishmathematicianandscientistwhoinventeddifferentialcalculus(微分学)and

formulatedthetheoryofuniversalgravitation,atheoryaboutthenatureoflight,andthreelawsof

ationgravitationwassuppodlyinspiredbythesightofafallingapple.

Classroomactivities:

rdswilloccurtoyouwheneverthename“AlbertEinstein”ismentioned?Write

downasmanywordsandphrasaspossible.

knowledgeableimaginativescientistsuperthinkerNobelPrizewinnercreativestubborn

humorous

lawofthephotoelectriceffectE=mc²TheoryofRelativityslowstarterphysicist

theorist

PartDivisionoftheText

1-3:Ayounghusbandandfather,AlbertEinsteinhadtoworkhardtosupporthisfamily.

4-12:Einsteinmadeastonishingachievementsinphysicsandthusrevolutionizedthefield.

13-21:Einstein’sdiscoverieswereattributabletohisimagination,questioning,disregardfor

authority,powersofconcentration,andinterestinscience.

22-23:Einsteinwasnotaspacealien.

Difficultntens

rwasamess;hehadforgottentocombitagain.

Whatdothewords“mess”and“again”suggestaboutEinstein?

ThewordssuggesttwothingsaboutEinstein:

1)Einsteinpaidlittleattentiontohisappearance.

2)Itwasmorearegularpracticethananaccidentfor

Einsteintogotoworkwithmessyhair.

TranslatethentenceintoChine.

他的头发凌乱，他又忘了梳头了。

feltallthepressureandresponsibilityofanyyoung

husbandandfather.

Whatdoes“allthepressureandresponsibility”referto?

Itreferstothepressurefromwork,thefamilyresponsibilitiesandthenecessitytoharmonize

strainedrelationshipsamongfamilymembers.

Whatdoyouthinkistheauthor’spurpoofwritingthentence?

TheauthorintendstouthentenceasanevidencetoshowthatEinsteinwasnotaspacealien

butamanofhistimesincetheproblemsthattroubled“anyyounghusbandandfather”also

troubledEinstein.

,andbytheway,E=mc².

Howdoyouunderstandtheuofthephra“bytheway”inthentence?

Originally“bytheway”isudtointroduceacommentorquestionthatisonlyindirectlyrelated

tothemainsubjectofconversation;hereitisudtoachievetherhetoricaleffectsofhumor,

henceshouldn’tbetakenliterally.

youknowabout“E=mc²”?

EinsteinwasthefirstscientisttopropotheE=mc2formulainwhichEinergy,mismass,and

uationindicatesthatenergyalwayxhibitsmassin

whateverformtheenergytakes.

thingbettertodo,hedevelopedhisTheoryofUniversal

Gravitation.

Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’stonefromthepart“Withnothingbettertodo”?

Thepartisanothervividproofoftheauthor’,it’sbynomeansapieceof

cakeforIsaacNewtontodeveloptheTheoryofUniversalGravitation.

Whatdoyouknowaboutthe“TheoryofUniversalGravitation”?

ItisanempiricalphysicallawdevelopedbyIsaacNewtondescribingthegravitationalattraction

betweenbodieswithmass.

is1905papersunraveledproblemsbeingworkedon,with

mixedsuccess,byotherscientists.

AllofEinstein’s1905paperssolvedproblemsthatotherscientistshadbeenworkingonand

makingsomeprogress.

他所有发表于1905年的那些论文解决了当时其他科学家正多多少少在解决的问题。

’sremarkableabout1905isthatasinglepersonauthoredall

fivepapers,plustheoriginal,irreverentwayEinsteincametohis

conclusions.

Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardsEinstein’sachievementsfromthentence?

WecanlearnthattheauthorisoverwhelmedbythefactthatEinsteinauthoredallfivepapersin

oneyearandthrilledbythewayEinsteincametohisconclusions.

stheauthorconveythisattitude?

ds“remarkable”and

“original”areudcomplimentarilytoshowtheauthor’sappreciationofandrespectforEinstein.

aracterflawwastobeakeyingredientinEinstein’s

discoveries.

Whatdoes“thischaracterflaw”referto?

ItreferstoEinstein’sdefianceofauthorityandhischaractertraitsofalwaysdoubtingand

questioning.

这种个性缺陷成为日后爱因斯坦作出种种发现的主要因素。

dn’tslowhimdown.

Whatdoes“that”referto?

“That”referstoEinstein’sfailuretounderstandlight’sduality.

WhatdoesthentencesuggestaboutEinstein’spersonality?

ThentencesuggeststhatEinsteintendstobestimulatedratherthanfrustratedinfaceoffailure,

thepersonalityofwhichcontributedtoEinstein’sachievementstoacertaindegree.

ningcaution,Einsteinadoptedtheintuitiveleapasabasic

tool.

AlthoughEinsteinfeltbewilderedbythebizarredualityoflight,hebelievedinhisintuitionand

conductedscientificrearchesinsteadofbeingtoocautioustotakeanyactions.

爱因斯坦不屑谨小慎微，他采用直觉跳跃思维作为基本工具。

increditedhisdiscoveriestoimaginationandendless

questioningmoresothanorthodoxintelligence.

WhatcanyouinferaboutEinstein’sattitudetowardssuccessfromthentence?

WecaninferthatinEinstein’sopinion,imaginationandtheabilitytoquestionplayafarmore

importantrolethanintelligenceinaperson’swaytosuccess.

nlife,itshouldberemembered,hestruggledmightilyto

produceaunifiedfieldtheory,combininggravitywithotherforcesof

nature.

Whatdothewords“struggled”and“mightily”suggestaboutEinstein?

ThewordssuggesttwothingsaboutEinstein:

1)Einsteinwasahardworkingmanwhomadeevery

efforttopursuehisdreams.

2)ItwasnoeasytaskforEinsteintoproducethe

unifiedfieldtheory.

Whatistheunifiedfieldtheory,accordingtothentence?

Itisatheorythatmightcombinegravitywithotherforcesofnature.

rwasEinstein’sbrain.

Analyzethegrammaticalstructureofthentence.

Thentenceisintheinvertedorder,thepredicate“was”beingplacedbeforethesubject

“Einstein’sbrain”.

Whatisthefunctionofthentenceinthetext?

Thentencervesasatransitionalntence,helpingtheauthorshiftfromdiscussionon

Einstein’sbrainpowertodiscussiononthestructureofEinstein’sbrain,thusachievingcoherence

ofthetext.

LanguagePoints:

:happeninganumberoftimes,oneafteranother

BillGateslost$6billionlastyear,butthatdidn’tstophimfrombeingtherichestmanintheworld

forthe8thyearinarow.

这是接连着第三个星期天下雨了。

ThisisthethirdSundayinarowthatrains.

f:fallintoalightsleep

BeforeIhadtimetodozeoffagain,Iwasdisturbedbyarattlingofplatesanddishesinthe

rvant’shall.

Thatprovedtobemyundoing,forIsoongotbacktomyoldbadhabitofdozingoffinfrontofthe

screen.

有些学生常在课堂上打瞌睡。

Somestudentsoftendozeoffinclass.

:

isalready96andtoofrailtolivebyherlf.

自从他病愈之后，就一直很虚弱，但他却有惊人的耐力。

Eversincehisrecoveryhehasbeenveryfrail,yetcapableofsurprisingendurance.

:vt.

1)makeasituationorrelationshipmoredifficult

RelationsbetweenTokyoandWashingtonwerefurtherstrainedbythemonetarycrisisinvolving

theDecember1971revaluationoftheJapaneyen.

该事件使得两国关系趋于紧张。

Theincidenthasstrainedrelationsbetweenthetwocountries.

2)stretchtightlybypulling

Theystrainedthewirebetweentwoposts.

负载过重会把绳子拉紧到崩断的地步。

Tooheavyaloadwillstraintheropetoitsbreakingpoint.

dsmeet:balanceone’sincomeandexpenditure

Itmaybedifficultattimestomakeendsmeetonyoursmallincome.

ItwasverydifficultforArthurtomakeendsmeetwhenhisfactorywasputonathree-dayweek

duringtherecession.

他们失了业，还要养活两个小孩，无法维持起码的生活。

Beingoutofworkandhavingtwoyoungchildren,theyfounditimpossibletomakeendsmeet.

h:

.

1),widerortighterbypulling

WherecanIbuythothingsthatstretchyourshoes?

Aspider’swebcanbestretchedconsiderablywithoutweakening.

你如果拉橡皮带，它就会伸长。

Ifyoustretchapieceofelastic,itbecomesmuchlonger.

2)extendorthrustout(alimborpartofthebody)and

tightenthemuscles

Shewentouttostretchherlegsafterlunch.

应付抽筋最有效的方法就是轻柔缓和地去伸展肌肉抽筋的部位。

Themosteffectivetreatmentformusclecrampsistogentlystretchthecrampedmuscle.

outoveranareaoraperiodoftime;extend

Theoceanstretchedasfarastheycouldeonallsides.

Theroadstretchedoutacrossthedertintothedistance.

:vt.

1)turnround;revolve

Twistthehandletotherightandtheboxwillopen.

我扭过头去把汽车向后倒。

Itwistedmyheadroundtoreverthecar.

2)deliberatelygiveafalmeaningtowords,etc.

Thepolicetriedtotwisttheman’sstatementintoanadmissionofguilt.

报纸把我的话全都歪曲了。

ThepaperstwistedeverythingIsaid.

ak:denorviolentstartofsth.

unwelcome,suchasdia

由于战争爆发，这个研究计划搁浅了。

Therearchprojectfetchedupbecauoftheoutbreakofthewar.

:

whodoesnotbelongintheenvironmentin

whichtheyarefound

Immigrantworkerswereclasdasresidentaliens.

背井离乡这么久，现在在他自己的国家，他觉得自己像个外人。

Afterbeingawayforsolong,hefeelslikeanalieninhisowncountrynow.

.

1)verydifferentfromwhatyouareudto,especiallyin

awaythatisdifficulttounderstandoraccept

残忍完全不合他的本性。

Crueltyisquitealientohisnature.

2)beingorfromorcharacteristicofanotherplaceor

partoftheworld

Afterthealienspacecrafthadhoveredovertheparkforashorttime,itvanished.

我在异国他乡遇到故知。

Iranintoanoldfriendinthealienland.

alien,foreign&extrinsic

这三个形容词均有“外来的”之意

alien表示无关联的、外来的，不能成为事物固有的组

成部分，常带有厌恶之意，至少有不可兼容、不

可调和之意。

foreign是正式用法，表示在本国以外的，涉及到国外的。

还表示因没有共同特性、关联而与其他事物有所

不同的，不相干的。

extrinsic表示明显在某物之外的，或从其他事物中得来的。

able:adj.

1)striking

Heshowedremarkablecouragewhenhefacedthedanger.

他生病的整个阶段都表现出非凡的忍耐力。

Heshowedremarkableendurancethroughouthisillness.

2)worthyofattention

ThesocialchangeswhichoccurredinChinaareremarkable.

唐朝是一段以开明著称的时期。

TheTangDynastyisaperiodremarkableforitsliberality.

remarkable,noticeable,outstanding&conspicuous

这四个形容词均含有“突出的、值得注意的”之意。

remarkable指所描写的事物或特征因与众不同或非同寻

常而显得突出，含有需要大家评论、注意或

关注的意味。

noticeable指某事物或某特征太明显而不可避免地引起

人们的注意，可作定语或表语。

outstanding为普通用词，指人或物在同类比较中显得出

类拔萃或具有显著的特征。

conspicuous指某事物或某特征太显眼太突出而刺激感官

或头脑并立即为感官或头脑所感觉到。

al:adj.

1)beingorproductiveofsomethingfreshandunusual;

beingasfirstmadeorthoughtof

Idon’tthinkGeorgeiscapableofhavingoriginalideas!

评论家们称赞该作品独树一帜。

Criticspraidtheworkashighlyoriginal.

2)precedingallothersintimeorbeingasfirstmadeor

performed

Hisoriginalenthusiasmhasturnedsour.

Heexcludedcertainpassagesfromtheoriginalbookinthenewedition.

房子原先的主人搬出去了。

Theoriginalownerofthehoumovedout.

:mlyfastenedinplace

Itiedtheboattothetreebutithascomeloo.

他的裤子太短，外套和背心又太肥大。

Histroursweretooshortandhiscoatandvesttooloo.

指绳子、线等没有拉紧或绷紧而显得松弛下垂。还

可指人疏忽职守、懈怠或无力气。例如：

Theworkmenhavebeenveryslackintheirworkrecently.

工人们最近工作一直很懈怠。

:ogether

Hismusicunifiestraditionalandmodernthemes.

我们决意将这两岛联合起来创立一个国家。

It’sourfirmdeterminationtounifythetwoislandsintoonecountry.

anydoubt:allowingnouncertainty

Theauthenticityofthemanuscriptisbeyondanydoubt.

Theprocutionmustprovebeyondanydoubtthattheaccudisguiltyofthecrime.

她使我深信，保罗确实是清白无辜的。

SheconvincedmethatPaulwas,beyondanydoubt,innocent.

eafigfor:.

Hedidn’tgiveafigforhismistake.

对邻居们的闲言碎语她丝毫不放在心上。

Shewouldn’tgiveafigforherneighbors’gossip.

ine:.

lessstrongoreffective

足球教练的主要竞争对手在散布谣言以逐渐破坏他的威信。

Thefootballcoach’smajoropponentisspreadingrumorstounderminehisauthority.

t:advance

Itisvirtuallyimpossibletopredictthefutureaccurately.

预言这次对话可能有什么结果，现在还为时过早。

It’syetprematuretopredictthepossibleoutcomeofthedialogue.

etanywhere:notbesuccessful

除非我们立即采取行动，否则我们就不会成功。

Weshallnevergetanywhereunlesswetakeimmediateactionsourlves.

ient:n.

1)anyofthefoodsthatarecombinedtomakeaparticular

dish

她能用简单配料烹调出美味的饭菜。

Shecanproducedeliciousmealfromverysimpleingredients.

2)

想象力和勤奋工作是成功的要素。

Imaginationandhardworkaretheingredientsofsuccess.

ingly:adv.

1)conquently,therefore

人家叫她说话简短,于是她就长话短说了。

Shewastoldtospeakbriefly;accordinglyshecutshortherremarks.

2)inasuitablemanner

请将你的合同文本进行相应的修正。

Pleaamendyourcopyofthecontractaccordingly.

n:.

他鄙视那个势利小人，不愿和他说话。

Hedisdainedthatmanforsnobbishnessandwasunwillingtotalktohim.

n:

areandattention

他小心翼翼地爬上墙头。

Withmuchcautionheclimbedtothetopofthewall.

reful

我必须告诫你谨防危险。

Imustcautionyouagainstthedanger.

ate:stedandexcited

政府将竭尽全力去刺激经济发展。

Thegovernmentwilldoeverythinginitspowertostimulateeconomicgrowth.

:

她总是把自己独特的性格归功于父母。

Shealwayscreditedherdistinctivecharactertoherparents.

,approval,recognition

他的勇敢使他所在的团大为增光。

Hiscouragehasbroughtgreatcredittohisregiment.

hing:ifthereisanythingdifferent;onthecontrary

even

他可不瘦——按说还算有点胖呢。

He’snotthin,ifanything,he’sratherontheplumpside.

e:slightly

起码可以说，他的背景不大可靠。

Hisbackgroundisatrifledubious,tosaytheleast.

Exercis:

Vocabulary;cloze;translation